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Erschienen in: Die Innere Medizin 12/2023

10.11.2023 | Apoplex | Schwerpunkt: Was ist gesichert in der Therapie?

Was ist gesichert in der Therapie des ischämischen Schlaganfalls?

verfasst von: PD Dr. Hans Worthmann, Johanna Ernst, Gerrit M. Grosse

Erschienen in: Die Innere Medizin | Ausgabe 12/2023

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Zusammenfassung

Der ischämische Schlaganfall stellt eine der häufigsten Todesursachen weltweit und die häufigste Ursache von permanenter Behinderung im Erwachsenenalter dar. Die Akuttherapie des Schlaganfalls ist zeitkritisch, und es gilt nach dem Time-is-brain-Prinzip, so rasch wie möglich zu prüfen, ob eine rekanalisierende Therapie möglich ist, welche die Penumbra retten kann. Als medikamentöse Therapie kommen die intravenöse Thrombolyse (IVT) und bei Identifikation eines Großgefäßverschlusses eine endovaskuläre Therapie (EVT) ggf. in Kombination mit einer IVT infrage. Die Weiterbehandlung auf einer Stroke Unit ist eine weitere wichtige Säule der Schlaganfallakuttherapie. Bereits in der Akutphase muss die beste sekundärprophylaktische Therapie eingeleitet werden. Die Schlaganfallursache leitet die Entscheidungsfindung zur optimalen sekundärpräventiven Strategie. Die wichtigsten Ätiologien des Schlaganfalls sind die kardiale Embolie, die atherosklerotisch bedingte Makroangiopathie sowie die zerebrale Mikroangiopathie („small vessel disease“). Seltenere Ursachen sind Dissektionen hirnversorgender Arterien oder Vaskulitiden. In bis zu 20–30 % aller Fälle lässt sich jedoch trotz intensiver Ursachenabklärung keine eindeutige Ätiologie feststellen, was entsprechend Unsicherheit in der optimalen Sekundärprävention bedeutet, die sich insbesondere aus einer der Ätiologie angepassten gerinnungswirksamen Medikation sowie der Therapie kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren und ggf. operativer bzw. interventioneller desobliterativer Verfahren zusammensetzt. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt das diagnostische Vorgehen sowie die evidenzbasierte Therapie des ischämischen Schlaganfalls.
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Metadaten
Titel
Was ist gesichert in der Therapie des ischämischen Schlaganfalls?
verfasst von
PD Dr. Hans Worthmann
Johanna Ernst
Gerrit M. Grosse
Publikationsdatum
10.11.2023
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Innere Medizin / Ausgabe 12/2023
Print ISSN: 2731-7080
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7099
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-023-01622-x

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