nach oben

Erschienen in:

04.05.2016 | Psychiatry and Preclinical Psychiatric Studies - Original Article

Influence of 5-HTT variation, childhood trauma and self-efficacy on anxiety traits: a gene-environment-coping interaction study

verfasst von: Miriam A. Schiele, Christiane Ziegler, Karoline Holitschke, Christoph Schartner, Brigitte Schmidt, Heike Weber, Andreas Reif, Marcel Romanos, Paul Pauli, Peter Zwanzger, Jürgen Deckert, Katharina Domschke

Erschienen in: Journal of Neural Transmission | Ausgabe 8/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Environmental vulnerability factors such as adverse childhood experiences in interaction with genetic risk variants, e.g., the serotonin transporter gene linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), are assumed to play a role in the development of anxiety and affective disorders. However, positive influences such as general self-efficacy (GSE) may exert a compensatory effect on genetic disposition, environmental adversity, and anxiety traits. We, thus, assessed childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, CTQ) and GSE in 678 adults genotyped for 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 and their interaction on agoraphobic cognitions (Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire, ACQ), social anxiety (Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, LSAS), and trait anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI-T). The relationship between anxiety traits and childhood trauma was moderated by self-efficacy in 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 L_AL_A genotype carriers: L_AL_A probands maltreated as children showed high anxiety scores when self-efficacy was low, but low anxiety scores in the presence of high self-efficacy despite childhood maltreatment. Our results extend previous findings regarding anxiety-related traits showing an interactive relationship between 5-HTT genotype and adverse childhood experiences by suggesting coping-related measures to function as an additional dimension buffering the effects of a gene-environment risk constellation. Given that anxiety disorders manifest already early in childhood, this insight could contribute to the improvement of psychotherapeutic interventions by including measures strengthening self-efficacy and inform early targeted preventive interventions in at-risk populations, particularly within the crucial time window of childhood and adolescence.

Baffa A, Hohoff C, Baune BT, Muller-Tidow C, Tidow N, Freitag C, Zwanzger P, Deckert J, Arolt V, Domschke K (2010) Norepinephrine and serotonin transporter genes: impact on treatment response in depression. Neuropsychobiology 62:121–131. doi:10.1159/000317285 CrossRefPubMed

Bandura A (1977) Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychol Rev 84:191–215CrossRefPubMed

Bandura A (1997) Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W. H. Freeman, New York

Baumann C, Klauke B, Weber H, Domschke K, Zwanzger P, Pauli P, Deckert J, Reif A (2013) The interaction of early life experiences with COMT val158met affects anxiety sensitivity. Genes Brain Behav 12:821–829CrossRefPubMed

Baune BT, Hohoff C, Mortensen LS, Deckert J, Arolt V, Domschke K (2008) Serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) association with melancholic depression: a female specific effect? Depress Anxiety 25:920–925CrossRefPubMed

Beesdo-Baum K, Knappe S (2012) Developmental epidemiology of anxiety disorders. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 21:457–478. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2012.05.001 CrossRefPubMed

Belsky J, Pluess M (2009) Beyond diathesis stress: differential susceptibility to environmental influences. Psychol Bull 135:885–908. doi:10.1037/a0017376 CrossRefPubMed

Belsky J, Jonassaint C, Pluess M, Stanton M, Brummett B, Williams R (2009) Vulnerability genes or plasticity genes? Mol Psychiatry 14:746–754. doi:10.1038/mp.2009.44 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Belsley DA, Kuh E, Welsch RE (1980) Regression diagnostics: identifying influential data and sources of collinearity. Wiley, New YorkCrossRef

Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y (1995) Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J R Stat Soc B 57:289–300

Bernstein DP, Fink L (1998) Childhood Trauma Questionnaire: a retrospective self-report manual. The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio

Bernstein DP, Stein JA, Newcomb MD, Walker E, Pogge D, Ahluvalia T, Stokes J, Handelsman L, Medrano M, Desmond D, Zule W (2003) Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse Negl 27:169–190CrossRefPubMed

