nach oben

Skeletal Radiology

Erschienen in:

08.08.2019 | Review Article

Current status and recommendations for imaging in neurofibromatosis type 1, neurofibromatosis type 2, and schwannomatosis

verfasst von: Shivani Ahlawat, Jaishri O. Blakeley, Shannon Langmead, Allan J. Belzberg, Laura M. Fayad

Erschienen in: Skeletal Radiology | Ausgabe 2/2020

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), and schwannomatosis (SWN) are three clinically distinct tumor predisposition syndromes with a shared tendency to develop peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms. Disease expression and complications of NF1, NF2, and SWN are highly variable, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach to care in order to optimize outcomes. This review will discuss the imaging appearance of NF1, NF2, and SWN and highlight the important role that imaging plays in informing management decisions in people with tumors associated with these syndromes. Recent technological advances, including the role of both whole-body and localized imaging strategies, routine anatomic and advanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequences such as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping, and metabolic imaging techniques (MR spectroscopy and positron emission testing) are discussed in the context of the diagnosis and management of people with NF1, NF2, and SWN based on the most up-to-date clinical imaging studies.

National Institutes of Health consensus development conference. Neurofibromatosis. Conference statement. Arch Neurol. 1988;45(05):575–8.

Mulvihill JJ, Parry DM, Sherman JL, Pikus A, Kaiser-Kupfer MI, Eldridge R. NIH conference. Neurofibromatosis 1 (Recklinghausen disease) and neurofibromatosis 2 (bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis). An update. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113(01):39–52.PubMed

Baser ME, Friedman JM, Wallace AJ, Ramsden RT, Joe H, Evans DG. Evaluation of clinical diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis 2. Neurology. 2002;59(11):1759–65.PubMed

Plotkin SR, Blakeley JO, Evans DG, Hanemann CO, Hulsebos TJ, Hunter-Schaedle K, et al. Update from the 2011 International Schwannomatosis Workshop: from genetics to diagnostic criteria. Am J Med Genet A. 2013;161A(3):405–16.PubMed

Evans DG, King AT, Bowers NL, Tobi S, Wallace AJ, Perry M, et al. Identifying the deficiencies of current diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis 2 using databases of 2777 individuals with molecular testing. Genet Med. 2018.

Smith MJ, Bowers NL, Bulman M, Gokhale C, Wallace AJ, King AT, et al. Revisiting neurofibromatosis type 2 diagnostic criteria to exclude LZTR1-related schwannomatosis. Neurology. 2017;88(1):87–92.PubMedPubMedCentral

Smith MJ, Kulkarni A, Rustad C, Bowers NL, Wallace AJ, Holder SE, et al. Vestibular schwannomas occur in schwannomatosis and should not be considered an exclusion criterion for clinical diagnosis. Am J Med Genet. 2012;158A(1):215–9.PubMed

Stewart DR, Korf BR, Nathanson KL, Stevenson DA, Yohay K. Care of adults with neurofibromatosis type 1: a clinical practice resource of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Genet Med. 2018;20(7):671–82. https://doi.org/10.1038/gim.2018.28.CrossRefPubMed

Murphey MD, Smith WS, Smith SE, Kransdorf MJ, Temple HT. From the archives of the AFIP. Imaging of musculoskeletal neurogenic tumors: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 1999;19(5):1253–80.PubMed

10.

Bhargava R, Parham DM, Lasater OE, Chari RS, Chen G, Fletcher BD. MR imaging differentiation of benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors: use of the target sign. Pediatr Radiol. 1997;27(2):124–9.PubMed

11.

Caltabiano R, Magro G, Polizzi A, Praticò AD, Ortensi A, D’Orazi V, et al. A mosaic pattern of INI1/SMARCB1 protein expression distinguishes schwannomatosis and NF2-associated peripheral schwannomas from solitary peripheral schwannomas and NF2-associated vestibular schwannomas. Childs Nerv Syst. 2017;33(6):933–40.PubMed

12.

Plotkin SR, Wick A. Neurofibromatosis and schwannomatosis. Semin Neurol. 2018;38(1):73–85. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1627471.CrossRefPubMed

13.

