Introduction
Methods
Patients
CT protocol and image reconstruction
Volume of plaque and its components
Severity of stenosis
Cardiovascular risk factors
Statistical analysis
Results
Baseline characteristics
Characteristic | Value |
---|---|
Age (years; mean ± SD) | 61 ± 15 |
Male sex (%) | 61 |
Symptoms | |
Amaurosis fugax, retinal infarct (%) | 27 |
Transient ischemic attack (%) | 19 |
Ischemic stroke (%) | 54 |
Hypertension (%) | 70 |
Hypercholesterolemia (%) | 73 |
Diabetes Mellitus (%) | 11 |
Smoking: current or past (%) | 53 |
Previous cardiac disease (%) | 18 |
Previous cerebrovascular disease (%) | 24 |
Plaque volume and severity of stenosis
Stenosis (%) | Number | Number (PV > 0) | PV (mm3) | Calcium (%) | Lipid (%) | Fibrous (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 61 | 20 | 411 ± 472 | 10 ± 8 | 13 ± 11 | 76 ± 9 |
1-29 | 20 | 18 | 543 ± 464 | 13 ± 13 | 16 ± 9 | 70 ± 12 |
30-49 | 6 | 6 | 930 ± 367 | 14 ± 10 | 23 ± 13 | 63 ± 14 |
50-69 | 5 | 5 | 1,734 ± 675 | 24 ± 13 | 26 ± 8 | 50 ± 7 |
70-99 | 8 | 8 | 1,480 ± 708 | 14 ± 11 | 30 ± 13 | 55 ± 17 |
Total | 100 | 57 | 773 ± 685 | 13 ± 11 | 18 ± 12 | 68 ± 14 |
Plaque volume and plaque composition
Risk factors
Variable | OR (95% CI) adjusted for age and gender | OR (95% CI) adjusted for age, gender, and all risk factors | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Plaque volume | Severity of stenosis | Plaque volume | Severity of stenosis | |
Age (per 10 years) | 2.3 (1.4–3.6) | 2.0 (1.3–3.0) | 3.1 (1.7–5.6) | 2.9 (1.6–5.4) |
Gender (male versus female) | 2.0 (0.7–6.3) | 2.0 (0.7–6.1) | 1.7 (0.5–5.5) | 1.9 (0.6–6.2) |
Hypertension | 1.7 (0.5–5.9) | 1.7 (0.5–5.6) | 2.3 (0.6–8.7) | 1.7 (0.5–6.0) |
Hypercholesterolemia | 0.9 (0.3–3.0) | 1.8 (0.5–5.9) | 0.8 (0.2–3.0) | 2.5 (0.6–10.7) |
Diabetes mellitus | 0.4 (0.1–2.3) | 0.4 (0.1–2.3) | 0.5 (0.1–4.0) | 0.5 (0.1–4.1) |
Smoking (ever) | 3.9 (1.1–13.2) | 4.4 (1.3–14.8) | 4.9 (1.2–19.3) | 4.6 (1.2–18.1) |
Previous cardiac disease | 1.8 (0.5–6.3) | 0.9 (0.8–7.7) | 2.5 (0.6–9.6) | 0.8 (0.2–3.3) |
Previous cerebrovascular disease | 1.3 (0.4–4.2) | 2.5 (0.8–7.7) | 1.0 (0.3–3.6) | 2.4 (0.7–8.4) |