Skip to main content
Erschienen in: InFo Neurologie + Psychiatrie 11/2021

19.11.2021 | Apoplex | Zertifizierte Fortbildung Neurologie

Akut symptomatisch versus unprovoziert

Epileptische Anfälle bei Schlaganfall

verfasst von: Dr. Dr. med. Steffen Tiedt

Erschienen in: InFo Neurologie + Psychiatrie | Ausgabe 11/2021

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Auszug

Epileptische Anfälle sind eine häufige und relevante Komplikation nach Schlaganfall, die mit einem langfristig schlechteren funktionellen Status der Patienten einhergehen. Akut symptomatische Anfälle innerhalb der ersten sieben Tage nach Schlaganfall grenzen sich pathophysiologisch von später auftretenden unprovozierten Anfällen ab, die eine Epilepsie definieren und sekundärprophylaktisch behandelt werden sollten. Das individuelle Risiko für eine Epilepsie nach Schlaganfall kann mittels eines Scores gut vorhergesagt werden. In einer präziser werdenden Medizin könnten genetische Informationen sowie bildgebende und zirkulierende Biomarker die Vorhersagegenauigkeit weiter verbessern, um Patienten zukünftig für eine Primärprophylaxe auswählen zu können.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang JZ, Vyas MV, Saposnik G, Burneo JG. Incidence and management of seizures after ischemic stroke: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurology 2017;89(12):1220-8 Wang JZ, Vyas MV, Saposnik G, Burneo JG. Incidence and management of seizures after ischemic stroke: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurology 2017;89(12):1220-8
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Law ZK, England TJ, Mistri AK, Woodhouse LJ, Cala L, Dineen R, et al. Incidence and predictors of early seizures in intracerebral haemorrhage and the effect of tranexamic acid. Eur Stroke J 2020;5(2):123-9 Law ZK, England TJ, Mistri AK, Woodhouse LJ, Cala L, Dineen R, et al. Incidence and predictors of early seizures in intracerebral haemorrhage and the effect of tranexamic acid. Eur Stroke J 2020;5(2):123-9
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Rhoney DH, Tipps LB, Murry KR, Basham MC, Michael DB, Coplin WM. Anticonvulsant prophylaxis and timing of seizures after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurology 2000;55(2):258-65 Rhoney DH, Tipps LB, Murry KR, Basham MC, Michael DB, Coplin WM. Anticonvulsant prophylaxis and timing of seizures after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurology 2000;55(2):258-65
4.
Zurück zum Zitat De Marchis GM, Pugin D, Meyers E, Velasquez A, Suwatcharangkoon S, Park S, et al. Seizure burden in subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with functional and cognitive outcome. Neurology 2016;86(3):253-60 De Marchis GM, Pugin D, Meyers E, Velasquez A, Suwatcharangkoon S, Park S, et al. Seizure burden in subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with functional and cognitive outcome. Neurology 2016;86(3):253-60
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferro JM, Canhao P, Bousser MG, Stam J, Barinagarrementeria F, Investigators I. Early seizures in cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis: risk factors and role of antiepileptics. Stroke 2008;39(4):1152-8 Ferro JM, Canhao P, Bousser MG, Stam J, Barinagarrementeria F, Investigators I. Early seizures in cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis: risk factors and role of antiepileptics. Stroke 2008;39(4):1152-8
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Gerner ST, Reichl J, Custal C, Brandner S, Eyupoglu IY, Lucking H, et al. Long-Term Complications and Influence on Outcome in Patients Surviving Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Cerebrovascular diseases 2020;49(3):307-15 Gerner ST, Reichl J, Custal C, Brandner S, Eyupoglu IY, Lucking H, et al. Long-Term Complications and Influence on Outcome in Patients Surviving Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Cerebrovascular diseases 2020;49(3):307-15
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Roivainen R, Haapaniemi E, Putaala J, Kaste M, Tatlisumak T. Young adult ischaemic stroke related acute symptomatic and late seizures: risk factors. European journal of neurology 2013;20(9):1247-55 Roivainen R, Haapaniemi E, Putaala J, Kaste M, Tatlisumak T. Young adult ischaemic stroke related acute symptomatic and late seizures: risk factors. European journal of neurology 2013;20(9):1247-55
