Introduction
Methods
Neuro-ophthalmic evaluation
SS-OCT and SS-OCTA scanning protocol
Structural and flow parameters measured by SS-OCTA
Contrast sensitivity
Statistical analysis
Results
Baseline characteristics
PD patients (n = 52, 100 eyes) | Controls (n = 100, 200 eyes) | P | |
---|---|---|---|
Male | 26 | 50 | 1 |
Age, years | 57.92 ± 8.14 | 56.63 ± 6.42 | 0.281 |
Disease duration, years | 2.47 ± 1.51 | - | - |
SE, D | − 0.28 ± 0.85 | − 0.24 ± 0.96 | 0.88 |
BCVA, Log MAR | 0.93 ± 0.15 | 0.95 ± 0.17 | 0.3191 |
IOP, mm Hg | 13.84 ± 3.09 | 14.26 ± 1.84 | 0.781 |
Smoking status | 3 | 7 | 0.772 |
Alcohol use | 2 | 3 | 1 |
H-Y scale | 1.52 ± 0.65 | - | - |
UPDRS | 26.32 ± 15.85 | - | - |
Comparison of structural parameters
Patients | Control | P | |
---|---|---|---|
Outer retinal thickness | |||
0–1 mm | 187.1 ± 14.3 | 190.9 ± 11.5 | 0.018 |
0–3 mm | 170.1 ± 12.5 | 175 ± 8.6 | < 0.0001 |
0–6 mm | 151.7 ± 12.8 | 156.1 ± 7.8 | 0.002 |
Superior | 152.7 ± 14.7 | 158.2 ± 8.2 | < 0.0001 |
Temporal | 151.9 ± 12.8 | 156.5 ± 7.8 | 0.001 |
Inferior | 145.6 ± 12.6 | 149 ± 8 | 0.012 |
Nasal | 152.8 ± 13.1 | 156.5 ± 8.9 | 0.009 |
Choroidal thickness | |||
0–1 mm | 313.3 ± 84.3 | 333.5 ± 76.3 | 0.049 |
0–3 mm | 306.4 ± 81.6 | 326.2 ± 71.9 | 0.043 |
0–6 mm | 289.9 ± 76.9 | 307.8 ± 63.9 | 0.044 |
Superior | 314.3 ± 83 | 328.9 ± 64.9 | 0.15 |
Temporal | 291.2 ± 79.6 | 313.7 ± 70.7 | 0.019 |
Inferior | 290.8 ± 79.5 | 313.1 ± 73.2 | 0.023 |
Nasal | 260.6 ± 86.4 | 272.6 ± 74.4 | 0.238 |
Comparison of flow parameters
Patients | Control | P | |
---|---|---|---|
CC flow density (%) | |||
0–1 mm | 70.48 ± 10.11 | 76.29 ± 10.98 | < 0.0001 |
0–3 mm | 73.64 ± 5.89 | 76.95 ± 6.59 | < 0.0001 |
0–6 mm | 76.17 ± 3.68 | 78.26 ± 5.04 | < 0.0001 |
Superior | 77.45 ± 4.15 | 79.45 ± 5.28 | 0.001 |
Temporal | 74.51 ± 3.14 | 75.77 ± 2.81 | 0.062 |
Inferior | 77.18 ± 3.77 | 79.49 ± 5.41 | < 0.0001 |
Nasal | 76.32 ± 4.29 | 77.35 ± 5.45 | 0.082 |
CVI | 0 ± 0 | ||
0–1 mm | 0.38 ± 0.13 | 0.37 ± 0.07 | 0.871 |
0–3 mm | 0.34 ± 0.12 | 0.37 ± 0.07 | 0.03 |
0–6 mm | 0.31 ± 0.11 | 0.35 ± 0.07 | 0.003 |
Superior | 0.31 ± 0.12 | 0.36 ± 0.08 | 0.01 |
Temporal | 0.3 ± 0.11 | 0.34 ± 0.08 | 0.006 |
Inferior | 0.31 ± 0.12 | 0.36 ± 0.08 | 0.001 |
Nasal | 0.31 ± 0.12 | 0.34 ± 0.09 | 0.127 |
CVV (mm3) | 0 ± 0 | ||
0–1 mm | 0.11 ± 0.05 | 0.11 ± 0.03 | 0.94 |
0–3 mm | 0.85 ± 0.4 | 0.91 ± 0.37 | 0.151 |
0–6 mm | 2.89 ± 1.43 | 3.27 ± 1.12 | 0.023 |
Superior | 0.74 ± 0.37 | 0.87 ± 0.31 | 0.002 |
Temporal | 0.68 ± 0.34 | 0.78 ± 0.29 | 0.008 |
Inferior | 0.71 ± 0.38 | 0.82 ± 0.33 | 0.017 |
Nasal | 0.67 ± 0.39 | 0.69 ± 0.33 | 0.485 |
Comparison of contrast sensitivity and its correlation with SS-OCT variables
PD patients | Controls | P | |
---|---|---|---|
cpd 3 | 1.39 ± 0.23 | 1.56 ± 0.22 | < 0.001 |
cpd 6 | 1.54 ± 0.26 | 1.71 ± 0.21 | < 0.001 |
cpd 12 | 1.00 ± 0.2 | 1.25 ± 0.32 | < 0.001 |
cpd 18 | 0.87 ± 0.24 | 1.02 ± 0.18 | < 0.001 |