Background
Methods
Ethics and study design
Statistical analysis
Results
Comparison of non-LEA group and LEA group
non-LEA group (n = 369) | LEA group (n = 442) | Z/T | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 32 (30–34) | 32 (30–34) | -0.666 | 0.506 |
Height (cm) | 162 (160–165) | 163 (160–165) | -0.789 | 0.43 |
Weight (kg) | 73 (67–79) | 74 (68-80.63) | -2.296 | 0.022 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.55 (25.62–29.67) | 28.12 (25.85–30.38) | -2.148 | 0.032 |
Gestational weight gain (kg) | 15 (12-17.5) | 15 (12–18) | -0.006 | 0.995 |
Gestational age (weeks) | 39.4 (38.6–40.1) | 39.5 (39.1-40.23) | -2.546 | 0.011 |
Duration between initial vaginal examination or epidural analgesia and delivery (mins) | 133 (86.5–222) | 120 (74-181.25) | -3.358 | 0.001 |
Duration of first-second stage (mins) | 296 (234.5–409) | 352.5 (265-443.75) | -4.06 | < 0.001 |
Duration of third stage (mins) | 5 (5–7) | 5 (5–7) | -1.405 | 0.16 |
Blood loss (ml) | 240 (220–280) | 260 (230–290) | -3.941 | < 0.001 |
Postpartum hemorrhage (n) | 2.17 % (8) | 1.81 % (8) | 0.133 | 0.715 |
Apgar score | 10 (10–10) | 10 (10–10) | -3.318 | 0.001 |
Birth weight (g) | 3045.81 ± 404.36 | 3453.89 ± 404.85 | -1.685 | 0.092 |
Comparison of non-LEA group with 1 and 2 cm cervical dilation
non-LEA-1 group (n = 35) | non-LEA-2 group (n = 194) | Z/T | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 34 (31–36) | 32 (30–34) | -2.084 | 0.037 |
Height (cm) | 160 (160–163) | 162 (160–165) | -1.475 | 0.14 |
Weight (kg) | 72 (65.5–79) | 72.5 (66–79) | -0.517 | 0.605 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.34 (25.71–29.38) | 27.61 (25.39–30.08) | -0.251 | 0.802 |
Gestational weight gain (kg) | 14 (10–16) | 15 (11.88–17.63) | -1.16 | 0.246 |
Gestational age (weeks) | 39.1 (38.1–40) | 39.4 (38.6–40.1) | -1.315 | 0.188 |
Duration between initial vaginal examination and delivery (mins) | 217 (183–321) | 164.5 (101.75–243.5) | -3.344 | 0.001 |
Duration of first-second stage (mins) | 373 (272–471) | 312.5 (231.5–408) | -1.9 | 0.057 |
Duration ratio | 0.69 (0.52–0.91) | 0.59 (0.38–0.77) | -2.118 | 0.034 |
Duration of third stage (mins) | 5 (4–7) | 5 (5–7) | -0.051 | 0.96 |
Blood loss (ml) | 260 (230–300) | 240 (220–280) | -1.774 | 0.076 |
Apgar score | 10 (10–10) | 10 (10–10) | -0.531 | 0.595 |
Birth weight (g) | 3288 ± 404.54 | 3394.12 ± 416.98 | -1.392 | 0.165 |
Comparison of non-LEA-2 group and LEA-2 group
non-LEA-2 group (n = 194) | LEA-2 group (n = 279) | Z/T | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 32 (30–34) | 32 (30–34) | -0.115 | 0.909 |
Height (cm) | 162 (160–165) | 163 (160–165) | -1.08 | 0.28 |
Weight (kg) | 72.5 (66–79) | 74 (69–81) | -2.207 | 0.027 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.61 (25.39–30.08) | 28.2 (25.78–30.47) | -1.778 | 0.075 |
Gestational weight gain (kg) | 15 (11.88–17.63) | 15 (12-18.5) | -0.309 | 0.757 |