Blaya C, Salum GA, Lima MS, Leistner-Segal S, Manfro GG (2007) Lack of association between the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and panic disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Behav Brain Funct 3:41CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Blaya C, Salum GA, Moorjani P, Seganfredo AC, Heldt E, Leistner-Segal S, Smoller JW, Manfro GG (2010) Panic disorder and serotonergic genes (SLC6A4, HTR1A and HTR2A): association and interaction with childhood trauma and parenting. Neurosci Lett 485:11–15. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2010.08.042 CrossRefPubMed

Bodden C, Richter SH, Schreiber RS, Kloke V, Gerss J, Palme R, Lesch KP, Lewejohann L, Kaiser S, Sachser N (2015) Benefits of adversity?! How life history affects the behavioral profile of mice varying in serotonin transporter genotype. Front Behav Neurosci 9:47. doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00047 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Cannon DM, Klaver JM, Klug SA, Carlson PJ, Luckenbaugh DA, Ichise M, Drevets WC (2013) Gender-specific abnormalities in the serotonin transporter system in panic disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 16:733–743. doi:10.1017/S1461145712000776 CrossRefPubMed

Carli V, Mandelli L, Zaninotto L, Roy A, Recchia L, Stoppia L, Gatta V, Sarchiapone M, Serretti A (2011) A protective genetic variant for adverse environments? The role of childhood traumas and serotonin transporter gene on resilience and depressive severity in a high-risk population. Eur Psychiatry 26:471–478. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.04.008 CrossRefPubMed

Caspi A, Sugden K, Moffitt TE, Taylor A, Craig IW, Harrington H, McClay J, Mill J, Martin J, Braithwaite A, Poulton R (2003) Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science 301:386–389CrossRefPubMed

Chambless DL, Caputo GC, Bright P, Gallagher R (1984) Assessment of fear of fear in agoraphobics: the body sensations questionnaire and the agoraphobic cognitions questionnaire. J Consult Clin Psychol 52:1090–1097CrossRefPubMed

Choe AY, Kim B, Lee KS, Lee JE, Lee JY, Choi TK, Lee SH (2013) Serotonergic genes (5-HTT and HTR1A) and separation life events: gene-by-environment interaction for panic disorder. Neuropsychobiology 67:192–200. doi:10.1159/000347084 CrossRefPubMed

Cividanes GC, Mello AF, Sallum JM, Fossaluza V, Medeiros M, Maciel MR, Cavalcante-Nobrega LP, Mari JJ, Mello MF, Valentte NL (2014) Lack of association between the 5-HTTLPR and positive screening for mental disorders among children exposed to urban violence and maltreatment. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 36:277–284. doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2013-1150 CrossRefPubMed

Domschke K, Reif A, Weber H, Richter J, Hohoff C, Ohrmann P, Pedersen A, Bauer J, Suslow T, Kugel H, Heindel W, Baumann C, Klauke B, Jacob C, Maier W, Fritze J, Bandelow B, Krakowitzky P, Rothermundt M, Erhardt A, Binder EB, Holsboer F, Gerlach AL, Kircher T, Lang T, Alpers GW, Strohle A, Fehm L, Gloster AT, Wittchen HU, Arolt V, Pauli P, Hamm A, Deckert J (2011) Neuropeptide S receptor gene—converging evidence for a role in panic disorder. Mol Psychiatry 16:938–948CrossRefPubMed

Domschke K, Tidow N, Kuithan H, Schwarte K, Klauke B, Ambree O, Reif A, Schmidt H, Arolt V, Kersting A, Zwanzger P, Deckert J (2012) Monoamine oxidase A gene DNA hypomethylation—a risk factor for panic disorder? Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 15:1217–1228. doi:10.1017/S146114571200020X CrossRefPubMed

Domschke K, Tidow N, Schrempf M, Schwarte K, Klauke B, Reif A, Kersting A, Arolt V, Zwanzger P, Deckert J (2013) Epigenetic signature of panic disorder: a role of glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1) DNA hypomethylation? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 46:189–196. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.07.014 CrossRefPubMed

