Background
Methods
Search strategy and literature sources
Study screening and selection
Data extraction
Data analysis
Results
Longitudinal real world sources (Table 1)
Characteristics | Included | Status | Country | Study population | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All (n = 53) | Ongoing (n = 16) | Completed (n = 37) | USA (n = 42) | International (n = 11) | Parkinson cohort (n = 25) | “Generic” cohort (n = 28) | ||
Size (number of Parkinsonian patients) | ||||||||
0-500 | 42 (79) | 11 (69) | 31 (84) | 37 (88) | 5 (45) | 22 (88) | 20 (71) | |
500-1000 | 7 (13) | 4 (25) | 3 (8) | 3 (7) | 4 (36) | 3 (12) | 4 (14) | |
>1000 | 4 (8) | 1 (6) | 3 (8) | 2 (5) | 2 (18) | 0 (0) | 4 (14) | |
Duration of follow-up (years) | ||||||||
<2 | 6 (11) | 0 (0) | 6 (16) | 4 (10) | 2 (18) | 4 (16) | 2 (7) | |
2-5 | 20 (38) | 4 (25) | 16 (43) | 16 (38) | 4 (36) | 13 (52) | 7 (25) | |
≥5 | 27 (51) | 12 (75) | 15 (41) | 22 (52) | 5 (45) | 8 (32) | 19 (68) | |
Dimensions assessed | ||||||||
Motor and neurological | 46 (87) | 12 (75) | 34 (92) | 36 (86) | 10 (91) | 25 (100) | 21 (75) | |
Cognition | 41 (77) | 13 (81) | 28 (76) | 36 (86) | 5 (45) | 17 (68) | 24 (86) | |
Psychiatric symptoms | 38 (72) | 10 (63) | 28 (76) | 30 (71) | 8 (73) | 19 (76) | 17 (61) | |
Activities of daily living | 22 (42) | 6 (38) | 16 (43) | 15 (36) | 7 (64) | 12 (48) | 10 (36) | |
Sleep quality | 11 (21) | 4 (25) | 7 (19) | 5 (12) | 6 (55) | 2 (8) | 9 (32) | |
Quality of life | 9 (17) | 4 (25) | 5 (14) | 5 (12) | 4 (36) | 6 (24) | 3 (11) | |
Autonomic symptoms | 7 (13) | 4 (25) | 3 (8) | 3 (7) | 4 (36) | 0 (0) | 7 (25) | |
Other | 20 (38) | 9 (56) | 11 (30) | 13 (31) | 7 (64) | 8 (32) | 12 (43) | |
Other assessments | ||||||||
Current medications | 43 (81) | 13 (81) | 30 (81) | 32 (76) | 11 (100) | 22 (88) | 21 (75) | |
Comorbidities | 42 (79) | 14 (88) | 28 (76) | 31 (74) | 11 (100) | 20 (80) | 22 (79) | |
Medical imaging | 19 (36) | 6 (40) | 13 (34) | 11 (26) | 8 (73) | 6 (24) | 13 (46) | |
Genetics | 16 (30) | 6 (38) | 10 (27) | 10 (24) | 6 (55) | 3 (12) | 13 (46) | |
Caregiver burden | 6 (11) | 4 (27) | 2 (5) | 5 (12) | 1 (9) | 4 (16) | 2 (7) | |
Healthcare costs | 1 (2) | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (9) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) |
Measurements in real world studies in PD
Nb | Study | Acronym | Individuals included | Follow-up duration (y) | Planned follow-up | Main inclusion criteria |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | A Longitudinal Observational Follow-up of the PRECEPT Study Cohorta
| PostCEPT | 537 | 4 | Post-RCT; under dopaminergic therapy | |
2 | Abnormalities in metabolic network activity precede the onset of motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease | 15 | 4 | Every 2 years | Hemi parkinsonism | |
3 | Amyloid is linked to cognitive decline in patients with Parkinson disease without dementia | 46 | 5 | Annually | ||
4 | Arizona Study of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease | AZSAND | 3000 | ongoing | ||
5 | Ashkenazi Jewish LRRK2 consortium cohort | LRRK2 | 2611 | 1.5 | Every 12-18 months | Ashkenazi Jewish |
6 | Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging | BLSA | 10,000? | ongoing | Every few years for life | Healthy |
7 | Boston university medical center - University of Alabama Birmingham - Washington University in Saint Louis School of medicine | 80 | 2 | >40 years | ||
8 | Central Control of Mobility in Aging | CCMA | 439 | ongoing | Annually | Elderly (>65 years); non demented |
9 | Cerebral glucose metabolic features of Parkinson disease and incident dementia: longitudinal study | 50 | 4 | Annually | Levodopa treatment | |
10 | Charting the progression of disability in Parkinson disease | 171 | 2 | Every 6 months | >40 years; mild to moderate Parkinson’s disease | |
11 | Clinical course in Parkinson’s disease with elevated homocysteine | 97 | 2 | Every 2 years | 35-90 years without brain surgery or neurologic/psychiatric comorbidity | |
12 | Clinical Research in Neurology (CRIN) - Emory center | CRIN | 3581 | 15 | ||
13 | Comparative utility of the BESTest; mini-BESTest; and brief-BESTest for predicting falls in individuals with Parkinson disease: a cohort study | BESTest | 80 | 1 | Every 6 months | Without neuropsychiatric comorbidities |