Ahlawat S, Fayad LM, Khan MS, Bredella MA, Harris GJ, Evans DG, et al. Current whole-body MRI applications in the neurofibromatoses: NF1, NF2, and schwannomatosis. Neurology. 2016;87(7 Suppl 1):S31–9.PubMedPubMedCentral

14.

Merker VL, Bredella MA, Cai W, Kassarjian A, Harris GJ, Muzikansky A, et al. Relationship between whole-body tumor burden, clinical phenotype, and quality of life in patients with neurofibromatosis. Am J Med Genet A. 2014;164A(6):1431–7.PubMed

15.

Plotkin SR, Bredella MA, Cai W, et al. Quantitative assessment of whole-body tumor burden in adult patients with neurofibromatosis. PLoS One. 2012;7:e35711.PubMedPubMedCentral

16.

Kluwe L, Nguyen R, Vogt J, et al. Internal tumor burden in neurofibromatosis type I patients with large NF1 deletions. Genes Chromosom Cancer. 2012;51:447–51.PubMed

17.

Nguyen R, Kluwe L, Fuensterer C, Kentsch M, Friedrich RE, Mautner VF. Plexiform neurofibromas in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: frequency and associated clinical deficits. J Pediatr. 2011;159:652–655.e2.PubMed

18.

Cai W, Kassarjian A, Bredella MA, et al. Tumor burden in patients with neurofibromatosis types 1 and 2 and schwannomatosis: determination on whole-body MR images. Radiology. 2009;250:665–73.PubMed

19.

Van Meerbeeck SF, Verstraete KL, Janssens S, Mortier G. Whole-body MR imaging in neurofibromatosis type 1. Eur J Radiol. 2009;69:236–42.PubMed

20.

Jaremko JL, MacMahon PJ, Torriani M, et al. Whole-body MRI in neurofibromatosis: incidental findings and prevalence of scoliosis. Skelet Radiol. 2012;41:917–23.

21.

Mautner VF, Asuagbor FA, Dombi E, Fünsterer C, Kluwe L, Wenzel R, et al. Assessment of benign tumor burden by whole-body MRI in patients with neurofibromatosis 1. Neuro-Oncology. 2008;10(4):593–8.PubMedPubMedCentral

22.

Nguyen R, Jett K, Harris GJ, et al. Benign whole-body tumor volume is a risk factor malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in neurofibromatosis type 1. J Neuro-Oncol. 2014;116:307–13.

23.

Fayad LM, Blakeley J, Plotkin S, Widemann B, Jacobs MA. Whole body MRI at 3T with quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging and contrast-enhanced sequences for the characterization of peripheral lesions in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 and schwannomatosis. ISRN Radiol. 2013;2013:627932.PubMedPubMedCentral

24.

Ahlawat S, Baig A, Blakeley JO, Jacobs MA, Fayad LM. Multiparametric whole-body anatomic, functional, and metabolic imaging characteristics of peripheral lesions in patients with schwannomatosis. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2016;44(4):794–803.PubMed

25.

Plotkin SR, Halpin C, Blakeley JO, Slattery WH 3rd, Welling DB, Chang SM, et al. Suggested response criteria for phase II antitumor drug studies for neurofibromatosis type 2 related vestibular schwannoma. J Neuro-Oncol. 2009;93(1):61–77.

26.

Ahlawat S, Khandheria P, Del Grande F, Morelli J, Subhawong TK, Demehri S, et al. Interobserver variability of selective region-of-interest measurement protocols for quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging in soft tissue masses: comparison with whole tumor volume measurements. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2016;43(2):446–54.PubMed

27.

Soldatos T, Ahlawat S, Montgomery E, Chalian M, Jacobs MA, Fayad LM. Multiparametric assessment of treatment response in high-grade soft-tissue sarcomas with anatomic and functional MR imaging sequences. Radiology. 2016;278(3):831–40.PubMed

28.

Ahlawat S, Fayad LM. Imaging cellularity in benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors: utility of the “target sign” by diffusion-weighted imaging. Eur J Radiol. 2018;102:195–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.03.018.CrossRefPubMed

29.

