Introduction
Materials and methods
Animals
General anesthesia and surgical procedures
Escherichia coli fibrin clot
Hemodynamics
Laboratory
Flowmetry
Cytokines
Histological analysis
Experimental protocol
Statistical analysis
Results
Hemodynamics
6% HES 130 | 10% HES 200 | RAc | 4% gelatin | SHAM | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR, bpm
|
Baseline
| 93 ± 14 | 91 ± 10 | 89 ± 12 | 91 ± 9 | 98 ± 8 |
Before sepsis
| 95 ± 5 | 96 ± 22 | 106 ± 20 | 92 ± 13 | 98 ± 11 | |
12 h after sepsis
| 140 ± 19 | 158 ± 19 ‡ | 127 ± 18 | 151 ± 32 ‡ | 93 ± 2 | |
MAP, mm Hg
|
Baseline
| 90 ± 1 | 91 ± 2 | 92 ± 2 | 91 ± 2 | 90 ± 1 |
Before sepsis
| 91 ± 3 | 98 ± 8 | 91 ± 1 | 93 ± 4 | 91 ± 3 | |
12 h after sepsis
| 86 ± 11 | 70 ± 21 | 59 ± 5 | 71 ± 26 | 96 ± 7 | |
CVP, mm Hg
|
Baseline
| 7 ± 1 | 6 ± 1 | 7 ± 1 | 7 ± 1 | 6 ± 1 |
Before sepsis
| 6 ± 2 | 9 ± 2 | 8 ± 1 | 8 ± 1 | 6 ± 1 | |
12 h after sepsis
| 12 ± 0 | 12 ± 0 | 12 ± 0 | 12 ± 0 | 12 ± 0 | |
PAOP, mm Hg
|
Baseline
| 8 ± 1 | 7 ± 1 | 8 ± 1 | 7 ± 1 | 7 ± 2 |
Before sepsis
| 8 ± 2 | 8 ± 1 | 10 ± 2 | 9 ± 2 | 8 ± 1 | |
12 h after sepsis
| 11 ± 3 | 12 ± 1 | 11 ± 2 | 10 ± 1 | 12 ± 1 | |
MPAP, mm Hg
|
Baseline
| 15 ± 2 | 16 ± 3 | 19 ± 1 | 17 ± 2 | 18 ± 2 |
Before sepsis
| 17 ± 2 | 20 ± 4 | 20 ± 1 | 19 ± 3 | 21 ± 1 | |
12 h after sepsis
| 33 ± 9 | 45 ± 3 *,§,‡ | 26 ± 4 | 41 ± 3 §,‡ | 21 ± 4 | |
CO, ml/kgBW
|
Baseline
| 102 ± 20 | 109 ± 17 | 110 ± 15 | 98 ± 8 | 110 ± 7 |
Before sepsis
| 118 ± 13 | 133 ± 37 | 134 ± 28 | 137 ± 26 | 126 ± 19 | |
12 h after sepsis
| 171 ± 47 | 143 ± 48 | 137 ± 32 | 160 ± 42 | 120 ± 28 | |
Hct, %
|
Baseline
| 29 ± 1 | 31 ± 2 | 28 ± 2 | 30 ± 3 | 30 ± 1 |
Before sepsis
| 26 ± 1 | 25 ± 4 | 26 ± 2 | 24 ± 4 | 30 ± 4 | |
12 h after sepsis
| 28 ± 4 | 30 ± 4 | 27 ± 3 | 25 ± 5 | 29 ± 4 | |
COP, mm Hg
|
Baseline
| 11.5 ± 0.9 | 11.4 ± 2.4 | 11.1 ± 2.2 | 11.2 ± 1.0 | 12.2 ± 1.1 |
Before sepsis
| 11.8 ± 1.4 | 13.6 ± 1.7 | 9.9 ± 1.1 | 12.5 ± 0.9 | 10.9 ± 0.3 | |
12 h after sepsis
| 10.0 ± 1.7 | 14.6 ± 1.8 *;§;‡ | 8.1 ± 1.5 | 15.1 ± 1.5 *;§;‡ | 10.3 ± 0.4 | |
Fluid input, ml/kg BW
|
Baseline
| - | - | - | - | - |
Before sepsis
| 62 ± 11 | 45 ± 12 | 140 ± 41║ | 62 ± 14 | 5 ± 7 | |
12 h after sepsis
| 213 ± 41 | 120 ± 35 | 556 ± 230║ | 178 ± 36 | 110 ± 26 | |
Fluid balance, ml/kg BW
|
Baseline
| - | - | - | - | - |
Before sepsis
| 39 ± 3 | 28 ± 10 | 93 ± 25║ | 45 ± 17 | 18 ± 11 | |
12 h after sepsis
| 149 ± 30 | 75 ± 33 | 335 ± 94║ | 109 ± 28 | 68 ± 43 |
Fluid balance and laboratory
Inflammation
6% HES 130 | 10% HES 200 | RAc | 4% gelatin | SHAM | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BL
| 131 ± 57 | 176 ± 92 | 172 ± 56 | 270 ± 214 | 226 ± 146 |
Before sepsis
| 183 ± 93 | 255 ± 241 | 125 ± 57 | 325 ± 210 | 95 ± 83 |