Domschke K, Tidow N, Schwarte K, Deckert J, Lesch KP, Arolt V, Zwanzger P, Baune BT (2014) Serotonin transporter gene hypomethylation predicts impaired antidepressant treatment response. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 17:1167–1176. doi:10.1017/S146114571400039X CrossRefPubMed

Duman EA, Canli T (2015) Influence of life stress, 5-HTTLPR genotype, and SLC6A4 methylation on gene expression and stress response in healthy Caucasian males. Biol Mood Anxiety Disord 5:2. doi:10.1186/s13587-015-0017-x CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Ehlers A, Margraf J, Chambless DL (1993) Fragebogen zu körperbezogenen Ängsten, Kognitionen und Vermeidung, AKV. Beltz Test, Weinheim

Endler NS, Speer RL, Johnson JM, Flett GL (2001) General self-efficacy and control in relation to anxiety and cognitive performance. Curr Psychol 20:36–52. doi:10.1007/s12144-001-1002-7 CrossRef

Freitag CM, Domschke K, Rothe C, Lee YJ, Hohoff C, Gutknecht L, Sand P, Fimmers R, Lesch KP, Deckert J (2006) Interaction of serotonergic and noradrenergic gene variants in panic disorder. Psychiatr Genet 16:59–65CrossRefPubMed

Gallagher MW, Payne LA, White KS, Shear KM, Woods SW, Gorman JM, Barlow DH (2013) Mechanisms of change in cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder: the unique effects of self-efficacy and anxiety sensitivity. Behav Res Ther 51:767–777. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.09.001 CrossRefPubMed

Grabe HJ, Spitzer C, Schwahn C, Marcinek A, Frahnow A, Barnow S, Lucht M, Freyberger HJ, John U, Wallaschofski H, Völzke H, Rosskopf D (2009) Serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) promoter polymorphisms and the susceptibility to posttraumatic stress disorder in the general population. Am J Psychiatry 166:926–933. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.08101542 CrossRefPubMed

Grabe HJ, Schwahn C, Mahler J, Appel K, Schulz A, Spitzer C, Fenske K, Barnow S, Freyberger HJ, Teumer A, Petersmann A, Biffar R, Rosskopf D, John U, Völzke H (2012) Genetic epistasis between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism and the 5-HTT promoter polymorphism moderates the susceptibility to depressive disorders after childhood abuse. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 36:264–270. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.09.010 CrossRefPubMed

Hohoff C, Weber H, Richter J, Domschke K, Zwanzger PM, Ohrmann P, Bauer J, Suslow T, Kugel H, Baumann C, Klauke B, Jacob CP, Fritze J, Bandelow B, Gloster AT, Gerlach AL, Kircher T, Lang T, Alpers GW, Strohle A, Fehm L, Wittchen HU, Arolt V, Pauli P, Hamm A, Reif A, Deckert J (2015) RGS2 ggenetic variation: association analysis with panic disorder and dimensional as well as intermediate phenotypes of anxiety. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 168B:211–222CrossRefPubMed

Hu XZ, Lipsky RH, Zhu G, Akhtar LA, Taubman J, Greenberg BD, Xu K, Arnold PD, Richter MA, Kennedy JL, Murphy DL, Goldman D (2006) Serotonin transporter promoter gain-of-function genotypes are linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Hum Genet 78:815–826CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kang HJ, Kim JM, Stewart R, Kim SY, Bae KY, Kim SW, Shin IS, Shin MG, Yoon JS (2013) Association of SLC6A4 methylation with early adversity, characteristics and outcomes in depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 44:23–28. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.01.006 CrossRefPubMed

Kaufman J, Yang BZ, Douglas-Palumberi H, Houshyar S, Lipschitz D, Krystal JH, Gelernter J (2004) Social supports and serotonin transporter gene moderate depression in maltreated children. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:17316–17321CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Klauke B, Deckert J, Reif A, Pauli P, Domschke K (2010) Life events in panic disorder-an update on “candidate stressors”. Depress Anxiety 27:716–730. doi:10.1002/da.20667 PubMed

