Background
Method
Study design and pilot work to inform the study
Setting and recruitment
GP clinics
Participants
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Age 8–19 years.
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Self-reported MSK pain (non-traumatic and traumatic caused by soft tissue damage, contusion or otherwise (excluding diagnosed fracture)).
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Ability to read and understand either Danish or English.
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Self-reported MSK pain due to tumour, infection, or systemic and neurological causes known by either the GP or the patient/parent.
Data collection and management
Questionnaire and measures
Musculoskeletal pain
Data handling and statistical methods
Demographics | |
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Age (median [IQR]) | 13 years [12–16.5] |
Sex (n) | Female: 55, Male: 45 |
Number of siblings (median [IQR]) | 1 [1–2] |
Only child: 7 | |
Position in sibling linea (excluding only children and twins, n = 91) | First: 31 |
Second: 36 | |
Third/fourth: 21 | |
Youngest: 41 | |
Pain characteristics | |
Pain duration (median [IQR]) | 5 months [3 weeks-1 year] |
Pain numerical rating scale (NRS) (median [IQR]) | 7 [6–8] |
Multi-site activity limiting pain (n = 53b) | 2 sites: 23 |
3 sites: 14 | |
4 sites: 7 | |
>/= 5 sites: 9 | |
Pain episode duration (n) | < than 3 h: 34 |
< than 24 h: 24 | |
1–7 days: 24 | |
> than 7 days: 18 | |
Pain episode frequency (n) | =/> once a week: 80 |
< once a week: 20 |
Psychosocial characteristics | |
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Pain outside school hours (n) | 97 |
Nervous (n) | Often/sometimes: 34 |
Seldom/never: 66 | |
Worried or anxious (n) | Yes: 33, No: 32, I don’t know: 35 |
Low self-esteem (n) | Yes: 7, No: 78, I don’t know: 15 |
Believe in God (n) | Yes: 36, No: 35, I don’t know: 29 |
Difficult to fall asleep because of pain (n) | 38 |
Tired during the day (n) | 57 |
Have a job (n) | 33 |
Know the cause of pain (n) | 58 |
Expect the GP to prescribe pain medication (n) | 8 |
Pain affects my concentration (n) | 58 |
Take pain medication for pain (n) | 33 |
Frequency of pain medication (n) | Once/month: 13 |
Once/week: 12 | |
More than once/week: 6 | |
Every day 1 | |
Know the name of pain medication, n = 26 | Paracetamol: 17 |
NSAIDa: 1 | |
Paracetamol and NSAID: 8 | |
Physical activity characteristics | |
Physical active besides school hours times/week, n = 80b | 0: 0 |
1: 11 | |
2–3: 39 | |
4–6: 16 | |
> 6: 5 | |
Screen time/other activities mostly sitting down outside school hours hours/dayc (n) | 0: 2 |
1–2: 36 | |
3–6: 49 | |
>/= 7: 7 | |
Pain disturbs (separate questions) (n): | a walk longer than 1 km: 70 |
my spare time activities: 88 | |
Pain makes it difficult to (more than one option could be ticked) (n): | stand in a queue for 10 min.: 36 |
carry my school bag to school 22 | |
sit on a chair for a 45-min. Lesson 31 | bend down to put on my socks: 33 |
do sport activities at school 79 | run fast to catch a bus: 67 |