Demehri S, Belzberg A, Blakeley J, Fayad LM. Conventional and functional MR imaging of peripheral nerve sheath tumors: initial experience. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2014;35(8):1615–20.PubMedPubMedCentral

30.

Le Bihan D, Breton E, Lallemand D, Aubin ML, Vignaud J, Laval-Jeantet M. Separation of diffusion and perfusion in intravoxel incoherent motion MR imaging. Radiology. 1988;168:497–505.PubMed

31.

Fayad LM, Jacobs MA, Wang X, Carrino JA, Bluemke DA. Musculoskeletal tumors: how to use anatomic, functional, and metabolic MR techniques. Radiology. 2012;265(2):340–56.PubMedPubMedCentral

32.

Subhawong TK, Jacobs MA, Fayad LM. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging for characterizing musculoskeletal lesions. Radiographics. 2014;34(5):1163–77.PubMedPubMedCentral

33.

Gross AM, Singh G, Akshintala S, Baldwin A, Dombi E, Ukwuani S, et al. Association of plexiform neurofibroma volume changes and development of clinical morbidities in neurofibromatosis 1. Neuro-Oncology. 2018;20(12):1643–51.PubMedPubMedCentral

34.

Weiss B, Widemann BC, Wolters P, Dombi E, Vinks A, Cantor A, et al. Sirolimus for progressive neurofibromatosis type 1-associated plexiform neurofibromas: a neurofibromatosis clinical trials consortium phase II study. Neuro-Oncology. 2015;17(4):596–603. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/nou235 Erratum in: Neuro Oncol. 2015 Jun;17(6):905.CrossRefPubMed

35.

Belasco JB, Schorry E, Brofferio A, Starosta AJ, Gillespie A, Doyle AL, et al. Activity of selumetinib in neurofibromatosis type 1-related plexiform neurofibromas. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(26):2550–60. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1605943.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

36.

Fountain JW, Wallace MR, Bruce MA, Seizinger BR, Menon AG, Gusella JF, et al. Physical mapping of a translocation breakpoint in neurofibromatosis. Science. 1989;244(4908):1085–7.PubMed

37.

Evans DG, Howard E, Giblin C, Clancy T, Spencer H, Huson SM, et al. Birth incidence and prevalence of tumor-prone syndromes: estimates from a UK family geneticregister service. Am J Med Genet A. 2010;152A(2):327.PubMed

38.

Stephens K, Kayes L, Riccardi VM, Rising M, Sybert VP, Pagon RA. Preferential mutation of the neurofibromatosis type 1 gene in paternally derived chromosomes. Hum Genet. 1992;88(3):279–82.PubMed

39.

Ruggieri M. Huson SM the clinical and diagnostic implications of mosaicism in the neurofibromatoses. Neurology. 2001;56(11):1433.PubMed

40.

Seminog OO, Goldacre MJ. Risk of benign tumours of nervous system, and of malignant neoplasms, in people with neurofibromatosis: population-based record-linkage study. Br J Cancer. 2013;108(1):193–8.PubMed

41.

Laycock-van Spyk S, Thomas N, Cooper DN, Upadhyaya M. Neurofibromatosis type 1-associated tumours: their somatic mutational spectrum and pathogenesis. Hum Genomics. 2011;5(6):623–90.PubMed

42.

Miles DK, Freedman MH, Stephens K, Pallavicini M, Sievers EL, Weaver M, et al. Patterns of hematopoietic lineage involvement in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 and malignant myeloid disorders. Blood. 1996;88(11):4314–20.PubMed

43.

Wilding A, Ingham SL, Lalloo F, et al. Life expectancy in hereditary cancer predisposing diseases: an observational study. J Med Genet. 2012;49(04):264–9.PubMed

44.

Uusitalo E, Rantanen M, Kallionpää RA, Pöyhönen M, Leppävirta J, Ylä-Outinen H, et al. Distinctive cancer associations in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(17):1978–86.PubMed

45.

Evans DG, Baser ME, McGaughran J, Sharif S, Howard E, Moran A. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours in neurofibromatosis 1. J Med Genet. 2002;39(5):311–4.PubMedPubMedCentral

46.

Sørensen SA, Mulvihill JJ, Nielsen A. Long-term follow-up of von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis. Survival and malignant neoplasms. N Engl J Med. 1986;314(16):1010–5.PubMed

47.