14 | Comparison of the Agonist Pramipexole With Levodopa on Motor Complications of Parkinson’s Diseasea
| CALM-PD follow-up | 301 | 2 | Annually | Post-RCT; under dopaminergic therapy; diagnostic < 7 years |
15 | Contursi kindred | CONTURSI | 210 | ? | ||
16 | Deprenyl and Tocopherol Antioxidative Therapy of Parkinsonisma
| DATATOP | 403 | 6 | Every 3 months | Early phase; postRCT; 30-79 years |
17 | Depression in Parkinson’s disease | 685 | 3.9 | Annually | ||
18 | Dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome in Parkinson diseasea
| DAWS | 93 | 0.25 | Annually | Non demented |
19 | Einstein Aging Study (Bronx Aging Study) | EAS | 791 | ongoing | Every 12 to 18 months | Elderly (>70 years) |
20 | Emergence and evolution of social self-management of Parkinson’s disease | 120 | 3 | Every 6 months | Non demented | |
21 | Hallucinations and sleep disorders in PD: ten-year prospective longitudinal study | 89 | 10 | 0; 6 months; 18 months; 4 years; 6 years; 10 years | 24-h caregiver; without neuroleptic treatment; without some comorbidities | |
22 | Harvard Alumni Health Study | 500,002 | 77 | 1962; 1966; 1972; 1988; 1993 | Harvard students | |
23 | Health Professionals Follow-up Study | HPFS | 51,529 | ongoing | Biannually | Men; healthy; 40-75 years |
24 | Honolulu Asia Aging Study | HAAS | 3741 | 15 | 3 times between 1994 and 2001 | Elderly Japanese-American men |
25 | Longitudinal study of normal cognition in Parkinson disease | 141 | 6 | Biannual for 4 years and annual after | Normal cognition at baseline | |
26 | Long-term outcomes of bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation in patients with advanced Parkinson’s diseasea
| 33 | 2 | 0 –3 –6 –12 –18 – 24 months | Advanced phase with deep brain stimulation | |
27 | Loss of ability to work and ability to live independently in Parkinson’s disease | 495 | 10 | |||
28 | Major life events and development of major depression in Parkinson’s disease patients | PEG study | 221 | 4 | Annually | New onset (within 3 years) |
29 | Mayo Clinic cohort study of Personality and Aging (including Rochester Epidemiology project) | 7216 | 29.2 | Historically for life | 20-69 years | |
30 | Mayo clinic study of aging (Olmsted county resident) - Rochester Epidemiology project indexing system | MCSA | 2739 | ongoing | ||
31 | Molecular Epidemiology of Parkinson’s Disease | MEPD | 1600 | ongoing | >40 years | |
32 | Mood and motor trajectories in Parkinson’s disease: multivariate latent growth curve modeling | 186 | 1.5 | 6 months; 18 months | ||
33 | Mood and Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulationa
| MOST | 91 | 1 | Deep brain stimulation eligible; not demented | |
34 | Morris K Udall Parkinson’s Disease Research Center of Excellence cohort - Veteran affair | Udall | 314 | ongoing | Elderly (>60 years) | |
35 | National Parkinson Foundation Quality Improvement Initiative | NPF-QII | 10,000 | on going | ||
36 | NeuroGenetics Research Consortium | NGRC | 3072 | >10 | ||
37 | Nurses’ Health Study | NHS | 280,000 | ongoing | Every 2 years | Women; healthy; 19-51 years |
38 | Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre | OPDC | 1500 | 1.5 | 18 months | |
39 | Parkinson’s Associated Risk Study | PARS | 10,000 | ongoing | Elderly (>60 years) | |
40 | Parkinson’s Disease Biomarkers Program | PDBP | 1436 | ongoing | Evidence of response to dopaminergic medication | |
41 | Parkinson’s Disease Research Education and Clinical Center - Parkinson’s Genetic Research Study | PADRECCS - PaGeR | 1880 | ongoing | ||
42 | Parkinson’s disease: increased motor network activity in the absence of movement | NMRP | 12 | 4.4 | Every 2 years | Non demented; tremor-dominant clinical manifestations; without some comorbidities |
43 | Parkinson’s Progression bioMarkers Initiative | PPMI | 748 | ongoing | Every 3 months the first year then every 6 months | Untreated recently diagnosed |
44 | Prospective cohort study of impulse control disorders in Parkinson’s disease | ICD-PD | 164 | 4 | Non demented | |
45 | Rate of 6-18Ffluorodopa uptake decline in striatal subregions in Parkinson’s disease | 37 | 4 | Every 1 to 2 years | ||