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang C, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhang JG, Hu W, Ge M et al. Risk factors for post-stroke seizures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsy Res 2014;108(10):1806-16 Zhang C, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhang JG, Hu W, Ge M et al. Risk factors for post-stroke seizures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsy Res 2014;108(10):1806-16
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Fisher RS, Acevedo C, Arzimanoglou A, Bogacz A, Cross JH, Elger CE et al. ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy. Epilepsia 2014;55(4):475-82 Fisher RS, Acevedo C, Arzimanoglou A, Bogacz A, Cross JH, Elger CE et al. ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy. Epilepsia 2014;55(4):475-82
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Beghi E, Carpio A, Forsgren L, Hesdorffer DC, Malmgren K, Sander JW et al. Recommendation for a definition of acute symptomatic seizure. Epilepsia 2010;51(4):671-5 Beghi E, Carpio A, Forsgren L, Hesdorffer DC, Malmgren K, Sander JW et al. Recommendation for a definition of acute symptomatic seizure. Epilepsia 2010;51(4):671-5
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Hesdorffer DC, Logroscino G, Cascino G, Annegers JF, Hauser WA. Risk of unprovoked seizure after acute symptomatic seizure: effect of status epilepticus. Annals of neurology 1998;44(6):908-12 Hesdorffer DC, Logroscino G, Cascino G, Annegers JF, Hauser WA. Risk of unprovoked seizure after acute symptomatic seizure: effect of status epilepticus. Annals of neurology 1998;44(6):908-12
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Kammersgaard LP, Olsen TS. Poststroke epilepsy in the Copenhagen stroke study: incidence and predictors. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2005;14(5):210-4 Kammersgaard LP, Olsen TS. Poststroke epilepsy in the Copenhagen stroke study: incidence and predictors. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2005;14(5):210-4
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Hesdorffer DC, Benn EK, Cascino GD, Hauser WA. Is a first acute symptomatic seizure epilepsy? Mortality and risk for recurrent seizure. Epilepsia 2009;50(5):1102-8 Hesdorffer DC, Benn EK, Cascino GD, Hauser WA. Is a first acute symptomatic seizure epilepsy? Mortality and risk for recurrent seizure. Epilepsia 2009;50(5):1102-8
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Olafsson E, Ludvigsson P, Gudmundsson G, Hesdorffer D, Kjartansson O, Hauser WA. Incidence of unprovoked seizures and epilepsy in Iceland and assessment of the epilepsy syndrome classification: a prospective study. Lancet neurology 2005;4(10):627-34 Olafsson E, Ludvigsson P, Gudmundsson G, Hesdorffer D, Kjartansson O, Hauser WA. Incidence of unprovoked seizures and epilepsy in Iceland and assessment of the epilepsy syndrome classification: a prospective study. Lancet neurology 2005;4(10):627-34
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Feyissa AM, Hasan TF, Meschia JF. Stroke-related epilepsy. European journal of neurology 2019;26(1):18-e3 Feyissa AM, Hasan TF, Meschia JF. Stroke-related epilepsy. European journal of neurology 2019;26(1):18-e3
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Patel DC, Tewari BP, Chaunsali L, Sontheimer H. Neuron-glia interactions in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Nature reviews Neuroscience 2019;20(5):282-97 Patel DC, Tewari BP, Chaunsali L, Sontheimer H. Neuron-glia interactions in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Nature reviews Neuroscience 2019;20(5):282-97
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Pitkanen A, Lukasiuk K. Mechanisms of epileptogenesis and potential treatment targets. Lancet neurology 2011;10(2):173-86 Pitkanen A, Lukasiuk K. Mechanisms of epileptogenesis and potential treatment targets. Lancet neurology 2011;10(2):173-86
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang Y, Estrada EY, Thompson JF, Liu W, Rosenberg GA. Matrix metalloproteinase-mediated disruption of tight junction proteins in cerebral vessels is reversed by synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor in focal ischemia in rat. JCBFM 2007;27(4):697-709 Yang Y, Estrada EY, Thompson JF, Liu W, Rosenberg GA. Matrix metalloproteinase-mediated disruption of tight junction proteins in cerebral vessels is reversed by synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor in focal ischemia in rat. JCBFM 2007;27(4):697-709
