nach oben

Diabetologia

Erschienen in:

01.07.2008 | Article

Beneficial effects of long-chain n-3 fatty acids included in an energy-restricted diet on insulin resistance in overweight and obese European young adults

verfasst von: A. Ramel, A. Martinéz, M. Kiely, G. Morais, N. M. Bandarra, I. Thorsdottir

Erschienen in: Diabetologia | Ausgabe 7/2008

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis

Epidemiological research indicates that long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) improve insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of seafood consumption on insulin resistance in overweight participants during energy restriction.

Methods

In this 8 week dietary intervention, 324 participants (20–40 years, BMI 27.5–32.5 kg/m², from Iceland, Spain and Ireland) were randomised by computer to one of four energy-restricted diets (−30E%) of identical macronutrient composition but different LC n-3 PUFA content: control (n = 80; no seafood; single-blinded); lean fish (n = 80; 150 g cod, three times/week); fatty fish (n = 84; 150 g salmon, three times/week); (4) fish oil (n = 80; daily docosahexaenoic/eicosapentaenoic acid capsules, no other seafood; single-blinded). Fasting glucose, insulin, adiponectin, plasma triacylglycerol and fatty acids in erythrocyte membrane were measured at baseline and endpoint. Insulin resistance was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Linear models with fixed effects and covariates were used to investigate the effects of seafood consumption on fasting insulin and HOMA-IR at endpoint in comparison with the control group.

Results

Of the participants, 278 (86%) completed the intervention. Fish oil intake was a significant predictor of fasting insulin and insulin resistance after 8 weeks, and this finding remained significant even after including weight loss, triacylglycerol reduction, increased LC n-3 PUFA in membranes or adiponectin changes as covariates in the statistical analysis. Weight loss was also a significant predictor of improvements.

Conclusions/interpretation

LC n-3 PUFA consumption during energy reduction exerts positive effects on insulin resistance in young overweight individuals, independently from changes in body weight, triacylglycerol, erythrocyte membrane or adiponectin.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00315770.

Funding: The YOUNG study is part of the SEAFOODplus Integrated Project, which is funded by the EC through the 6th Framework Programme Contract No. FOOD-CT-2004-506359.

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

Walker M (1995) Obesity, insulin resistance, and its link to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 44:18–20PubMedCrossRef

Perez-Matute P, Perez-Echarri N, Martinez JA, Marti A, Moreno-Aliaga MJ (2007) Eicosapentaenoic acid actions on adiposity and insulin resistance in control and high-fat-fed rats: role of apoptosis, adiponectin and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Br J Nutr 97:389–398PubMedCrossRef

Ruxton CH, Reed SC, Simpson MJ, Millington KJ (2004) The health benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: a review of the evidence. J Hum Nutr Diet 17:449–459PubMedCrossRef

Delarue J, LeFoll C, Corporeau C, Lucas D (2004) N-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: a nutritional tool to prevent insulin resistance associated to type 2 diabetes and obesity? Reprod Nutr Dev 44:289–299PubMedCrossRef

Feskens EJ, Loeber JG, Kromhout D (1994) Diet and physical activity as determinants of hyperinsulinemia: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Am J Epidemiol 140:350–360PubMed

Feskens EJ, Bowles CH, Kromhout D (1991) Inverse association between fish intake and risk of glucose intolerance in normoglycemic elderly men and women. Diabetes Care 14:935–941PubMedCrossRef

Thorsdottir I, Hill J, Ramel A (2004) Omega-3 fatty acid supply from milk associates with lower type 2 diabetes in men and coronary heart disease in women. Prev Med 39:630–634PubMedCrossRef

Friedberg CE, Janssen MJ, Heine RJ, Grobbee DE (1998) Fish oil and glycemic control in diabetes. A meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 21:494–500PubMedCrossRef

Roche HM (2005) Fatty acids and the metabolic syndrome. Proc Nutr Soc 64:23–29PubMedCrossRef

10.

Lombardo YB, Chicco AG (2006) Effects of dietary polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids on dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in rodents and humans. A review. J Nutr Biochem 17:1–13PubMedCrossRef

11.

Pagliassotti MJ, Prach PA, Koppenhafer TA, Pan DA (1996) Changes in insulin action, triglycerides, and lipid composition during sucrose feeding in rats. Am J Physiol 271:R1319–R1326PubMed

12.

Thorburn AW, Storlien LH, Jenkins AB, Khouri S, Kraegen EW (1989) Fructose-induced in vivo insulin resistance and elevated plasma triglyceride levels in rats. Am J Clin Nutr 49:1155–1163PubMed

13.

