Correction to: Neurol Ther (2022) 11:413–434 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40120-022-00326-y
Results
Sample Overview
Scale | Item | PLS coefficient (weighting factor) | |
---|---|---|---|
Name | Possible score | ||
ADAS-Cog | Delayed word recall | 0–10 | 0.008 |
Orientation | 0–8 | 0.017 | |
Word recognition | 0–12 | 0.004 | |
Word-finding difficulty | 0–5 | 0.016 | |
MMSE | Orientation to time | 0–5 | 0.042 |
Drawing | 0–1 | 0.038 | |
CDR-SB | Personal care | 0–3 | 0.054 |
Community affairs | 0–3 | 0.109 | |
Home and hobbies | 0–3 | 0.089 | |
Judgement and problem solving | 0–3 | 0.069 | |
Memory | 0–3 | 0.059 | |
Orientation | 0–3 | 0.078 |
Total population | Positive amyloid β confirmation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cognitively normal Baseline (n = 777) | MCI Baseline (n = 938) | AD Dementia (any) Baseline (n = 358) | Cognitively normal Baseline (n = 191) | MCI Baseline (n = 441) | AD Dementia (any) Baseline (n = 224) | |
Age at baseline, years | ||||||
Mean (SD) | 73.1 (6.1) | 73.0 (7.6) | 74.9 (7.9) * | 74.5 (6.2) | 73.3 (7.2) | 73.9 (8.1) |
Range | 56 to 90 | 54 to 91 | 55 to 91 | 57 to 90 | 54 to 91 | 55 to 90 |
Female gender identity, n (%) | 428 (55.1) * | 381 (40.6) | 159 (44.4) | 109 (57.1)* | 176 (39.9) | 99 (44.2) |
Education level, years | ||||||
Mean (SD) | 16.6 (2.6) * | 15.9 (2.8) | 15.2 (3.0) * | 16.5 (2.7) | 16.1 (2.8) | 15.5 (2.8) |
Range | 6 to 20 | 4 to 20 | 4 to 20 | 6 to 20 | 6 to 20 | 8 to 20 |
ADCOMS (0 to 1.97)a | ||||||
Baseline | n = 777 | n = 938 | n = 358 | n = 191 | n = 441 | n = 224 |
Mean (SD) | 0.05 (0.03) * | 0.20 (0.10) | 0.57 (0.19) * | 0.05 (0.03)* | 0.21 (0.10) | 0.58 (0.19)* |
Range | 0 to 0.20 | 0.03 to 0.58 | 0.15 to 1.17 | 0 to 0.20 | 0.04 to 0.57 | 0.17 to 1.10 |
Change from baseline at month 24 | ||||||
Same baseline diagnosis | n = 406 | n = 452 | n = 159 | n = 112 | n = 207 | n = 94 |
Mean (SD) | 0.01 (0.05) | 0.04 (0.11) | 0.37 (0.27) | 0.01 (0.05) | 0.05 (0.11) | 0.38 (0.29) |
Range | − 0.15 to 0.31 | − 0.27 to 0.56 | − 0.21 to 1.10 | − 0.15 to 0.26 | − 0.19 to 0.43 | − 0.21 to 1.10 |
Progressed to another diagnosis | n = 31 | n = 177 | – | n = 20 | n = 113 | – |
Mean (SD) | 0.12 (0.16) | 0.34 (0.19) | – | 0.10 (0.14) | 0.33 (0.19) | – |
Range | − 0.03 to 0.59 | − 0.19 to 1.25 | – | − 0.03 to 0.51 | − 0.19 to 1.25 | – |
CDR global score (0 to 3)a | ||||||
Baseline | n = 777 | n = 938 | n = 358 | n = 191 | n = 441 | n = 224 |
Mean (SD) | 0.00 (0.03) * | 0.50 (0.04) | 0.76 (0.26) * | 0 (0)a | 0.50 (0.04) | 0.77 (0.26)* |
Range | 0 to 0.5 | 0 to 1 | 0.5 to 2 | 0 | 0 to 1 | 0.5 to 2 |
Change from baseline at month 24 | ||||||
Same baseline diagnosis | n = 406 | n = 453 | n = 159 | n = 112 | n = 207 | n = 94 |
Mean (SD) | 0.04 (0.13) | − 0.02 (0.14) | 0.48 (0.56) | 0.07 (0.18) | − 0.01 (0.15) | 0.47 (0.56) |
Range | 0 to 0.5 | − 0.5 to 0.5 | − 0.5 to 2 | 0 to 0.5 | − 0.5 to 0.5 | − 0.5 to 2 |
Progressed to another diagnosis | n = 31 | n = 177 | – | n = 20 | n = 113 | – |
Mean (SD) | 0.45 (0.24) | 0.34 (0.36) | – | 0.43 (0.18) | 0.32 (0.32) | – |