Klauke B, Deckert J, Reif A, Pauli P, Zwanzger P, Baumann C, Arolt V, Glockner-Rist A, Domschke K (2011) Serotonin transporter gene and childhood trauma—a G × E effect on anxiety sensitivity. Depress Anxiety 28:1048–1057. doi:10.1002/da.20840 CrossRefPubMed

Klauke B, Deckert J, Zwanzger P, Baumann C, Arolt V, Pauli P, Reif A, Domschke K (2014) Neuropeptide S receptor gene (NPSR) and life events: G × E effects on anxiety sensitivity and its subdimensions. World J Biol Psychiatry 15:17–25CrossRefPubMed

Knuts I, Esquivel G, Kenis G, Overbeek T, Leibold N, Goossens L, Schruers K (2014) Therapygenetics: 5-HTTLPR genotype predicts the response to exposure therapy for agoraphobia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 24:1222–1228. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.05.007 CrossRefPubMed

Kraemer HC, Blasey CM (2004) Centring in regression analyses: a strategy to prevent errors in statistical inference. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 13:141–151CrossRefPubMed

Laucht M, Treutlein J, Blomeyer D, Buchmann AF, Schmid B, Becker K, Zimmermann US, Schmidt MH, Esser G, Rietschel M, Banaschewski T (2009) Interaction between the 5-HTTLPR serotonin transporter polymorphism and environmental adversity for mood and anxiety psychopathology: evidence from a high-risk community sample of young adults. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 12:737–747. doi:10.1017/S1461145708009875 CrossRefPubMed

Laux L, Glanzmann P, Schaffner P, Spielberger CD (1981) Das State-Trait-Angstinventar. Theoretische Grundlagen und Handanweisung. Beltz Test GmbH, Weinheim

Lesch KP, Bengel D, Heils A, Sabol SZ, Greenberg BD, Petri S, Benjamin J, Muller CR, Hamer DH, Murphy DL (1996) Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region. Science 274:1527–1531CrossRefPubMed

Liebowitz MR (1987) Social phobia. Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiatry 22:141–173CrossRefPubMed

Luszczynska A, Benight CC, Cieslak R (2009) Self-efficacy and health-related outcomes of collective Trauma. Eur Psychol 14:51–62CrossRef

Maron E, Lang A, Tasa G, Liivlaid L, Toru I, Must A, Vasar V, Shlik J (2005) Associations between serotonin-related gene polymorphisms and panic disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 8:261–266CrossRefPubMed

Muris P (2002) Relationships between self-efficacy and symptoms of anxiety disorders and depression in a normal adolescent sample. Personal Individ Differ 32:337–348CrossRef

Notzon S, Domschke K, Holitschke K, Ziegler C, Arolt V, Pauli P, Reif A, Deckert J, Zwanzger P (2016) Attachment style and oxytocin receptor gene variation interact in influencing social anxiety. World J Biol Psychiatry 17:76–83CrossRefPubMed

Osborne JW, Overbay A (2004) The power of outliers (and why researchers should always check for them). Pract Assess Res Eval 9:1–12

Reif A, Richter J, Straube B, Hofler M, Lueken U, Gloster AT, Weber H, Domschke K, Fehm L, Strohle A, Jansen A, Gerlach A, Pyka M, Reinhardt I, Konrad C, Wittmann A, Pfleiderer B, Alpers GW, Pauli P, Lang T, Arolt V, Wittchen HU, Hamm A, Kircher T, Deckert J (2014) MAOA and mechanisms of panic disorder revisited: from bench to molecular psychotherapy. Mol Psychiatry 19:122–128CrossRefPubMed

Reinelt E, Stopsack M, Aldinger M, John U, Grabe HJ, Barnow S (2013) Testing the diathesis-stress model: 5-HTTLPR, childhood emotional maltreatment, and vulnerability to social anxiety disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 162B:253–261. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32142 CrossRefPubMed

Reinelt E, Aldinger M, Stopsack M, Schwahn C, John U, Baumeister SE, Grabe HJ, Barnow S (2014) High social support buffers the effects of 5-HTTLPR genotypes within social anxiety disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 264:433–439. doi:10.1007/s00406-013-0481-5 CrossRefPubMed