Herzberg GR, Rogerson M (1988) Hepatic fatty acid synthesis and triglyceride secretion in rats fed fructose- or glucose-based diets containing corn oil, tallow or marine oil. J Nutr 118:1061–1067PubMed

14.

Clamp AG, Ladha S, Clark DC, Grimble RF, Lund EK (1997) The influence of dietary lipids on the composition and membrane fluidity of rat hepatocyte plasma membrane. Lipids 32:179–184PubMedCrossRef

15.

Storlien LH, Pan DA, Kriketos AD et al (1996) Skeletal muscle membrane lipids and insulin resistance. Lipids 31:S261–265PubMedCrossRef

16.

Ayre KJ, Phinney SD, Tang AB, Stern JS (1998) Exercise training reduces skeletal muscle membrane arachidonate in the obese (fa/fa) Zucker rat. J Appl Physiol 85:1898–1902PubMed

17.

Storlien LH, Jenkins AB, Chisholm DJ, Pascoe WS, Khouri S, Kraegen EW (1991) Influence of dietary fat composition on development of insulin resistance in rats. Relationship to muscle triglyceride and omega-3 fatty acids in muscle phospholipid. Diabetes 40:280–289PubMedCrossRef

18.

Borkman M, Storlien LH, Pan DA, Jenkins AB, Chisholm DJ, Campbell LV (1993) The relation between insulin sensitivity and the fatty-acid composition of skeletal-muscle phospholipids. N Engl J Med 328:238–244PubMedCrossRef

19.

Pan DA, Lillioja S, Milner MR et al (1995) Skeletal muscle membrane lipid composition is related to adiposity and insulin action. J Clin Invest 96:2802–2808PubMedCrossRef

20.

Vessby B, Tengblad S, Lithell H (1994) Insulin sensitivity is related to the fatty acid composition of serum lipids and skeletal muscle phospholipids in 70-year-old men. Diabetologia 37:1044–1050PubMedCrossRef

21.

Haugaard SB, Madsbad S, Høy CE, Vaag A (2006) Dietary intervention increases n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in skeletal muscle membrane phospholipids of obese subjects. Implications for insulin sensitivity. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 64:169–178CrossRef

22.

Lindsay RS, Funahashi T, Hanson RL et al (2002) Adiponectin and development of type 2 diabetes in the Pima Indian population. Lancet 360:57–58PubMedCrossRef

23.

Fernandez-Real JM, Vendrell J, Ricart W (2005) Circulating adiponectin and plasma fatty acid profile. Clin Chem 51:603–609PubMedCrossRef

24.

Flachs P, Mohamed-Ali V, Horakova O et al (2006) Polyunsaturated fatty acids of marine origin induce adiponectin in mice fed a high-fat diet. Diabetologia 49:394–397PubMedCrossRef

25.

Cankayali I, Demirag K, Kocabas S, Resat Moral A (2004) The effects of standard and branched chain amino acid enriched solutions on thermogenesis and energy expenditure in unconscious intensive care patients. Clin Nutr 23:257–63PubMedCrossRef

26.

Salvino RM, Dechicco RS, Seidner DL (2004) Perioperative nutrition support: who and how. Cleve Clin J Med 71:345–351PubMedCrossRef

27.

Nordic Council of Ministers (2004) Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2004. Integrating nutrition and physical activity, 4th edn. Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen

28.

Thorsdottir I, Tomasson H, Gunnarsdottir I et al (2007) Randomized trial of weight-loss diets for young adults varying in fish and fish oil content. Int J Obesity 31:1560–1566CrossRef

29.

Birgisdottir BE, Kiely M, Martinez JA, Thorsdottir I (2008) Validity of a food frequency questionnaire to assess intake of seafood in adults in three European countries. Food Control 19:648–653CrossRef

30.

Bandarra NM, Palma P, Batista I et al (2002) Effect of a supplemented diet with canned sardine on the lipid fraction of human plasma and erythrocytes. J Aquat Food Prod Tech 11:177–185CrossRef

31.

Wallace TM, Levy JC, Matthews DR (2004) Use and abuse of HOMA modeling. Diabetes Care 27:1487–1495PubMedCrossRef

32.

Vessby B (2000) Dietary fat and insulin action in humans. Br J Nutr 83:S91–S96PubMedCrossRef

33.