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Ivens S, Kaufer D, Flores LP, Bechmann I, Zumsteg D, Tomkins O, et al. TGF-beta receptor-mediated albumin uptake into astrocytes is involved in neocortical epileptogenesis. Brain : a journal of neurology 2007;130(Pt 2):535-47 Ivens S, Kaufer D, Flores LP, Bechmann I, Zumsteg D, Tomkins O, et al. TGF-beta receptor-mediated albumin uptake into astrocytes is involved in neocortical epileptogenesis. Brain : a journal of neurology 2007;130(Pt 2):535-47
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Paz JT, Davidson TJ, Frechette ES, Delord B, Parada I, Peng K, et al. Closed-loop optogenetic control of thalamus as a tool for interrupting seizures after cortical injury. Nature neuroscience 2013;16(1):64-70 Paz JT, Davidson TJ, Frechette ES, Delord B, Parada I, Peng K, et al. Closed-loop optogenetic control of thalamus as a tool for interrupting seizures after cortical injury. Nature neuroscience 2013;16(1):64-70
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Ruber T, David B, Luchters G, Nass RD, Friedman A, Surges R, et al. Evidence for peri-ictal blood-brain barrier dysfunction in patients with epilepsy. Brain 2018;141(10):2952-65 Ruber T, David B, Luchters G, Nass RD, Friedman A, Surges R, et al. Evidence for peri-ictal blood-brain barrier dysfunction in patients with epilepsy. Brain 2018;141(10):2952-65
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Loscher W, Friedman A. Structural, Molecular, and Functional Alterations of the Blood-Brain Barrier during Epileptogenesis and Epilepsy: A Cause, Consequence, or Both? Int J Mol Sci 2020;21(2): 591 Loscher W, Friedman A. Structural, Molecular, and Functional Alterations of the Blood-Brain Barrier during Epileptogenesis and Epilepsy: A Cause, Consequence, or Both? Int J Mol Sci 2020;21(2): 591
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Rempe RG, Hartz AMS, Soldner ELB, Sokola BS, Alluri SR, Abner EL et al. Matrix Metalloproteinase-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Epilepsy. J Neurosci 2;38(18):4301-15. Rempe RG, Hartz AMS, Soldner ELB, Sokola BS, Alluri SR, Abner EL et al. Matrix Metalloproteinase-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Epilepsy. J Neurosci 2;38(18):4301-15.
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang CW, Saposnik G, Fang J, Steven DA, Burneo JG. Influence of seizures on stroke outcomes: a large multicenter study. Neurology 2014;82(9):768-76 Huang CW, Saposnik G, Fang J, Steven DA, Burneo JG. Influence of seizures on stroke outcomes: a large multicenter study. Neurology 2014;82(9):768-76
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Arntz RM, Maaijwee NA, Rutten-Jacobs LC, Schoonderwaldt HC, Dorresteijn LD, van Dijk EJ et al. Epilepsy after TIA or stroke in young patients impairs long-term functional outcome: the FUTURE Study. Neurology 2013;81(22):1907-13 Arntz RM, Maaijwee NA, Rutten-Jacobs LC, Schoonderwaldt HC, Dorresteijn LD, van Dijk EJ et al. Epilepsy after TIA or stroke in young patients impairs long-term functional outcome: the FUTURE Study. Neurology 2013;81(22):1907-13
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Pitkanen A, Roivainen R, Lukasiuk K. Development of epilepsy after ischaemic stroke. Lancet neurology 2016;15(2):185-97 Pitkanen A, Roivainen R, Lukasiuk K. Development of epilepsy after ischaemic stroke. Lancet neurology 2016;15(2):185-97
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Gasparini S, Ferlazzo E, Beghi E, Sofia V, Mumoli L, Labate A, et al. Epilepsy associated with Leukoaraiosis mainly affects temporal lobe: a casual or causal relationship? Epilepsy Res 2015;109:1-8 Gasparini S, Ferlazzo E, Beghi E, Sofia V, Mumoli L, Labate A, et al. Epilepsy associated with Leukoaraiosis mainly affects temporal lobe: a casual or causal relationship? Epilepsy Res 2015;109:1-8
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Marchi N, Granata T, Ghosh C, Janigro D. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction and epilepsy: pathophysiologic role and therapeutic approaches. Epilepsia 2012;53(11):1877-86 Marchi N, Granata T, Ghosh C, Janigro D. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction and epilepsy: pathophysiologic role and therapeutic approaches. Epilepsia 2012;53(11):1877-86
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Ifergan I, Wosik K, Cayrol R, Kebir H, Auger C, Bernard M, et al. Statins reduce human blood-brain barrier permeability and restrict leukocyte migration: relevance to multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2006;60(1):45-55 Ifergan I, Wosik K, Cayrol R, Kebir H, Auger C, Bernard M, et al. Statins reduce human blood-brain barrier permeability and restrict leukocyte migration: relevance to multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2006;60(1):45-55
