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Erschienen in: HNO 11/2016

18.10.2016 | Cochlea Implantat | Übersichten

Intracochleäre Medikamentenapplikation in Verbindung mit Cochleaimplantaten

Aktuelle Aspekte

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. S. K. Plontke, G. Götze, T. Rahne, A. Liebau

Erschienen in: HNO | Ausgabe 11/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Die lokale Medikamentenapplikation an das Innenohr bietet eine Reihe von Vorteilen gegenüber der systemischen Medikamentengabe. Die lokale Applikation erfolgt gegenwärtig extracochleär (intratympanale Injektion), intracochleär, v. a. bei möglicher Gen- und Stammzelltherapie, sowie in verschiedenen Kombinationen mit auditorischen, neurosensorischen Prothesen, entweder in präklinischen und klinischen Studien oder „off label“. Zur Verbesserung der Rehabilitation mittels Cochleaimplantaten (CI) besteht ein aktueller Forschungsschwerpunkt in der Entwicklung von medikamentenfreisetzenden Elektrodenträgern. Hier sollen z. B. Glukokortikosteroide, antiapoptotische Substanzen oder Wachstumsfaktoren (Neurotrophine) an das Innenohr abgegeben werden. Durch die Protektion neuronaler Strukturen vor den Folgen des Insertionstraumas, Verminderung von Fibrosierung im Innenohr und Stimulierung des Auswachsens neuronaler Strukturen in Richtung der Elektroden soll die Funktionalität des CI verbessert werden. Eine verzögerte, kontrollierte extracochleäre oder intracochleäre Applikation in Kombination mit einem CI kann z. B. über die Verwendung biokompatibler, resorbierbarer Medikamententräger erzielt werden. Hierzu werden 2 Fallbeispiele vorgestellt: Bei zwei mit CI versorgten Patienten wurde zur Therapie der Verschlechterung im Sprachverstehen und erhöhter Impedanzen ein biokompatibler, resorbierbarer Medikamententräger zur kontinuierlichen Freisetzung von Dexamethason intracochleär platziert. Mithilfe von Computermodellen lassen sich die Substanzverteilungen in den Innenohrflüssigkeiten bei verschiedenen lokalen Applikationsstrategien berechnen. Die so kalkulierten intracochleären Medikamentenkonzentrationen bei Verwendung von Dexamethason wurden für verschiedene Applikationsstrategien verglichen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Intracochleäre Medikamentenapplikation in Verbindung mit Cochleaimplantaten
Aktuelle Aspekte
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. S. K. Plontke
G. Götze
T. Rahne
A. Liebau
Publikationsdatum
18.10.2016
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
HNO / Ausgabe 11/2016
Print ISSN: 0017-6192
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-016-0257-0

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