Development of the sensorimotor cortex in the human fetus: a morphological description

Twenty-one human fetal brains from 13 to 28 gestational weeks were studied macroscopically to describe the morphological stages of sulcal and gyral development in the sensorimotor cortex. In particular, the morphological appearance of the pericentral lateral cortex (sensorimotor cortex) and opercula was noted, as well as the vascularization of these regions. The central cerebral sulci were the first macroscopical structures to be identified on the lateral surface of the human cerebral hemisphere. Four chronological stages of sensorimotor cortex development were defined: stage 1: appearance at 18–19 gestational weeks (GWs) of the inferior part of the central cerebral sulcus; stage 2: development of the pericentral lateral regions and the beginning of opercularization at 20–22 GWs; stage 3: development of parietal and temporal cortices and the covering of the postcentral insular region at 24–26 GWs; and finally stage 4: maturation of the central cerebral regions at 27–28 GWs. These observations indicate the concomitance in the initiation of maturation of the pericentral cerebral cortices.