46 | Religious Order Study | ROS | >1100 | >7 | Annually | Elderly; religious clergy |
47 | Rush Memory and Aging Project | RMAP | 1556 | 5 | Annually | Elderly without know dementia |
48 | Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) Research Group | SOF | 9704 | >6 | Tri-annually | Women; Elderly (>65 years) |
49 | The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia | 440 | 4 | Annually | Elderly (>65 years) | |
50 | University of California Los Angeles Center for Genes and Environmental in Parkinson’s Disease | UCLA CGEP | 363 | 5 | Diagnostic >3 years | |
51 | University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank | UM/BEB | 150 | ongoing | Annually | Consent to donate brain |
52 | UPDRS activity of daily living score as a marker of Parkinson’s disease progression | 162 | 6 | Every 2 years | ||
53 | Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging | WHICAP | 2776 | 3.7 | Annually | Elderly (>65 years) |
Nb | Study | Motor and neurological | Cognition | Psychiatry | Activities of daily living | Sleep | Quality of life | Autonomic | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | A Longitudinal Observational Follow-up of the PRECEPT Study Cohort | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2 | Abnormalities in metabolic network activity precede the onset of motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
3 | Amyloid is linked to cognitive decline in patients with Parkinson disease without dementia | 2 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
4 | Arizona Study of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease | 4 | 12 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
5 | Ashkenazi Jewish LRRK2 consortium cohort | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
6 | Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
7 | Boston university medical center - University of Alabama Birmingham - Washington University in Saint Louis School of medicine | 9 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
8 | Central Control of Mobility in Aging | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
9 | Cerebral glucose metabolic features of Parkinson disease and incident dementia: longitudinal study | 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
10 | Charting the progression of disability in parkinson disease | 9 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
11 | Clinical course in Parkinson’s disease with elevated homocysteine | 1 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
12 | Clinical Research in Neurology (CRIN) - Emory center | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
13 | Comparative utility of the BESTest; mini-BESTest; and brief-BESTest for predicting falls in individuals with Parkinson disease: a cohort study | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
14 | Comparison of the Agonist Pramipexole With Levodopa on Motor Complications of Parkinson’s Disease | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
15 | Contursi kindred | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
16 | Deprenyl and Tocopherol Antioxidative Therapy of Parkinsonism | 2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
17 | Depression in Parkinson’s disease | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
18 | Dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome in parkinson disease | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
19 | Einstein Aging Study (Bronx Aging Study) | 2 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
20 | Emergence and evolution of social self-management of Parkinson’s disease | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
21 | Hallucinations and sleep disorders in PD: ten-year prospective longitudinal study | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
22 | Harvard Alumni Health Study | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
23 | Health Professionals Follow-up Study | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
24 | Honolulu Asia Aging Study | 2 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
25 | Longitudinal study of normal cognition in Parkinson disease | 2 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
26 | Long-term outcomes of bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