Walker L, Thompson D, Easton D, Ponder B, Ponder M, Frayling I, et al. A prospective study of neurofibromatosis type 1 cancer incidence in the UK. Br J Cancer. 2006;95(2):233–8.PubMedPubMedCentral

48.

Yap YS, Munusamy P, Lim C, Chan CHT, Prawira A, Loke SY, et al. Breast cancer in women with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1): a comprehensive case series with molecular insights into its aggressive phenotype. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-018-4851-6.PubMed

49.

Wang X, Teer JK, Tousignant RN, Levin AM, Boulware D, Chitale DA, et al. Breast cancer risk and germline genomic profiling of women with neurofibromatosis type 1 who developed breast cancer. Genes Chromosom Cancer. 2018;57(1):19–27. https://doi.org/10.1002/gcc.22503.E.

50.

Howell SJ, Hockenhull K, Salih Z, Evans DG. Increased risk of breast cancer in neurofibromatosis type 1: current insights. Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press). 2017;9:531–6.

51.

Seminog OO, Goldacre MJ. Age-specific risk of breast cancer in women with neurofibromatosis type 1. Br J Cancer. 2015;112(9):1546–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2015.78.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

52.

Duong TA, Sbidian E, Valeyrie-Allanore L, et al. Mortality associated with neurofibromatosis 1: a cohort study of 1895 patients in 1980-2006 in France. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2011;6:18.PubMedPubMedCentral

53.

Poyhonen M, Niemela S, Herva R. Risk of malignancy and death in neurofibromatosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1997;121(2):139–43.PubMed

54.

Kumar MG, Emnett RJ, Bayliss SJ, Gutmann DH. Glomus tumors in individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;71(1):44–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2014.01.913.CrossRefPubMed

55.

Shinall MC, Solórzano CC. Pheochromocytoma in Neurofibromatosis type 1: when should it be suspected? Endocr Pract. 2014;20(8):792–6. https://doi.org/10.4158/EP13417.CrossRefPubMed

56.

Evans DG. Are we ready for targeted early breast cancer detection strategies in women with NF1 aged 30-49 years? Am J Med Genet A. 2012;158a:3054–5.PubMed

57.

Daly MB, Pilarski R, Berry M, Buys SS, Farmer M, Friedman S, et al. NCCN guidelines insights: genetic/familial high-risk assessment: breast and ovarian, version 2.2017. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw. 2017;15(1):9–20.

58.

Dubov T, Toledano-Alhadef H, Chernin G, Constantini S, Cleper R, Ben-Shachar S. High prevalence of elevated blood pressure among children with neurofibromatosis type 1. Pediatr Nephrol. 2016;31(1):131–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-015-3191-6.CrossRefPubMed

59.

Valentin T, Le Cesne A, Ray-Coquard I, et al. Management and prognosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors: the experience of the French Sarcoma Group (GSF-GETO). Eur J Cancer. 2016;56:77–84.PubMed

60.

Sani I, Albanese A. Endocrine long-term follow-up of children with neurofibromatosis type 1 and optic pathway glioma. Horm Res Paediatr. 2017;87(3):179–88. https://doi.org/10.1159/000458525.CrossRefPubMed

61.

Gaudino S, Quaglio F, Schiarelli C, Martucci M, Tartaglione T, Gualano MR, et al. Spontaneous modifications of contrast enhancement in childhood non-cerebellar pilocytic astrocytomas. Neuroradiology. 2012;54:989–95.PubMed

62.

de Blank PMK, Fisher MJ, Liu GT, Gutmann DH, Listernick R, Ferner RE, et al. Optic pathway gliomas in Neurofibromatosis type 1: an update: surveillance, treatment indications, and biomarkers of vision. J Neuroophthalmol. 2017;37(Suppl 1):S23–32. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNO.0000000000000550 Review.CrossRefPubMed

63.

Azizi AA, Slavc I, Theisen BE, Rausch I, Weber M, Happak W, et al. Monitoring of plexiform neurofibroma in children and adolescents with neurofibromatosis type 1 by [(18) F]FDG-PET imaging. Is it of value in asymptomatic patients? Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2018;65(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.26733.