Roberts S, Lester KJ, Hudson JL, Rapee RM, Creswell C, Cooper PJ, Thirlwall KJ, Coleman JR, Breen G, Wong CC, Eley TC (2014) Serotonin transporter [corrected] methylation and response to cognitive behaviour therapy in children with anxiety disorders. Transl Psychiatry 4:e444. doi:10.1038/tp.2014.83 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Rudy BM, Davis TE, Matthews RA (2012) The relationship among self-efficacy, negative self-referent cognitions, and social anxiety in children: a multiple mediator model. Behav Ther 43:619–628. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2011.11.003 CrossRefPubMed

Schraut KG, Jakob SB, Weidner MT, Schmitt AG, Scholz CJ, Strekalova T, El HN, Eijssen LM, Domschke K, Reif A, Haaf T, Ortega G, Steinbusch HW, Lesch KP, Van den Hove DL (2014) Prenatal stress-induced programming of genome-wide promoter DNA methylation in 5-HTT-deficient mice. Transl Psychiatry 4:e473. doi:10.1038/tp.2014.107 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Schruers K, Esquivel G, van Duinen M, Wichers M, Kenis G, Colasanti A, Knuts I, Goossens L, Jacobs N, van Rozendaal J, Smeets H, van Os J, Griez E (2011) Genetic moderation of CO₂-induced fear by 5-HTTLPR genotype. J Psychopharmacol 25:37–42. doi:10.1177/0269881110372543 CrossRefPubMed

Schumacher J, Deckert J (2010) Serotonin transporter polymorphisms and panic disorder. Genome Med 2:40. doi:10.1186/gm161 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Schwarzer R, Jerusalem M (1995) Generalized self-efficacy scale. In: Weinman J, Wright S (eds) Measures in health psychology: A user’s portfolio. Causal and control beliefs. NFER-NELSON, Windsor, pp 35–37

Seery MD, Holman EA, Silver RC (2010) Whatever does not kill us: cumulative lifetime adversity, vulnerability, and resilience. J Pers Soc Psychol 99:1025–1041. doi:10.1037/a0021344 CrossRefPubMed

Seery MD, Leo RJ, Lupien SP, Kondrak CL, Almonte JL (2013) An upside to adversity? Moderate cumulative lifetime adversity is associated with resilient responses in the face of controlled stressors. Psychol Sci 24:1181–1189. doi:10.1177/0956797612469210 CrossRefPubMed

Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, Amorim P, Janavs J, Weiller E, Hergueta T, Baker R, Dunbar GC (1998) The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry 59(Suppl 20):22–33PubMed

Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE (1970) Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto

Stangier U, Heidenreich T (2004) Die Liebowitz Soziale Angst-Skala (LSAS). In: Scalarum Collegium Internationale Psychiatriae (ed) Internationale Skalen für Psychiatrie. Beltz, Weinheim

Stein MB, Schork NJ, Gelernter J (2008) Gene-by-environment (serotonin transporter and childhood maltreatment) interaction for anxiety sensitivity, an intermediate phenotype for anxiety disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 33:312–319CrossRefPubMed

Strug LJ, Suresh R, Fyer AJ, Talati A, Adams PB, Li W, Hodge SE, Gilliam TC, Weissman MM (2010) Panic disorder is associated with the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) but not the promoter region (5-HTTLPR). Mol Psychiatry 15:166–176. doi:10.1038/mp.2008.79 CrossRefPubMed

Weber H, Richter J, Straube B, Lueken U, Domschke K, Schartner C, Klauke B, Baumann C, Pane-Farre C, Jacob CP, Scholz CJ, Zwanzger P, Lang T, Fehm L, Jansen A, Konrad C, Fydrich T, Wittmann A, Pfleiderer B, Strohle A, Gerlach AL, Alpers GW, Arolt V, Pauli P, Wittchen HU, Kent L, Hamm A, Kircher T, Deckert J, Reif A (2015) Allelic variation in CRHR1 predisposes to panic disorder: evidence for biased fear processing. Mol Psychiatry. doi:10.1038/mp.2015.125 PubMedCentral