2 h after sepsis
| 1,199 ± 1,239 | 4,122 ± 1,216* | 1,101 ± 498 | 1,938 ± 1,691 | 285 ± 386 |
4 h after sepsis
| 665 ± 384 | 2,396 ± 2,656 | 501 ± 215 | 746 ± 851 | 251 ± 364 |
12 h after sepsis
| 280 ± 75 | 673 ± 618 | 252 ± 64 | 437 ± 83 | 400 ± 326 |
6% HES 130 | 10% HES 200 | RAc | 4% gelatin | SHAM | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ITBV, ml/kgBW
|
Baseline
| 21 ± 4 | 22 ± 4 | 23 ± 2 | 23 ± 4 | 23 ± 1 |
Before sepsis
| 22 ± 2 | 25 ± 5 | 23 ± 1 | 25 ± 1 | 24 ± 2 | |
12 h after sepsis
| 24 ± 4 | 22 ± 5 | 22 ± 3 | 26 ± 2 | 24 ± 1 | |
DO
2
, ml/min/kgBW
|
Baseline
| 12.9 ± 2.5 | 14.6 ± 1.6 | 13.5 ± 1.4 | 13.2 ± 1.2 | 14.7 ± 0.8 |
Before sepsis
| 14.0 ± 3.1 | 12.5 ± 2.1 | 14.2 ± 1.2 | 15.0 ± 4.2 | 17.6 ± 0.6 | |
12 h after sepsis
| 17.7 ± 3.0 | 17.8 ± 7.8 | 15.3 ± 3.3 | 14.0 ± 2.5 | 15.4 ± 1.8 | |
OE %
|
Baseline
| 39 ± 8 | 34 ± 2 | 36 ± 5 | 33 ± 6 | 31 ± 8 |
Before sepsis
| 31 ± 15 | 32 ± 5 | 38 ± 6 | 30 ± 3 | 31 ± 5 | |
12 h after sepsis
| 37 ± 6 | 48 ± 8 ‡ | 35 ± 9 | 48 ± 10 ‡ | 27 ± 6 | |
VO
2
ml/min kgBW
|
Baseline
| 5.3 ± 1.0 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.2 ± 1.2 | 4.4 ± 0.6 | 4.8 ± 1.2 |
Before sepsis
| 4.2 ± 1.8 | 4.7 ± 0.8 | 6.1 ± 2.0 | 4.5 ± 1.3 | 5.7 ± 0.6 | |
12 h after sepsis
| 7.4 ± 2.5 | 8.7 ± 4.5 | 5.2 ± 1.1 | 7.1 ± 1.8 | 4.2 ± 0.6 | |
SvO
2
, %
|
Baseline
| 65 ± 7 | 69 ± 2 | 67 ± 3 | 69 ± 7 | 71 ± 7 |
Before sepsis
| 74 ± 13 | 69 ± 7 | 68 ± 8 | 70 ± 7 | 70 ± 7 | |
12 h after sepsis
| 62 ± 12 | 46 ± 9 ‡ | 60 ± 14 | 46 ± 12 ‡ | 75 ± 4 | |
pHa
|
Baseline
| 7.49 ± 0.04 | 7.50 ± 0.03 | 7.50 ± 0.05 | 7.50 ± 0.01 | 7.53 ± 0.02 |
Before sepsis
| 7.54 ± 0.03 | 7.51 ± 0.02 | 7.51 ± 0.04 | 7.52 ± 0.02 | 7.52 ± 0.03 | |
12 h after sepsis
| 7.48 ± 0.04 | 7.27 ± 0.12 * | 7.47 ± 0.07 | 7.38 ± 0.01 | 7.49 ± 0.02 | |
BE, mmol/l
|
Baseline
| 6 ± 2 | 6 ± 1 | 7 ± 3 | 7 ± 1 | 7 ± 1 |
Before sepsis
| 8 ± 1 | 7 ± 1 | 8 ± 2 | 9 ± 1 | 7 ± 1 | |
12 h after sepsis
| 6 ± 1 | -3 ± 5 * | 7 ± 3 | 4 ± 6 | 7 ± 1 | |
PaCO
2
, mm Hg
|
Baseline
| 39 ± 3 | 38 ± 3 | 40 ± 3 | 39 ± 2 | 38 ± 2 |
Before sepsis
| 36 ± 3 | 38 ± 2 | 39 ± 2 | 39 ± 2 | 38 ± 3 | |
12 h after sepsis
| 40 ± 6 | 46 ± 5 | 43 ± 5 | 46 ± 6 | 38 ± 2 | |
Interleukin 10, pg/ml
|
Baseline
| - | - | - | - | - |
Before sepsis
| - | - | - | - | - | |
12 h after sepsis
| 88 ± 197 | 411 ± 245* | 14 ± 31 | 296 ± 95 | 0 ± 0 |
Systemic oxygenation
Renal function and histology
6% HES 130 | 10% HES 200 | RAc | 4% gelatin | SHAM | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Left renal artery flow, ml/kgBW/min
|
Baseline
| 7.0 ± 2.9 | 7.5 ± 2.9 | 6.1 ± 2.2 | 6.8 ± 0.4 | 8.3 ± 3.7 |
Before sepsis
| 5.3 ± 3.8 | 6.8 ± 2.6 | 4.6 ± 1.5 | 6.4 ± 0.5 | 8.9 ± 5.0 | |
12 h after sepsis