27 | Loss of ability to work and ability to live independently in Parkinson’s disease | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
28 | Major life events and development of major depression in Parkinson’s disease patients | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
29 | Mayo Clinic cohort study of Personality and Aging (including Rochester Epidemiology project) | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
30 | Mayo clinic study of aging (Olmsted county resident) - Rochester Epidemiology project indexing system | 1 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
31 | Molecular Epidemiology of Parkinson’s Disease | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
32 | Mood and motor trajectories in Parkinson’s disease: multivariate latent growth curve modeling | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
33 | Mood and Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation | 2 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
34 | Morris K Udall Parkinson’s Disease Research Center of Excellence cohort - Veteran affair | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
35 | National Parkinson Foundation Quality Improvement Initiative | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
36 | NeuroGenetics Research Consortium | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
37 | Nurses’ Health Study | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
38 | Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
39 | Parkinson’s Associated Risk Study | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
40 | Parkinson’s Disease Biomarkers Program | 4 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 3 |
41 | Parkinson’s Disease Research Education and Clinical Center - Parkinson’s Genetic Research Study | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
42 | Parkinson’s disease: increased motor network activity in the absence of movement | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
43 | Parkinson’s progression biomarkers initiative | 1 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
44 | Prospective cohort study of impulse control disorders in Parkinson’s disease | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
45 | Rate of 6-18Ffluorodopa uptake decline in striatal subregions in Parkinson’s disease | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
46 | Religious Order Study | 6 | 11 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
47 | Rush Memory and Aging Project | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
48 | Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) Research Group | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
49 | The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia | 1 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
50 | University of California Los Angeles Center for Genes and Environmental in Parkinson’s Disease | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
51 | University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
52 | UPDRS activity of daily living score as a marker of Parkinson’s disease progression | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
53 | Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging | 1 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Dimension | Measurement acronym | Measurement full name | Data sources (number and numbering) |
---|---|---|---|
Motor and neurological (n = 46) | |||
Global | H&Y | Hoehn and Yahr | (n = 30) °1,2,3,4,5,7,9,10,13,14,16,17,18,20,21,25,26,27,31,33,34,35,38,40,41,42,44,45,50,51 |
UPDRS-III | Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale - motor examination | (n = 41) °1,2,3,4,5,7,8,10,11,13,14,16,17,18,19,20,21,24,25,26,27,28,30,32,33,34,35,36,38,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,49,50,52,53 | |
UPDRS-IV | Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale - motor complications | (n = 2) n°1,14 | |
Gait and balance | Berg balance test | (n = 2) n°7,10 | |
Flamingo test | (n = 1) n°38 | ||
FGA | Functional Gait Assessment | (n = 2) n°7,10 | |
FOGQ | Freezing of gait questionnaire | (n = 2) n°7,10 | |
Gait speed | (n = 4) n°7,8,10,46 | ||
PIGD | Postural Instability / Gait Difficulty scale | (n = 2) n°5,40 | |