Wendland JR, Martin BJ, Kruse MR, Lesch KP, Murphy DL (2006) Simultaneous genotyping of four functional loci of human SLC6A4, with a reappraisal of 5-HTTLPR and rs25531. Mol Psychiatry 11:224–226CrossRefPubMed

Wingenfeld K, Spitzer C, Mensebach C, Grabe HJ, Hill A, Gast U, Schlosser N, Hopp H, Beblo T, Driessen M (2010) The German version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ): preliminary psychometric properties. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 60:442–450. doi:10.1055/s-0030-1247564 CrossRefPubMed

Xie P, Kranzler HR, Poling J, Stein MB, Anton RF, Brady K, Weiss RD, Farrer L, Gelernter J (2009) Interactive effect of stressful life events and the serotonin transporter 5-HTTLPR genotype on posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis in 2 independent populations. Arch Gen Psychiatry 66:1201–1209. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.153 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Xie P, Kranzler HR, Farrer L, Gelernter J (2012) Serotonin transporter 5-HTTLPR genotype moderates the effects of childhood adversity on posttraumatic stress disorder risk: a replication study. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 159B:644–652. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32068 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Zavos HM, Wong CC, Barclay NL, Keers R, Mill J, Rijsdijk FV, Gregory AM, Eley TC (2012) Anxiety sensitivity in adolescence and young adulthood: the role of stressful life events, 5HTTLPR and their interaction. Depress Anxiety 29:400–408. doi:10.1002/da.21921 CrossRefPubMed

Ziegler C, Dannlowski U, Brauer D, Stevens S, Laeger I, Wittmann H, Kugel H, Dobel C, Hurlemann R, Reif A, Lesch KP, Heindel W, Kirschbaum C, Arolt V, Gerlach AL, Hoyer J, Deckert J, Zwanzger P, Domschke K (2015) Oxytocin receptor gene methylation: converging multilevel evidence for a role in social anxiety. Neuropsychopharmacology 40:1528–1538. doi:10.1038/npp.2015.2 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Titel: Influence of 5-HTT variation, childhood trauma and self-efficacy on anxiety traits: a gene-environment-coping interaction study
verfasst von: Miriam A. Schiele
Christiane Ziegler
Karoline Holitschke
Christoph Schartner
Brigitte Schmidt
Heike Weber
Andreas Reif
Marcel Romanos
Paul Pauli
Peter Zwanzger
Jürgen Deckert
Katharina Domschke
Publikationsdatum: 04.05.2016
Verlag: Springer Vienna
Erschienen in: Journal of Neural Transmission / Ausgabe 8/2016
Print ISSN: 0300-9564
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-1463
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-016-1564-z

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

^{Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag}

Kostenlos registrieren

Neu im Fachgebiet Neurologie

25.04.2024 | Hypotonie | Nachrichten

Update Neurologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Springer Medizin

Influence of 5-HTT variation, childhood trauma and self-efficacy on anxiety traits: a gene-environment-coping interaction study

Abstract

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Neu im Fachgebiet Neurologie

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

Frühe Alzheimertherapie lohnt sich

Viel Bewegung in der Parkinsonforschung

Demenzkranke durch Antipsychotika vielfach gefährdet

Update Neurologie

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 8/2016

Developmental exposure to acetaminophen does not induce hyperactivity in zebrafish larvae

Reduced functional connectivity to the frontal cortex during processing of social cues in autism spectrum disorder

A candidate gene investigation of methylphenidate response in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder patients: results from a naturalistic study

The aetiological association between the dynamics of cortisol productivity and ADHD

SNARE complex in developmental psychiatry: neurotransmitter exocytosis and beyond

Brain morphological changes in adolescent and adult patients with anorexia nervosa

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Neu im Fachgebiet Neurologie

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

Frühe Alzheimertherapie lohnt sich

Viel Bewegung in der Parkinsonforschung

Demenzkranke durch Antipsychotika vielfach gefährdet

Update Neurologie