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Journal of Neural Transmission

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01.10.2012 | Biological Psychiatry - Review article

Integration of the circadian and stress systems: influence of neuropeptides and implications for alcohol consumption

verfasst von: Cybele C. P. Wong, Gunter Schumann

Erschienen in: Journal of Neural Transmission | Ausgabe 10/2012

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Abstract

Disruptions in circadian rhythm and stress reactivity are associated with risks of developing neuropsychiatric disorders. The circadian system is organised in a hierarchical manner, whereby the master clock is located at the suprachiasmatic nucleus, a highly conserved brain region that coordinates the oscillations of peripheral clocks. Exposure to psychological stress leads to activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. There is growing evidence supporting the interactions between the circadian and stress systems. Anatomically, the circadian and stress signals converge at the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in the hypothalamus. Genes that are involved in the operation of the circadian and stress systems, including Clock, Period and CRH are expressed in the PVN. In addition, several neuropeptides, including arginin-vasopressin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid, are present in the PVN. In this review, we will discuss the interaction of circadian genes and stress-response genes at the molecular, neurotransmission and behavioural levels. We will place particular emphasis on the role of neuropeptides in mediating this interaction.

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Titel: Integration of the circadian and stress systems: influence of neuropeptides and implications for alcohol consumption
verfasst von: Cybele C. P. Wong
Gunter Schumann
Publikationsdatum: 01.10.2012
Verlag: Springer Vienna
Erschienen in: Journal of Neural Transmission / Ausgabe 10/2012
Print ISSN: 0300-9564
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-1463
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-012-0829-4

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Neuroimmunomodulation in unipolar depression: a focus on chronobiology and chronotherapeutics

Time-dependent post-imperative negative variation indicates adaptation and problem solving in migraine patients