64.

Meany H, Dombi E, Reynolds J, Whatley M, Kurwa A, Tsokos M, et al. 18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) evaluation of nodular lesions in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 and plexiform neurofibromas (PN) or malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST). Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013;60(1):59–64.PubMed

65.

Zhang L, Dessouky R, Xi Y, Chhabra A, Le LQ. Clinical value of multiparametric whole-body magnetic resonance imaging over whole-spine magnetic resonance imaging in patients with neurofibromatosis type I. World Neurosurg. 2017;108:729–37.PubMed

66.

Higham CS, Dombi E, Rogiers A, Bhaumik S, Pans S, Connor SEJ, et al. The characteristics of 76 atypical neurofibromas as precursors to neurofibromatosis 1-associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Neuro-Oncology. 2018;20(6):818–25.PubMedPubMedCentral

67.

Derlin T, Tornquist K, Münster S, Apostolova I, Hagel C, Friedrich RE, et al. Comparative effectiveness of 18F-FDG PET/CT versus whole-body MRI for detection of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in neurofibromatosis type 1. Clin Nucl Med. 2013;38(1):e19–25.PubMed

68.

Chirindel A, Chaudhry M, Blakeley JO, Wahl R. 18F-FDG PET/CT qualitative and quantitative evaluation in neurofibromatosis type 1 patients for detection of malignant transformation: comparison of early to delayed imaging with and without liver activity normalization. J Nucl Med. 2015;56(3):379–85. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.114.142372.CrossRefPubMed

69.

Ferner RE, Lucas JD, O’Doherty MJ, et al. Evaluation of 18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDGPET) in the detection of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours arising from within plexiform neurofibromas in neurofibromatosis 1. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000;68:353–7.PubMedPubMedCentral

70.

Cardona S, Schwarzbach M, Hinz U, Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss A, Attigah N, Mechtersheimer G, et al. Evaluation of F18-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) to assess the nature of neurogenic tumours. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2003;29:536–41.PubMed

71.

Bredella MA, Torriani M, Hornicek F, Ouellette HA, Palmer WE, Williams Z, et al. Value of PET in the assessment of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007;189:928–35.PubMed

72.

Ferner RE, Golding JF, Smith M, Calonje E, Jan W, Sanjayanathan V, et al. [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) as a diagnostic tool for neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNSTs): a long-term clinical study. Ann Oncol. 2008;19(2):390–4.PubMed

73.

Warbey VS, Ferner RE, Dunn JT, Calonje E, O’Doherty MJ. [18F]FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours in neurofibromatosis type-1. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;36(5):751–7.PubMed

74.

Salamon J, Veldhoen S, Apostolova I, et al. 18F-FDG PET/CT for detection of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours in neurofibromatosis type 1:tumour-to-liver ratio is superior to an SUVmax cut-off. Eur Radiol. 2014;24:405–12.PubMed

75.

Urban T, Lim R, Merker VL, et al. Anatomic and metabolic evaluation of peripheral nerve sheath tumors in patients with neurofibromatosis 1 using whole-body MRI and (18)F-FDG PET fusion. Clin Nucl Med. 2014;39:e301–7.PubMed

76.

Fayad LM, Wang X, Blakeley JO, Durand DJ, Jacobs MA, Demehri S, et al. Characterization of peripheral nerve sheath tumors with 3T proton MR spectroscopy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2014;35(5):1035–41.PubMed

77.

Friedman JM. Neurofibromatosis 1. 1998 Oct 2 [updated 2018 May 17]. In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, LJH B, Stephens K, Amemiya A, editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle: University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2018. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1109/PubMed.

78.

Evans DG. Neurofibromatosis 2 [bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis, central neurofibromatosis, NF2, neurofibromatosis type II]. Genet Med. 2009;11(9):599–610.PubMed

79.

Evans DG. Neurofibromatosis 2. 1998 Oct 14 [updated 2018 mar 15]. In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, LJH B, Stephens K, Amemiya A, editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle: University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2018.

80.