Tandem gait | (n = 1) n°48 | ||
TUG | Time Up and Go test | (n = 6) n°7,10,35,38,40,47 | |
Walk test | (n = 5) n°7,10,46,47,48 | ||
Fine movement | Finger tapping | (n = 3) n°4,46,47 | |
Purdue pegboard test | (n = 6) n°4,7,10,38,46,47 | ||
Reaction time | (n = 1) n°24 | ||
Unknown | (n = 1) n°15 | ||
Cognition (n = 41) | |||
Global | ACE | Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination | (n = 1) n°40 |
AD-8 | Ascertian Dementia 8-item Informant | (n = 1) n°31 | |
BDRS | Blessed Dementia Rating Scale | (n = 2) n°19,53 | |
CAMCOG | Cambridge Cognitive Assessment | (n = 1) n°49 | |
CASI | Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument | (n = 1) n°24 | |
CDR | Clinical Dementia Rating scale | (n = 5) n°3,4,6,19,30,53 | |
Clock drawing test | (n = 1) n°4 | ||
DRS2 | Dementia Rating Scale 2 | (n = 6) n°4,19,25,26,34,53 | |
HDS | Hasegawa Dementia Rating Scale | (n = 1) n°24 | |
MDRS | Mattis Dementia Rating Scale | (n = 2) n°4,26 | |
MMSE | Mini Mental State Examination | (n = 30) °1,3,4,5,7,9,10,11,12,14,15,16,18,20,21,24,26,28,31,34,36,37,38,42,44,45,46,47,48,50 | |
MoCA | Montreal Cognitive Assessment | (n = 9) n°1,4,5,20,34,38,40,41,43 | |
IQCODE | Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in Elderly | (n = 1) n°24 | |
SPMSQ | Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire | (n = 1) n°40 | |
TICS-M | Telephone Interview Cognitive Status Modified | (n = 2) n°31,37 | |
Attention/ Working memory | Digit span | (n = 6) n°3,4,11,30,37,46 | |
STROOP test | (n = 2) n°4,11 | ||
Executive function | Comprehension | (n = 2) n°28,49 | |
RBANS | Repeatable Battery for Assessment of Neuropsychological Status | (n = 1) n°8 | |
Symbol digit | (n = 3) n°16,43,46 | ||
Trail Making Test | (n = 4) n°3,4,19,30 | ||
Verbal fluency | (n = 12) n°3,9,11,19,25,30,35,37,38,43,46,49 | ||
Language | BNT | Boston Naming Test | (n = 5) n°3,25,30,37,46 |
COWA | Controlled Oral Word Association | (n = 4) n°1,3,4,11 | |
FAS | Letter-Number Sequencing and Phonemic verbal fluency | (n = 2) n°11,25 | |
Naming | (n = 1) n°49 | ||
NART | American National Adult Reading test | (n = 2) n°3,46 | |
WAIS | Wechlser Adult Intelligence Scale | (n = 6) n°3,4,9,11,19,30 | |
Memory | BIMC | Blessed Information Memory Concentration | (n = 2) n°6,19 |
FCSRT | Free and Cue Selective Reminding Test | (n = 2) n°3,19 | |
FOME | Fuld Object Memory Evaluation | (n = 1) n°19 | |
HVLT | Hopkins Verbal Learning test | (n = 3) n°11,25,43 | |
Memory | (n = 5) n°3,16,35,46,53 | ||
RAVLT | Rey auditory verbal learning test | (n = 3) n°1,4,30 | |
Recall | (n = 2) n°46,49 | ||
WMS | Wechsler Memory Scale | (n = 2) n°9,30 | |
Visual-spatial | BVRT | Benton Visual Retention Test | (n = 1) n°9 |
CPM |
Raven’s coloured progressive matrices
| (n = 2) n°19,46 | |
JLO | Benton Judgement Line Orientation | (n = 4) n°4,25,43,46 | |
Orientation | (n = 1) n°53 | ||
PARR | Picture Arrangement subtest | (n = 1) n°9 | |
ROCF | Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test recall | (n = 1) n°11 | |
Visual attention | (n = 1) n°19 | ||
Unknown | (n = 1) n°15 | ||
Psychiatric symptoms (n = 38) | |||
Depression / Anxiety | AS | Apathy Evaluation Scale | (n = 3) n°4,32,33 |
BAI | Beck Anxiety Inventory | (n = 4) n°18,30,33,44 | |
BDI | Beck Depression Inventory | (n = 9) n°5,11,18,26,30,32,33,36,44 | |
CESD-10 | Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale | (n = 3) n°24,39,47 | |
GDS | Geriatric Depression Screening scale | (n = 17) n°1,3,4,5,7,8,10,14,20,25,26,28,34,40,43,48,50 | |
HAM-A | Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale | (n = 2) n°33,40 | |
HDRS | Hamilton Depression Rating Scale | (n = 3) n°4,15,33 | |
Leeds | Leeds anxiety and depression scale | (n = 1) n°38 | |
SCID | Structured Clinical Interview - Depression | (n = 2) n°28,40 | |
STAI | State Trait Anxiety Inventory | (n = 4) n°18,24,39,43 | |
UPDRS-I | Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale - mentation behavior and mood | (n = 7) n°1,14,17,25,27,43,52 | |
ZUNG | Zung depression scale | (n = 1) n°19 | |
TOC | OCI-R | Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory – Revised | (n = 1) n°18 |
QUIP | Questionnaire for impulsive-compulsive disorders in parkinson’s disease-rating scale | (n = 2) n°40,43 | |