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Guo J et al. Statin treatment reduces the risk of poststroke seizures. Neurology 2015;85(8):701-7 Guo J et al. Statin treatment reduces the risk of poststroke seizures. Neurology 2015;85(8):701-7
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Bladin CF, Alexandrov AV, Bellavance A, Bornstein N, Chambers B, Cote R, et al. Seizures after stroke: a prospective multicenter study. Arch Neurol 2000;57(11):1617-22 Bladin CF, Alexandrov AV, Bellavance A, Bornstein N, Chambers B, Cote R, et al. Seizures after stroke: a prospective multicenter study. Arch Neurol 2000;57(11):1617-22
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Lamy C, Domigo V, Semah F, Arquizan C, Trystram D, Coste J et al. Early and late seizures after cryptogenic ischemic stroke in young adults. Neurology 2003;60(3):400-4 Lamy C, Domigo V, Semah F, Arquizan C, Trystram D, Coste J et al. Early and late seizures after cryptogenic ischemic stroke in young adults. Neurology 2003;60(3):400-4
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Alberti A, Paciaroni M, Caso V, Venti M, Palmerini F, Agnelli G. Early seizures in patients with acute stroke: frequency, predictive factors, and effect on clinical outcome. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2008;4(3):715-20 Alberti A, Paciaroni M, Caso V, Venti M, Palmerini F, Agnelli G. Early seizures in patients with acute stroke: frequency, predictive factors, and effect on clinical outcome. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2008;4(3):715-20
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Graham NS, Crichton S, Koutroumanidis M, Wolfe CD, Rudd AG. Incidence and associations of poststroke epilepsy: the prospective South London Stroke Register. Stroke 2013;44(3):605-11 Graham NS, Crichton S, Koutroumanidis M, Wolfe CD, Rudd AG. Incidence and associations of poststroke epilepsy: the prospective South London Stroke Register. Stroke 2013;44(3):605-11
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Eriksson H, Wirdefeldt K, Asberg S, Zelano J. Family history increases the risk of late seizures after stroke. Neurology. 2019;93(21):e1964-e70. Eriksson H, Wirdefeldt K, Asberg S, Zelano J. Family history increases the risk of late seizures after stroke. Neurology. 2019;93(21):e1964-e70.
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Galovic M, Dohler N, Erdelyi-Canavese B, Felbecker A, Siebel P, Conrad J et al. Prediction of late seizures after ischaemic stroke with a novel prognostic model (the SeLECT score): a multivariable prediction model development and validation study. Lancet neurol 2018;17(2):143-52 Galovic M, Dohler N, Erdelyi-Canavese B, Felbecker A, Siebel P, Conrad J et al. Prediction of late seizures after ischaemic stroke with a novel prognostic model (the SeLECT score): a multivariable prediction model development and validation study. Lancet neurol 2018;17(2):143-52
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Benninger F, Holtkamp M. [Epileptic seizures and epilepsy after a stroke : Incidence, prevention and treatment]. Der Nervenarzt 2017;88(10):1197-207 Benninger F, Holtkamp M. [Epileptic seizures and epilepsy after a stroke : Incidence, prevention and treatment]. Der Nervenarzt 2017;88(10):1197-207
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Bentes C, Martins H, Peralta AR, Morgado C, Casimiro C, Franco AC, et al. Early EEG predicts poststroke epilepsy. Epilepsia Open 2018;3(2):203-12 Bentes C, Martins H, Peralta AR, Morgado C, Casimiro C, Franco AC, et al. Early EEG predicts poststroke epilepsy. Epilepsia Open 2018;3(2):203-12
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Doerrfuss JI, Kilic T, Ahmadi M, Holtkamp M, Weber JE. Quantitative and Qualitative EEG as a Prediction Tool for Outcome and Complications in Acute Stroke Patients. Clin EEG Neurosci 2020;51(2):121-9 Doerrfuss JI, Kilic T, Ahmadi M, Holtkamp M, Weber JE. Quantitative and Qualitative EEG as a Prediction Tool for Outcome and Complications in Acute Stroke Patients. Clin EEG Neurosci 2020;51(2):121-9
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Bentes C, Rodrigues FB, Sousa D, Duarte GS, Franco AC, Marques R, et al. Frequency of post-stroke electroencephalographic epileptiform activity - a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur Stroke J 2017;2(4):361-8 Bentes C, Rodrigues FB, Sousa D, Duarte GS, Franco AC, Marques R, et al. Frequency of post-stroke electroencephalographic epileptiform activity - a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur Stroke J 2017;2(4):361-8
