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Erschienen in: Die Gastroenterologie 1/2020

13.01.2020 | Leberzirrhose | Schwerpunkt

Dekompensierte Leberzirrhose und akut-auf-chronisches Leberversagen

verfasst von: Dr. C. Engelmann, Prof. Dr. F. Tacke

Erschienen in: Die Gastroenterologie | Ausgabe 1/2020

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Zusammenfassung

Patienten mit Leberzirrhose, die auf der Intensivstation behandelt werden, haben eine hohe Letalität. Man unterscheidet die dekompensierte Leberzirrhose, d. h. typische Komplikationen der Zirrhose, wie Ösophagusvarizenblutung, hepatische Enzephalopathie, hepatorenales Syndrom oder Aszites, vom akut-auf-chronischen Leberversagen (ACLF), bei dem begleitend zur vorbestehenden chronischen Lebererkrankung ein oder mehrere Organversagen vorliegen. In beiden Fällen ist ein strukturiertes intensivmedizinisches Management zur zielgerechten Behandlung der Ursachen der Dekompensation (z. B. Blutungen, Infektionen, Exsikkose, Medikamente) und der begleitenden Organversagen (z. B. Nierenversagen, Enzephalopathie) essenziell. Für Organversagen sind Kriterien definiert, die die Diagnose eines ACLF ermöglichen. Eine besondere Bedeutung kommt der schnellen und adäquaten (antibiotischen und antimykotischen) Infekttherapie zu. Für typische Komplikationen der Leberzirrhose, wie Nierenversagen/hepatorenales Syndrom, hepatische Enzephalopathie, Aszites oder Varizenblutungen, existieren klare Behandlungspfade. Bei ACLF oder dekompensierter Leberzirrhose sollte immer die Möglichkeit einer Lebertransplantation bedacht und im interdisziplinären Team diskutiert werden. Neue Behandlungsansätze beim ACLF adressieren in klinischen Studien Mechanismen der Inflammation, Immunantwort und Regeneration.
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Metadaten
Titel
Dekompensierte Leberzirrhose und akut-auf-chronisches Leberversagen
verfasst von
Dr. C. Engelmann
Prof. Dr. F. Tacke
Publikationsdatum
13.01.2020

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