Baser ME, Friedman JM, Aeschilman D, et al. Predictors of the risk of mortality in neurofibromatosis 2. Am J Hum Genet. 2002;71:715–23.PubMedPubMedCentral

81.

Patronas NJ, Courcoutsakis N, Bromley CM, Katzman GL, MacCollin M, Parry DM. Intramedullary and spinal canal tumors in patients with neurofibromatosis 2: MR imaging findings and correlation with genotype. Radiology. 2001;218:434–42.PubMed

82.

Dow G, Biggs N, Evans G, Gillespie J, Ramsden RT, King A. Spinal tumors in neurofibromatosis type 2: is emerging knowledge of genotype predictive of natural history? J Neurosurg Spine. 2005;2:574–9.PubMed

83.

Merker VL, Esparza S, Smith MJ, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Plotkin SR. Clinical features of schwannomatosis: a retrospective analysis of 87 patients. Oncologist. 2012;17(10):1317–22.PubMedPubMedCentral

84.

MacCollin M, Chiocca EA, Evans DG, Friedman JM, Horvitz R, Jaramillo D, et al. Diagnostic criteria for schwannomatosis. Neurology. 2005;64(11):1838–45.PubMed

85.

Kehrer-Sawatzki H, Kluwe L, Friedrich RE, Summerer A, Schäfer E, Wahlländer U, et al. Phenotypic and genotypic overlap between mosaic NF2 and schwannomatosis in patients with multiple non-intradermal schwannomas. Hum Genet. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-018-1909-9.PubMed

86.

Evans DG, Bowers NL, Tobi S, Hartley C, Wallace AJ, King AT, et al. Schwannomatosis: a genetic and epidemiological study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2018;89:1215–9.PubMed

87.

Lieber B, Han B, Allen J, Fatterpekar G, Agarwal N, Kazemi N, et al. Utility of positron emission tomography in schwannomatosis. J Clin Neurosci. 2016;30:138–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2016.01.027.CrossRefPubMed

88.

Beylergil V, Haque S, Carver A, Bilsky MH, Carrasquillo JA. Schwannomatosis/ neurofibromatosis type 2 associated multiple schwannomas visualized on FDG-PET/CT. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol. 2013;32(4):275–6.PubMed

Titel: Current status and recommendations for imaging in neurofibromatosis type 1, neurofibromatosis type 2, and schwannomatosis
verfasst von: Shivani Ahlawat
Jaishri O. Blakeley
Shannon Langmead
Allan J. Belzberg
Laura M. Fayad
Publikationsdatum: 08.08.2019
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Skeletal Radiology / Ausgabe 2/2020
Print ISSN: 0364-2348
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-2161
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-019-03290-1

Update Radiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Live-Webinar "Urologie und Sexualmedizin in der Praxis"

Springer Medizin

Current status and recommendations for imaging in neurofibromatosis type 1, neurofibromatosis type 2, and schwannomatosis

Abstract

Neu im Fachgebiet Radiologie

Mammakarzinom: Brustdichte beeinflusst rezidivfreies Überleben

„Übersichtlicher Wegweiser“: Lauterbachs umstrittener Klinik-Atlas ist online

Klinikreform soll zehntausende Menschenleben retten

Darf man die Behandlung eines Neonazis ablehnen?

Update Radiologie

Live-Webinar "Urologie und Sexualmedizin in der Praxis"

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2020

Correction to: Skeletal Radiology Volume 49, issue 1, January 2020

Commentary to: Giant cell reparative granuloma of the scapula: report of a case and literature review

Fat quantification of multifidus muscle using T2-weighted Dixon: which measurement methods are best suited for revealing the relationship between fat infiltration and herniated nucleus pulposus

Subsynovial epidermal inclusion cyst of the knee

Changes in the morphology of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) on magnetic resonance arthrography related to disruption of ulnar foveal attachment

Current applications and future directions of deep learning in musculoskeletal radiology

Neu im Fachgebiet Radiologie

Mammakarzinom: Brustdichte beeinflusst rezidivfreies Überleben

„Übersichtlicher Wegweiser“: Lauterbachs umstrittener Klinik-Atlas ist online

Klinikreform soll zehntausende Menschenleben retten

Darf man die Behandlung eines Neonazis ablehnen?

Update Radiologie