| 9.6 ± 3.7 | 4.0 ± 3.1 | 5.0 ± 1.9 | 6.7 ± 2.0 | 11.4 ± 8.3 | |
Crea as percentage of baseline, %
|
Baseline
| - | - | - | - | - |
Before sepsis
| 4 ± 5 | 12 ± 5 ‡ | 10 ± 6 | 14 ± 6 ‡ | -2 ± 2 | |
12 h after sepsis
| -13 ± 7 | 87 ± 84**; + | -4 ± 13 | 26 ± 13 | -4 ± 13 | |
Crea clearance, ml/min
|
Baseline
| 136 ± 24 | 130 ± 87 | 108 ± 94 | 101 ± 46 | 117 ± 13 |
Before sepsis
| 98 ± 47 | 57 ± 36 | 57 ± 51 | 48 ± 17 | 78 ± 10 | |
12 h after sepsis
| 97 ± 15 | 13 ± 14 * | 76 ± 23 | 38 ± 8 ‡; + | 98 ± 48 | |
Urine output, ml/kgBW/h
|
Baseline
| - | - | - | - | - |
Before sepsis
| - | - | - | - | - | |
12 h after sepsis
| 3.3 ± 1.3 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 11.5 ± 12.3 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 1.9 | |
Cl, mmol/l
|
Baseline
| 100 ± 1 | 100 ± 2 | 99 ± 2 | 100 ± 2 | 100 ± 1 |
Before sepsis
| 100 ± 1 | 103 ± 2 | 100 ± 1 | 98 ± 2 | 101 ± 2 | |
12 h after sepsis
| 103 ± 2 | 111 ± 2 | 109 ± 9 | 98 ± 2 **; ║ | 101 ± 2 | |
Na, mmol/l
|
Baseline
| 135 ± 1 | 135 ± 2 | 136 ± 2 | 136 ± 1 | 136 ± 1 |
Before sepsis
| 136 ± 2 | 138 ± 2 | 137 ± 3 | 138 ± 2 | 137 ± 1 | |
12 h after sepsis
| 136 ± 2 | 140 ± 3 | 144 ± 11 | 138 ± 3 | 136 ± 2 | |
K
+
, mmol/l
|
Baseline
| 4.5 ± 0.4 | 4.4 ± 0.3 | 4.5 ± 0.2 | 4.4 ± 0.1 | 4.4 ± 0.2 |
Before sepsis
| 3.7 ± 0.2 | 3.8 ± 0.3 | 4.0 ± 0.2 | 3.9 ± 0.2 | 4.4 ± 0.1 | |
12 h after sepsis
| 3.9 ± 0.5 | 5.6 ± 1.7 | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 4.9 ± 1.1 | 3.8 ± 0.1 | |
Aniongap mmol/l
|
Baseline
| 10.2 ± 0.8 | 10.0 ± 0.3 | 9.9 ± 1.9 | 10.4 ± 0.5 | 10.4 ± 1.4 |
Before sepsis
| 9.6 ± 0.3 | 9.2 ± 1.4 | 9.8 ± 1.3 | 11.4 ± 1.0 | 9.4 ± 1.4 | |
12 h after sepsis
| 6.8 ± 0.7 | 10.9 ± 4.2 | 8.2 ± 1.2 | 15.4 ± 4.2**;+ | 9.5 ± 0.2 |
6% HES 130 | 10% HES 200 | RAc | 4% gelatin | SHAM | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ol
| 1.0 ± 0.9 | 1.5 ± 1.0 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 2.6 ± 0.5* | 0.5 ± 0.0 |
ATN
| 1.8 ± 1.1 | 2.2 ± 0.4‡ | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 2.6 ± 0.5‡** | 0.3 ± 0.6 |
IBl
| 0.4 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.9* | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.6 ± 0.4 | 0.0 ± 0.0 |
GSl
| 1.3 ± 1.0 | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.3 |
Discussion
Hemodynamics
Renal function
Balanced solutions and acid-base balance
Limitations
Conclusions
Key messages
-
After resuscitation there was no difference in systemic hemodynamics comparing the investigated solutions.
-
Ten percent HES 200/0.5 induced significant increased tubular damage compared to Ringers's acetate and 6% HES 130/0.42.
-
Ten percent HES 200/0.5 induced significant renal impairment compared to Ringers's acetate and 6% HES 130/0.42.