Range | 0 to 1 | − 0.5 to 1.5 | – | 0 to 0.5 | − 0.5 to 1.5 | – |
CDR-SB (0 to 18)a | ||||||
Baseline | n = 779 | n = 939 | n = 360 | n = 191 | n = 441 | n = 224 |
Mean (SD) | 0.04 (0.13) * | 1.50 (0.88) | 4.40 (1.68) * | 0.05 (0.16)* | 1.56 (0.9) | 4.44 (1.61)* |
Range | 0 to 1 | 0 to 5.5 | 1 to 10 | 0 to 1 | 0 to 5.5 | 1 to 10 |
Change from baseline at month 24 | ||||||
Same baseline diagnosis | n = 406 | n = 453 | n = 159 | n = 112 | n = 207 | n = 94 |
Mean (SD) | 0.08 (0.38) | 0.27 (0.98) | 3.17 (2.58) | 0.12 (0.42) | 0.36 (0.99) | 3.23 (2.71) |
Range | − 1 to 3.5 | − 3 to 5.5 | − 2 to 11 | − 1 to 2 | − 2 to 3.5 | − 2 to 11 |
Progressed to another diagnosis | n = 31 | n = 177 | – | n = 20 | n = 113 | – |
Mean (SD) | 1.31 (1.41) | 2.97 (1.82) | – | 1.08 (1.05) | 2.88 (1.80) | – |
Range | 0 to 5 | − 3 to 10 | – | 0 to 4 | − 3 to 10 | – |
ADAS-Cog (0 to 70)a | ||||||
Baseline | n = 776 | n = 938 | n = 358 | n = 191 | n = 441 | n = 224 |
Mean (SD) | 6.85 (3.13) * | 10.42 (4.59) | 19.70 (6.72) * | 6.52 (3.09)* | 11.05 (4.70) | 20.25 (6.97)* |
Range | 0 to 19.33 | 1 to 27.67 | 7.3 to 42.67 | 0 to 16.33 | 1.00 to 27.00 | 8.67 to 42.67 |
Change from baseline at month 24 | ||||||
Same baseline diagnosis | n = 405 | n = 453 | n = 159 | n = 112 | n = 207 | n = 94 |
Mean (SD) | − 0.31 (2.83) | 0.45 (3.88) | 9.10 (8.24) | − 0.34 (2.65) | 0.75 (4.41) | 9.01 (7.97) |
Range | − 9.7 to 10.3 | − 11 to 20.7 | − 6 to 32.3 | − 7 to 6.7 | − 11 to 20.7 | − 6 to 31 |
Progressed to another diagnosis | n = 31 | n = 177 | – | n = 20 | n = 113 | – |
Mean (SD) | 0.82 (3.48) | 5.69 (6.10) | – | 0.63 (3.52) | 5.55 (5.86) | – |
Range | − 5 to 7 | − 7 to 39 | – | − 5 to 7 | − 5.3 to 32.3 | – |
MMSE (0 to 30)a | ||||||
Baseline | n = 778 | n = 939 | n = 360 | n = 191 | n = 441 | n = 224 |
Mean (SD) | 29.08 (1.10) * | 27.62 (1.83) | 23.20 (2.09) * | 29.08 (1.14)* | 27.49 (1.86) | 23.17 (2.03)* |
Range | 24 to 30 | 19 to 30 | 18 to 29 | 24 to 30 | 23 to 30 | 19 to 27 |
Change from baseline at month 24 | ||||||
Same baseline diagnosis | n = 406 | n = 453 | n = 159 | n = 112 | n = 207 | n = 94 |
Mean (SD) | − 0.05 (1.36) | − 0.42 (2.26) | − 4.24 (4.81) | − 0.33 (1.43) | − 0.87 (2.54) | − 4.34 (4.67) |
Range | − 4 to 4 | − 17 to 6 | − 21 to 5 | − 4 to 3 | − 17 to 6 | − 21 to 4 |
Progressed to another diagnosis | n = 31 | n = 177 | – | n = 20 | n = 113 | – |
Mean (SD) | − 1.29 (1.78) | − 3.89 (3.40) | – | − 1.20 (1.58) | − 3.45 (3.31) | – |
Range | − 4 to 2 | − 19 to 5 | – | − 4 to 2 | − 19 to 5 | – |
Optimal cut point score | Area under the curve | χ2 test of equality, p value | Correctly classified, % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total population | ||||
Cognitively normal and MCIa | ||||
CDR global (0 and 0.5) | 0.10 | 0.976 | 0.157 | 91 |
CDR-SB (0 and 0.5–4.0) | 0.08 | 0.976 | 0.360 | 93 |
ADAS-Cog (< 8 and 8–15) | 0.11 | 0.811 | 0.210 | 72 |
MCI and mild AD | ||||
CDR global (0.5 and 1) | 0.44–0.47b | 0.993 | 0.037 | 91–96c |
CDR-SB (0.5–4.0 and 4.5–9.0) | 0.47 | 0.995 | 0.046 | 96 |
ADAS-Cog (8–15 and 16–32) | 0.27–0.31b | 0.871 | 0.013 | 81–82c |
MMSE (≥ 26 and 21–25) | 0.23 | 0.912 | 0.638 | 82 |
