Background
Methods
Patients
Sedation in the endoscopy room
Sedation in the operation room
Monitoring and management of adverse events
Evaluation of data
Results
Group E | Group O |
P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Number of patients (N) | 196 | 101 | |
Age (years) | 73.6 ± 8.2 | 72.5 ± 9.1 | 0.26 |
Sex, male | 138 (70.4%) | 78 (77.2%) | 0.22 |
Drinking | 64 (32.6%) | 34 (33.7%) | 0.90 |
Smoking | 59 (30.1%) | 39 (38.6%) | 0.15 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.2 ± 3.1 | 22.9 ± 3.1 | 0.06 |
ASA classification I-II | 187 (95.4%) | 97 (96.0%) | 1.00 |
Comorbidity | |||
Cardiovascular diseases | 33 (16.8%) | 18 (17.8%) | 0.87 |
Cerebrovascular diseases | 23 (11.7%) | 12 (11.9%) | 1.00 |
Chronic kidney diseases | 6 (3.1%) | 8 (7.9%) | 0.08 |
Chronic liver damage | 9 (4.6%) | 4 (4.0%) | 1.00 |
Diabetes mellitus | 40 (20.4%) | 29 (28.7%) | 0.11 |
Hypertension | 113 (57.6%) | 62 (61.4%) | 0.62 |
Group E | Group O |
P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Size of tumors (mm) | 17.3 ± 10.5 | 19.7 ± 17.0 | 0.14 |
Location of tumors | 0.10 | ||
Esophagus | 0 (0%) | 2 (2.0%) | |
Stomach | 196 (100%) | 99 (98.0%) | |
Upper third | 28 (14.3%) | 12 (11.9%) | |
Middle third | 83 (42.3%) | 52 (51.5%) | |
Lower third | 85 (43.4%) | 35 (34.7%) | |
Number of tumors | 0.07 | ||
Single | 185 (94.4%) | 89 (88.1%) | |
Multiple | 11 (5.6%) | 12 (11.9%) | |
Histological classification | 0.65 | ||
0-I | 5 (2.6%) | 4 (4.0%) | |
0-IIa | 82 (41.8%) | 38 (37.6%) | |
0-IIb | 5 (2.6%) | 6 (5.9%) | |
0-IIc | 92 (46.9%) | 48 (47.5%) | |
0-IIa + IIc | 11 (5.6%) | 5 (5.0%) | |
SMT | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | |
Macroscopic classification | 0.25 | ||
Adenoma | 55 (28.1%) | 28 (27.7%) | |
Tub1 | 114 (58.1%) | 58 (57.4%) | |
Tub2 | 18 (9.2%) | 6 (5.9%) | |
por | 1 (0.5%) | 4 (4.0%) | |
Others | 8 (4.1%) | 5 (5.0%) | |
Depth of invasion | 0.97 | ||
m | 174 (88.8%) | 91 (90.1%) | |
sm | 22 (11.2%) | 10 (9.9%) |
Anesthesia drug | Group E | Group O |
---|---|---|
Diazepam | 114 (58.2%) | |
Mean diazepam dose (mg) | 16.1 ± 9.4 | |
Midazolam | 87 (44.4%) | |
Mean midazolam dose (mg) | 14.1 ± 6.1 | |
Buprenorphine | 99 (50.5%) | |
Mean buprenorphine dose (mg) | 0.2 ± 0.1 | |
Pentazocine | 52 (26.5%) | |
Mean pentazocine dose (mg) | 12.7 ± 4.3 | |
Pethidine hydrochiloride | 55 (28.1%) | |
Mean pethidine dose (mg) | 73.2 ± 24.3 | |
Propofol | 101 (100%) | |
Mean propofol dose (mg) | 633.6 ± 320.0 | |
Fentanyl | 101 (100%) | |
Mean fentanyl dose (μg) | 125.0 ± 52.6 |
Group E | Group O |
P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Treatment outcome | |||
Procedure time (min) | 105.4 ± 70.4 | 106.5 ± 64.4 | 0.89 |
En bloc resection | 195 (99.5%) | 100 (99.0%) | 1.00 |
Delayed hemorrhage | 10 (5.1%) | 1 (1.0%) | 0.11 |
Perforation | 3 (1.5%) | 3 (3.0%) | 0.41 |
Mortality | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.00 |
Anesthetic outcome | |||
Anesthesia time (min) | 138.3 ± 78.1 | 148.4 ± 68.8 | 0.27 |
Intubation case | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.0%) | 0.34 |
Desaturation | 25 (12.8%) | 4 (4.0%) | 0.02 |
Hypotension | 26 (13.3%) | 8 (7.9%) | 0.25 |
Bradycardia | 8 (4.1%) | 3 (3.0%) | 0.76 |
Recovery time (min)a
| 180 (100–360) | 90 (0–180) | <0.001 |
Aspiration pneumonia | 2 (1.0%) | 2 (2.0%) | 0.61 |
Economic outcome | |||
Hospitalization period (day) | 11.3 ± 5.0 | 10.3 ± 4.6 | 0.09 |
Cost of hospitalization (1,000yen) | 583.8 ± 273.1 | 649.4 ± 160.1 | 0.03 |