Popp-Snijders C, Schouten JA, Heine RJ, van der Meer J, van der Veen EA (1987) Dietary supplementation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improves insulin sensitivity in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Diabetes Res 4:141–147PubMed

34.

Mori TA, Bao DQ, Burke V, Puddey IB, Watts GF, Beilin LJ (1999) Dietary fish as a major component of a weight-loss diet: effect on serum lipids, glucose, and insulin metabolism in overweight hypertensive subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 70:817–825

35.

Krebs JD, Browning LM, McLean NK et al (2006) Additive benefits of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and weight-loss in the management of cardiovascular disease risk in overweight hyperinsulinaemic women. Int J Obes (Lond) 30:1535–1544CrossRef

36.

Vessby B, Unsitupa M, Hermansen K et al (2001) Substituting dietary saturated for monounsaturated fat impairs insulin sensitivity in healthy men and women: the KANWU Study. Diabetologia 44:312–319

37.

Brady LM, Lovegrove SS, Lesauvage SV et al (2004) Increased n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids do not attenuate the effects of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on insulin sensitivity or triacylglycerol reduction in Indian Asians. Am J Clin Nutr 79:983–991PubMed

38.

Luo J, Rizkalla SW, Boillot J et al (1996) Dietary (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids improve adipocyte insulin action and glucose metabolism in insulin-resistant rats: relation to membrane fatty acids. J Nutr 126:1951–1958PubMed

39.

Di Marino L (2000) Is the erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition a valid index of skeletal muscle membrane fatty acid composition? Metabolism 49:1164–1166PubMedCrossRef

40.

Havel PJ (2002) Control of energy homeostasis and insulin action by adipocyte hormones: leptin, acylation stimulating protein, and adiponectin. Curr Opin Lipidol 13:51–59PubMedCrossRef

41.

Cnop M, Havel PJ, Utzschneider KM et al (2003) Relationship of adiponectin to body fat distribution, insulin sensitivity and plasma lipoproteins: evidence for independent roles of age and sex. Diabetologia 46:459–469PubMed

42.

Tschritter O, Fritsche A, Thamer C et al (2003) Plasma adiponectin concentrations predict insulin sensitivity of both glucose and lipid metabolism. Diabetes 52:239–243PubMedCrossRef

Titel: Beneficial effects of long-chain n-3 fatty acids included in an energy-restricted diet on insulin resistance in overweight and obese European young adults
verfasst von: A. Ramel
A. Martinéz
M. Kiely
G. Morais
N. M. Bandarra
I. Thorsdottir
Publikationsdatum: 01.07.2008
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in: Diabetologia / Ausgabe 7/2008
Print ISSN: 0012-186X
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-0428
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-008-1035-7

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

^{Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag}

Kostenlos registrieren

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Live-Webinar "Urologie und Sexualmedizin in der Praxis"

Springer Medizin

Beneficial effects of long-chain n-3 fatty acids included in an energy-restricted diet on insulin resistance in overweight and obese European young adults

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis

Methods

Results

Conclusions/interpretation

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Neu im Fachgebiet Innere Medizin

Erhebliches Risiko für Kehlkopfkrebs bei mäßiger Dysplasie

Nach Herzinfarkt mit Typ-1-Diabetes schlechtere Karten als mit Typ 2?

15% bedauern gewählte Blasenkrebs-Therapie

Costims – das nächste heiße Ding in der Krebstherapie?

Update Innere Medizin

Live-Webinar "Urologie und Sexualmedizin in der Praxis"

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis

Methods

Results

Conclusions/interpretation

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 7/2008

Insulin may have a role to play in protecting beta cells from deterioration in diabetes

The glucose-lowering agent sodium tungstate increases the levels and translocation of GLUT4 in L6 myotubes through a mechanism associated with ERK1/2 and MEF2D

Exon sequencing and association analysis of polymorphisms in TCF7L2 with type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population

Mouse vanin-1 is cytoprotective for islet beta cells and regulates the development of type 1 diabetes

Human skeletal muscle ceramide content is not a major factor in muscle insulin sensitivity

Overexpression of Il6 leads to hyperinsulinaemia, liver inflammation and reduced body weight in mice

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Neu im Fachgebiet Innere Medizin

Erhebliches Risiko für Kehlkopfkrebs bei mäßiger Dysplasie

Nach Herzinfarkt mit Typ-1-Diabetes schlechtere Karten als mit Typ 2?

15% bedauern gewählte Blasenkrebs-Therapie

Costims – das nächste heiße Ding in der Krebstherapie?

Update Innere Medizin