Mild AD and moderate ADd | ||||
ADAS-Cog (16–32 and ≥ 33) | 0.69 | 0.913 | 0.606 | 82 |
MMSE (21–25 and 11–20) | 0.62 | 0.864 | 0.536 | 79 |
Confirmed positive amyloid β population | ||||
Cognitively normal and MCIa | ||||
CDR global (0 and 0.5) | 0.10 | 0.976 | 0.468 | 91 |
CDR-SB (0 and 0.5–4.0) | 0.08 | 0.980 | 0.494 | 93 |
ADAS-Cog (< 8 and 8–15) | 0.11 | 0.826 | 0.809 | 76 |
MCI and mild AD | ||||
CDR global (0.5 and 1) | 0.47 | 0.995 | 0.048 | 95 |
CDR-SB (0.5–4.0 and 4.5–9.0) | 0.47 | 0.995 | 0.093 | 96 |
ADAS-Cog (8–15 and 16–32) | 0.33 | 0.872 | 0.620 | 81 |
MMSE (≥ 26 and 21–25) | 0.34 | 0.907 | 0.428 | 87 |
Mild AD and moderate ADd | ||||
ADAS-Cog (16–32 and ≥ 33) | 0.69 | 0.881 | 0.981 | 79 |
MMSE (21–25 and 11–20) | 0.62 | 0.823 | 0.606 | 75 |
Optimal cut point score | Area under the curve | χ2 test of equality, p value | Correctly classified, % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total population | ||||
Cognitively normal and MCIa | ||||
CDR global (0 and 0.5) | 0.08 | 0.942 | 0.114 | 86 |
CDR-SB (0 and 0.5–4.0) | 0.08 | 0.936 | 0.017 | 85 |
ADAS-Cog (< 8 and 8–15) | 0.10 | 0.871 | 0.782 | 79 |
MCI and mild AD | ||||
CDR global (0.5 and 1) | 0.49 | 0.986 | 0.391 | 94 |
CDR-SB (0.5–4.0 and 4.5–9.0) | 0.49 | 0.992 | 0.111 | 94 |
ADAS-Cog (8–15 and 16–32) | 0.46 | 0.913 | 0.379 | 85 |
MMSE (≥ 26 and 21–25) | 0.29 | 0.920 | 0.854 | 88 |
Mild AD and moderate AD | ||||
CDR global (1 and 2) | 0.97 | 0.986 | 0.811 | 91 |
CDR-SB (4.5–9.0 and 9.5–15.5) | 1.03 | 0.984 | 0.862 | 92 |
ADAS-Cog (16–32 and ≥ 33) | 0.91 | 0.917 | 0.337 | 81 |
MMSE (21–25 and 11–20) | 0.77 | 0.871 | 0.377 | 79 |
Confirmed positive amyloid β population | ||||
Cognitively normal and MCIa | ||||
CDR global (0 and 0.5) | 0.09 | 0.947 | 0.395 | 87 |
CDR-SB (0 and 0.5–4.0) | 0.08 | 0.939 | 0.057 | 87 |
ADAS-Cog (< 8 and 8–15) | 0.11 | 0.869 | 0.393 | 81 |
MCI and mild AD | ||||
CDR global (0.5 and 1) | 0.49 | 0.975 | 0.819 | 92 |
CDR-SB (0.5–4.0 and 4.5–9.0) | 0.49 | 0.988 | 0.418 | 93 |
ADAS-Cog (8–15 and 16–32) | 0.46 | 0.893 | 0.893 | 84 |
MMSE (≥ 26 and 21–25) | 0.29 | 0.884 | 0.285 | 82 |
Mild AD and moderate AD | ||||
CDR global (1 and 2) | 1.13 | 0.997 | 0.374 | 98 |
CDR-SB (4.5–9.0 and 9.5–15.5) | 1.13 | 0.995 | 0.914 | 96 |
ADAS-Cog (16–32 and ≥ 33) | 0.98 | 0.942 | 0.095 | 87 |
MMSE (21–25 and 11–20) | 0.69 | 0.883 | 0.204 | 79 |
Normal cognition (ADCOMS < 0.11) N = 946 | MCI (ADCOMS > 0.11 and < 0.31) N = 679 | Mild AD (ADCOMS ≥ 0.31 and < 0.77 N = 412 | Moderate/severe AD ADCOMS ≥ 0.77) N = 59 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
CSF Tau (pg/ml) | ||||
N | 491 | 431 | 251 | 40 |
Mean (SD) | 237.7 (96.0)a | 290.8 (128.6)a | 361.1 (154.5)b | 391.0 (142.1) |
CSF P-tau181 (pg/ml) | ||||
N | 491 | 431 | 251 | 40 |
Mean (SD) | 21.9 (10.0)a | 28.3 (14.6)a | 36.2 (16.8)b | 37.9 (14.2) |
CSF Amyloid β1–42 (pg/ml) | ||||
N | 491 | 431 | 251 | 40 |
Mean (SD) | 1181.9 (440.6)a | 964.0 (439.3)a | 670.1 (303.5)b | 622.7 (288.4) |
APOE4 carrier | ||||
N | 671 | 614 | 381 | 56 |
Yes: n (%) | 19 (2.8)a | 73 (11.9)a | 68 (17.9)c | 11 (19.6) |