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Claassen J, Mayer SA, Kowalski RG, Emerson RG, Hirsch LJ. Detection of electrographic seizures with continuous EEG monitoring in critically ill patients. Neurology 2004;62(10):1743-8 Claassen J, Mayer SA, Kowalski RG, Emerson RG, Hirsch LJ. Detection of electrographic seizures with continuous EEG monitoring in critically ill patients. Neurology 2004;62(10):1743-8
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Fukuma K, Kajimoto K, Tanaka T, Takaya S, Kobayashi K, Shimotake A et al. Visualizing prolonged hyperperfusion in post-stroke epilepsy using postictal subtraction SPECT. JCBFM 2021;41(1):146-56 Fukuma K, Kajimoto K, Tanaka T, Takaya S, Kobayashi K, Shimotake A et al. Visualizing prolonged hyperperfusion in post-stroke epilepsy using postictal subtraction SPECT. JCBFM 2021;41(1):146-56
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Holtkamp M, Beghi E, Benninger F, Kalviainen R, Rocamora R, Christensen H, et al. European Stroke Organisation guidelines for the management of post-stroke seizures and epilepsy. Eur Stroke J 2017;2(2):103-15 Holtkamp M, Beghi E, Benninger F, Kalviainen R, Rocamora R, Christensen H, et al. European Stroke Organisation guidelines for the management of post-stroke seizures and epilepsy. Eur Stroke J 2017;2(2):103-15
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Elger CE, Berkenfeld R et al. S1-Leitlinie Erster epileptischer Anfall und Epilepsien im Erwachsenenalter. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie, Hrsg Leitlinien für Diagnostik und Therapie in der Neurologie. 2017; Online: www.dgn.org/leitlinien (abgerufen am 24.04.2021). Elger CE, Berkenfeld R et al. S1-Leitlinie Erster epileptischer Anfall und Epilepsien im Erwachsenenalter. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie, Hrsg Leitlinien für Diagnostik und Therapie in der Neurologie. 2017; Online: www.dgn.org/leitlinien (abgerufen am 24.04.2021).
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Gilad R, Sadeh M, Rapoport A, Dabby R, Boaz M, Lampl Y. Monotherapy of lamotrigine versus carbamazepine in patients with poststroke seizure. Clin Neuropharmacol 2007;30(4):189-95 Gilad R, Sadeh M, Rapoport A, Dabby R, Boaz M, Lampl Y. Monotherapy of lamotrigine versus carbamazepine in patients with poststroke seizure. Clin Neuropharmacol 2007;30(4):189-95
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Consoli D, Bosco D, Postorino P, Galati F, Plastino M, Perticoni GF et al. Levetiracetam versus carbamazepine in patients with late poststroke seizures: a multicenter prospective randomized open-label study (EpIC Project). Cerebrovascular dis 2012;34(4):282-9 Consoli D, Bosco D, Postorino P, Galati F, Plastino M, Perticoni GF et al. Levetiracetam versus carbamazepine in patients with late poststroke seizures: a multicenter prospective randomized open-label study (EpIC Project). Cerebrovascular dis 2012;34(4):282-9
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Lamberink HJ, Otte WM, Geerts AT, Pavlovic M, Ramos-Lizana J, Marson AG et al. Individualised prediction model of seizure recurrence and long-term outcomes after withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs in seizure-free patients: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. Lancet neurol 2017;16(7):523-31 Lamberink HJ, Otte WM, Geerts AT, Pavlovic M, Ramos-Lizana J, Marson AG et al. Individualised prediction model of seizure recurrence and long-term outcomes after withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs in seizure-free patients: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. Lancet neurol 2017;16(7):523-31
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Kwan P, Brodie MJ. Early identification of refractory epilepsy. N Engl J Med 2000;342(5):314-9 Kwan P, Brodie MJ. Early identification of refractory epilepsy. N Engl J Med 2000;342(5):314-9
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Volk HA, Loscher W. Multidrug resistance in epilepsy: rats with drug-resistant seizures exhibit enhanced brain expression of P-glycoprotein compared with rats with drug-responsive seizures. Brain 2005;128(Pt 6):1358-68. Volk HA, Loscher W. Multidrug resistance in epilepsy: rats with drug-resistant seizures exhibit enhanced brain expression of P-glycoprotein compared with rats with drug-responsive seizures. Brain 2005;128(Pt 6):1358-68.
