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Erschienen in: Zeitschrift für Epileptologie 4/2019

01.08.2019 | Epilepsie | Leitthema

„Orphan drugs“ in der Epileptologie

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. med. Andreas Schulze-Bonhage

Erschienen in: Clinical Epileptology | Ausgabe 4/2019

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Als „orphan drugs“ werden Medikamente bezeichnet, die für Erkrankungen mit geringer Prävalenz zugelassen werden. Erleichterte und beschleunigte Zulassungsprozesse bei FDA (Food and Drug Administration) und EMA (European Medicines Agency) wurden eingerichtet, um die Verfügbarkeit wirksamer Therapien für Patienten mit seltenen Erkrankungen zu verbessern. Dieser Review-Artikel stellt die Situation von Orphan-drug-Therapien bei Epilepsien dar.

Ziel der Arbeit

Im Rahmen eines systematischen Reviews, basierend auf publizierten Artikeln und Unterlagen der Zulassungsbehörden, werden Zulassungsprozesse, zugelassene Substanzen und der Zulassung zugrunde liegende Evidenzgrade sowie gesundheitsökonomische Aspekte der „orphan drugs“ zur Behandlung von Epilepsien dargestellt.

Ergebnisse

Orphan-drug-Zulassungen sind in Europa bislang für das Dravet-Syndrom, das Lennox-Gastaut-Syndrom und für die tuberöse Sklerose erfolgt. Für alle „orphan drugs“ liegen randomisierte, kontrollierte Studien vor, die an kleinen Patientenpopulationen eine gegenüber Placebo überlegene Wirksamkeit im Indikationsgebiet belegen. Ein krankheitsspezifischer Wirkmechanismus ist lediglich bei Everolimus anzunehmen, das als mTOR-Inhibitor spezifisch in den Mechanismus der Epileptogenese bei tuberöser Sklerose eingreift.

Diskussion

Bislang haben nur wenige Antiepileptika den Weg einer Orphan-drug-Zulassung gewählt. Ihr Einsatz führt gegenüber Standardantiepileptika zu einer wesentlich höheren gesundheitsökonomischen Belastung, wenngleich geringer als etwa bei Biologika. Der Weg syndromspezifischer Zulassungen wird kritisch in Abhängigkeit vom Wirkmechanismus der Substanzen diskutiert.
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Metadaten
Titel
„Orphan drugs“ in der Epileptologie
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. med. Andreas Schulze-Bonhage
Publikationsdatum
01.08.2019
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Clinical Epileptology / Ausgabe 4/2019
Print ISSN: 2948-104X
Elektronische ISSN: 2948-1058
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10309-019-0274-6

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Wartezeit nicht kürzer, aber Arbeit flexibler

Psychotherapie Medizin aktuell

Fünf Jahren nach der Neugestaltung der Psychotherapie-Richtlinie wurden jetzt die Effekte der vorgenommenen Änderungen ausgewertet. Das Hauptziel der Novellierung war eine kürzere Wartezeit auf Therapieplätze. Dieses Ziel wurde nicht erreicht, es gab jedoch positive Auswirkungen auf andere Bereiche.

Update Neurologie

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