YBOCS | Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale | (n = 1) n°33 | |
Other | CoNeg | composite negative score | (n = 1) n°29 |
MMPI | Multiphasic Personality Inventory | (n = 1) n°29 | |
NPI | NeuroPsychiatric Inventory questionnaire | (n = 3) n°1,34,47 | |
QABB | Questionnaire About Buying Behaviour | (n = 1) n°40 | |
Rush | Rush Hallucination Inventory | (n = 1) n°21 | |
SCS | Sexual Compulsivity Scale | (n = 1) n°40 | |
YMRS | Young Mania Rating Scale | (n = 1) n°33 | |
Unknown | (n = 4) n°6,15,46,49 | ||
Activities of daily living (n = 22) | |||
ACS | Activity Card Sort | (n = 1) n°20 | |
ADCS-ADL | Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study ADL Inventory | (n = 1) n°25 | |
IADL | Katz Instrumental Activity of Daily Living | (n = 2) n°46,47 | |
S&E | Schwab & England activities of daily living scale | (n = 10) n°5,14,18,26,34,38,41,43,44,53 | |
UPDRS-II | Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale - self-evaluation of the activities of daily living | (n = 9) n°1,5,11,14,26,27,40,43,52 | |
Unknown | (n = 3) n°15,17,51 | ||
Sleep quality (n = 11) | |||
Actigraphy | (n = 1) n°47 | ||
ESS | Epworth Sleepiness Scale | (n = 4) n°5,14,38,43 | |
FSS | Fatigue Severity Scale | (n = 1) n°40 | |
ISI | Insomnia Severity Index | (n = 1) n°40 | |
MSQ | Mayo clinic Sleep Questionnaire | (n = 2) n°4,30 | |
PDSS | Parkinson’s disease sleep scale | (n = 1) n°40 | |
PSQI | Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index | (n = 2) n°21,40 | |
RBDSQ | REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder Screening Questionnaire | (n = 2) n°38,43 | |
SA-SDQ | Sleep Apnea Scale of Sleep Disorders Questionnaire | (n = 1) n°40 | |
SSS | Stanford Sleepiness Scale | (n = 1) n°40 | |
Unknown | (n = 2) n°15,24 | ||
Quality of life (n = 9) | |||
EQ-5D | Euro Quality of Life 5 Dimension questionnaire | (n = 2) n°14,38 | |
Neuro-QOL | Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders | (n = 1) n°34 | |
NHP | Nottingham Health Profile | (n = 1) n°20 | |
PDQUALIF | Parkinson’s Disease Quality of Life Scale | (n = 3) n°14,18,40 | |
PDQ-39 | 39-item Parkinson’s disease quality of life | (n = 5) n°7,10,20,35,40 | |
PIMS | Parkinson’s Impact Scale | (n = 1) n°40 | |
SF-12 | The 12 item Short Form health survey | (n = 2) n°14,20 | |
SF-36 | The 36 item Short Form health survey | (n = 1) n°40 | |
SWAL-QOL | Swallow-specific quality of life | (n = 1) n°40 | |
Autonomic symptoms (n = 7) | |||
Bowel movement | (n = 1) n°24 | ||
COMPASS | Composite autonomic symptom Scale | (n = 1) n°40 | |
SCOPA-AUT | Scales for outcomes of Parkinson’s Disease – autonomic symptoms | (n = 3) n°4,5,43 | |
Unknown | (n = 2) n°15,30 | ||
Other (n = 20) | |||
Olfaction | Brief-SIT | Brief Smell Identification Test | (n = 2) n°24,47 |
16-item sniffin’ Sticks Odour Identification test | (n = 1) n°38 | ||
UPSIT | University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test | (n = 6) n°1,4,5,34,39,43 | |
Restless legs syndrome | CH-RLSQ | Cambridge-Hopkins Restless Legs Syndrome Diagnostic Questionnaire | (n = 1) n°40 |
IRLSSG | Instrument for the Assessment of Restless Legs Syndrome Severity | (n = 1) n°4 | |
Caregiver | CSI | caregiver strain index | (n = 1) n°35 |
deJong-Gierveld Loneliness Scale | (n = 1) n°47 | ||
MCSI | Multidimensional Caregiver Strain Index | (n = 1) n°35 | |
Caregiver interview | (n = 1) n°21 | ||
Other | Agonal state questionnaire | (n = 1) n°51 | |
CGI | Clinical Global Impression scale | (n = 1) n°38 | |
CIRS | Chronic Illness Resource Survey | (n = 1) n°20 | |
GHS | Global Health Score | (n = 1) n°8 | |
GIS | Global Impression Scale | (n = 1) n°51 | |
Howard-Dohlman device | (n = 1) n°48 | ||
MNA |
Mini Nutritional Assessment
| (n = 1) n°40 | |
MOS |
Medical outcome study
| (n = 1) n°20 | |
MSSSS | Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale | (n = 1) n°28 | |
Pain | (n = 1) n°40 | ||
PASE | Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly | (n = 3) n°7,10,43 | |
SRRS | Social Readjustment Rating scale | (n = 1) n°28 | |
SSCI | Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness | (n = 1) n°20 | |
Tremor rating | (n = 1) n°4 | ||
Visual acuity | (n = 1) n°48 | ||
Unknown | (n = 1) n°15 |