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Feldmann M, Asselin MC, Liu J, Wang S, McMahon A, Anton-Rodriguez J et al. P-glycoprotein expression and function in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: a case-control study. Lancet neurol 2013;12(8):777-85 Feldmann M, Asselin MC, Liu J, Wang S, McMahon A, Anton-Rodriguez J et al. P-glycoprotein expression and function in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: a case-control study. Lancet neurol 2013;12(8):777-85
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Burn J, Dennis M, Bamford J, Sandercock P, Wade D, Warlow C. Epileptic seizures after a first stroke: the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project. BMJ 1997;315(7122):1582-7 Burn J, Dennis M, Bamford J, Sandercock P, Wade D, Warlow C. Epileptic seizures after a first stroke: the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project. BMJ 1997;315(7122):1582-7
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Fabene PF, Navarro Mora G, Martinello M, Rossi B, Merigo F, Ottoboni L et al. A role for leukocyte-endothelial adhesion mechanisms in epilepsy. Nature med 2008;14(12):1377-83 Fabene PF, Navarro Mora G, Martinello M, Rossi B, Merigo F, Ottoboni L et al. A role for leukocyte-endothelial adhesion mechanisms in epilepsy. Nature med 2008;14(12):1377-83
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Varvel NH, Neher JJ, Bosch A, Wang W, Ransohoff RM, Miller RJ, et al. Infiltrating monocytes promote brain inflammation and exacerbate neuronal damage after status epilepticus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016;113(38):E5665-74 Varvel NH, Neher JJ, Bosch A, Wang W, Ransohoff RM, Miller RJ, et al. Infiltrating monocytes promote brain inflammation and exacerbate neuronal damage after status epilepticus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016;113(38):E5665-74
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Doeser A, Dickhof G, Reitze M, Uebachs M, Schaub C, Pires NM et al. Targeting pharmacoresistant epilepsy and epileptogenesis with a dual-purpose antiepileptic drug. Brain 2015;138(Pt 2):371-87 Doeser A, Dickhof G, Reitze M, Uebachs M, Schaub C, Pires NM et al. Targeting pharmacoresistant epilepsy and epileptogenesis with a dual-purpose antiepileptic drug. Brain 2015;138(Pt 2):371-87
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Simonato M, Agoston DV, Brooks-Kayal A, Dulla C, Fureman B, Henshall DC et al. Identification of clinically relevant biomarkers of epileptogenesis - a strategic roadmap. Nat Rev Neurol 2021;17(4):231-42 Simonato M, Agoston DV, Brooks-Kayal A, Dulla C, Fureman B, Henshall DC et al. Identification of clinically relevant biomarkers of epileptogenesis - a strategic roadmap. Nat Rev Neurol 2021;17(4):231-42
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Marx P, Hamann GF, Busse O, Mokrusch T, Niemann H, Vatter H et al. Fahreignung bei Hirngefäßerkrankungen. Herausgeber: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurowissenschaftliche Begutachtung (DGNB), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie (DGN), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurorehabilitation (DGNR), Deutsche Schlaganfall-Gesellschaft (DSG), Gesellschaft für Neuropsychologie (GNP). 2018; Online: www.dgnr.de (abgerufen am 24.04.2021). Marx P, Hamann GF, Busse O, Mokrusch T, Niemann H, Vatter H et al. Fahreignung bei Hirngefäßerkrankungen. Herausgeber: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurowissenschaftliche Begutachtung (DGNB), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie (DGN), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurorehabilitation (DGNR), Deutsche Schlaganfall-Gesellschaft (DSG), Gesellschaft für Neuropsychologie (GNP). 2018; Online: www.dgnr.de (abgerufen am 24.04.2021).
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Gräcmann N, Albrecht M. Begutachtungsleitlinien zur Kraftfahreignung. Herausgeber: Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen. 2019; Online: www.bast.de (abgerufen am 24.04.2021). Gräcmann N, Albrecht M. Begutachtungsleitlinien zur Kraftfahreignung. Herausgeber: Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen. 2019; Online: www.bast.de (abgerufen am 24.04.2021).
Metadaten
Titel
Akut symptomatisch versus unprovoziert
Epileptische Anfälle bei Schlaganfall
verfasst von
Dr. Dr. med. Steffen Tiedt
Publikationsdatum
19.11.2021
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
InFo Neurologie + Psychiatrie / Ausgabe 11/2021
Print ISSN: 1437-062X
Elektronische ISSN: 2195-5166
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s15005-021-2108-0

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 11/2021

InFo Neurologie + Psychiatrie 11/2021 Zur Ausgabe