Gestational age (weeks) | 39.4 (38.6–40.1) | 39.5 (39-40.3) | -2.152 | 0.031 |
Duration from cervical dilation of 2 cm to delivery (mins) | 164.5 (101.75–243.5) | 128 (78–196) | -4.361 | < 0.001 |
Duration of first-second stage (mins) | 312.5 (231.5–408) | 362 (273–452) | -3.534 | < 0.001 |
Duration ratio | 0.59 (0.38–0.77) | 0.36 (0.23–0.54) | -8.055 | < 0.001 |
Duration of third stage (mins) | 5 (5–7) | 5 (5–6) | -0.595 | 0.552 |
Blood loss (ml) | 240 (220–280) | 260 (240–290) | -3.657 | < 0.001 |
Apgar score | 10 (10–10) | 10 (10–10) | -3.226 | 0.001 |
Birth weight (g) | 3394.12 ± 416.98 | 3479.71 ± 413.46 | -2.207 | 0.028 |
Comparison of non-LEA-3 group and LEA-3 group
non-LEA-3 group (n = 91) | LEA-3 group (n = 133) | Z/T | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 32 (30–34) | 31 (29–34) | -0.692 | 0.489 |
Height (cm) | 163 (160–166) | 163 (160–166) | -0.536 | 0.592 |
Weight (kg) | 74 (67.5–78) | 75 (67-80.5) | -0.728 | 0.467 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.54 (25.77–29.24) | 28.23 (26.04–30.12) | -1.407 | 0.16 |
Gestational weight gain (kg) | 15 (13–18) | 15 (12–18) | -0.591 | 0.554 |
Gestational age (weeks) | 39.4 (39-40.2) | 39.6 (39.1–40.3) | -1.27 | 0.204 |
Duration from cervical dilation of 3 cm to delivery (mins) | 111 (78–148) | 107 (66.5-154.5) | -0.296 | 0.767 |
Duration of first-second stage (mins) | 283 (232–388) | 335 (260-432.5) | -2.451 | 0.014 |
Duration ratio | 0.4 (0.25–0.5) | 0.32 (0.23–0.46) | -1.914 | 0.056 |
Duration of third stage (mins) | 5 (5–7) | 6 (5–7) | -1.135 | 0.256 |
Blood loss (ml) | 240 (220–280) | 260 (230–280) | -2.104 | 0.035 |
Apgar score | 10 (10–10) | 10 (10–10) | -0.204 | 0.839 |
Birth weight (g) | 3457.42 ± 345.77 | 3412.11 ± 397.63 | 0.882 | 0.379 |
Comparison of non-LEA-4 group and LEA-4 group
non-LEA-4 group (n = 49) | LEA-4 group (n = 30) | Z/T | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 32 (29–34) | 32 (30-33.25) | -0.03 | 0.976 |
Height (cm) | 163 (160–166) | 160 (159.75-165.25) | -0.523 | 0.601 |
Weight (kg) | 72 (68–79) | 72 (66.38–77.65) | -0.399 | 0.69 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.73 (25.53–29.38) | 27.01 (25.68–29.3) | -0.551 | 0.582 |
Gestational weight gain (kg) | 15 (12.5–18) | 12.8 (10.08-16) | -1.28 | 0.201 |
Gestational age (weeks) | 39.5 (39-40.1) | 39.2 (38.9–39.5) | -1.321 | 0.187 |
Duration from cervical dilation > 4 cm to delivery (mins) | 81 (32–103) | 101.5 (55.75-193.75) | -2.026 | 0.043 |
Duration of first-second stage (mins) | 281 (226–408) | 282.5 (240.75–435.5) | -0.399 | 0.69 |
Duration ratio | 0.24 (0.12–0.37) | 0.34 (0.14–0.5) | -1.829 | 0.067 |
Duration of third stage (mins) | 5 (5-6.5) | 6 (5-7.25) | -1.397 | 0.163 |
Blood loss (ml) | 240 (220–280) | 260 (220–280) | -0.637 | 0.524 |
Apgar score | 10 (10–10) | 10 (10–10) | -2.242 | 0.025 |
Birth weight (g) | 3440.41 ± 444.35 | 3399 ± 341.23 | 0.437 | 0.663 |