Introduction
Methods
Neuroimaging
Volumetric analyses
Nuclear segmentation of the thalamus and amygdala
Hippocampal subfield parcellation
Vertex analyses
Subcortical morphometry
Cortical grey matter analyses
Results
Gene negative (n = 54) | C9orf72 (n = 22) | SOD1 (n = 13) | Statistics (ANOVA, χ2; p value) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yrs) | 41.61 ± 11.75 | 45.00 ± 11.62 | 48.31 ± 14.45 | F (2,86) = 1.842; p = 0.165 |
Gender (M / F) | 24/30 | 5/17 | 9/4 | χ2 (2) = 7.394; p = 0.025 |
Education (yrs) | 14.89 ± 3.37 | 14.59 ± 3.02 | 13.23 ± 2.68 | F (2,86) = 1.407; p = 0.251 |
“Gene Negative” | C9orf72 | SOD1 | Univariate p value and effect size | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Left | ||||
Thalamus | 8028.79 ± 76.15 | 7592.38 ± 121.20 | 8188.57 ± 160.65 | p = 0.004; η2p = 0.125 |
Caudate | 3438.21 ± 39.25 | 3365.10 ± 62.48 | 3312.67 ± 82.82 | p = 0.325; η2p = 0.027 |
Putamen | 4520.49 ± 60.39 | 4573.78 ± 96.12 | 4610.60 ± 127.40 | p = 0.779; η2p = 0.006 |
Pallidum | 1880.10 ± 24.82 | 1944.05 ± 39.50 | 1957.33 ± 52.36 | p = 0.244; η2p = 0.034 |
Hippocampus | 3985.09 ± 57.33 | 3833.27 ± 91.26 | 4073.76 ± 120.96 | p = 0.236; η2p = 0.035 |
Amygdala | 1489.68 ± 25.98 | 1462.62 ± 41.36 | 1592.96 ± 54.82 | p = 0.160; η2p = 0.044 |
Accumbens | 457.18 ± 9.66 | 433.20 ± 15.38 | 472.04 ± 20.38 | p = 0.271; η2p = 0.031 |
Right | ||||
Thalamus | 7864.32 ± 72.02 | 7512.04 ± 114.63 | 8105.19 ± 151.93 | p = 0.006; η2p = 0.117 |
Caudate | 3476.46 ± 39.28 | 3460.89 ± 62.52 | 3388.91 ± 82.86 | p = 0.644; η2p = 0.011 |
Putamen | 4579.26 ± 57.41 | 4555.90 ± 91.38 | 4727.42 ± 121.12 | p = 0.495; η2p = 0.017 |
Pallidum | 1865.01 ± 24.24 | 1922.27 ± 38.58 | 1924.18 ± 51.14 | p = 0.354; η2p = 0.025 |
Hippocampus | 4090.66 ± 56.34 | 3986.73 ± 89.68 | 4250.73 ± 118.87 | p = 0.220; η2p = 0.036 |
Amygdala | 1664.20 ± 23.58 | 1645.97 ± 37.53 | 1726.34 ± 49.75 | p = 0.430; η2p = 0.020 |
Accumbens | 484.14 ± 10.67 | 470.90 ± 16.98 | 480.98 ± 22.51 | p = 0.810; η2p = 0.005 |
“Gene Negative” | C9orf72 | SOD1 | Univariate p value and effect size | Significant post hoc contrasts (Bonferroni) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Left thalamusa | |||||
AV | 137.06 ± 2.00 | 130.87 ± 3.25 | 138.34 ± 4.20 | p = 0.240; η2p = 0.034 | |
LGN | 166.12 ± 3.36 | 163.11 ± 5.47 | 165.70 ± 7.06 | p = 0.899; η2p = 0.003 | |
MGN | 119.64 ± 1.89 | 122.31 ± 3.08 | 121.84 ± 3.97 | p = 0.724; η2p = 0.008 | |
Pulvinar limitans | 1459.01 ± 12.86 | 1423.92 ± 20.91 | 1498.39 ± 26.98 | p = 0.105; η2p = 0.054 | |
LD | 33.19 ± 0.89 | 33.24 ± 1.44 | 36.30 ± 1.86 | p = 0.315; η2p = 0.028 | |
LP | 138.34 ± 1.75 | 141.55 ± 2.85 | 136.20 ± 3.67 | p = 0.494; η2p = 0.017 | |
Mediodorsal paratenial reuniens | 1024.70 ± 8.10 | 963.41 ± 13.17 | 1014.00 ± 16.99 | p < 0.001; η2p = 0.156 | C9orf72 < GeneNegative (p < 0.001); C9orf72 < SOD1 (p = 0.072) |
Motor nuclei | 1925.53 ± 12.99 | 1962.99 ± 21.13 | 1894.25 ± 6.39 | p = 0.138; η2p = 0.047 | |
Sensory nuclei | 869.66 ± 6.39 | 925.78 ± 10.40 | 868.47 ± 13.41 | p < 0.001; η2p = 0.207 | C9orf72 > GeneNegative (p < 0.001); C9orf72 > SOD1 (p = 0.004) |
Intralaminar | 438.53 ± 3.35 | 444.59 ± 5.44 | 438.28 ± 7.02 | p = 0.634; η2p = 0.011 | |
Right thalamusb | |||||
AV | 146.04 ± 2.12 | 149.92 ± 3.46 | 140.89 ± 4.48 | p = 0.305; η2p = 0.029 | |
LGN | 195.57 ± 3.40 | 199.43 ± 5.56 | 189.18 ± 7.19 | p = 0.552; η2p = 0.014 | |
MGN | 128.02 ± 1.76 | 131.18 ± 2.88 | 123.64 ± 3.72 | p = 0.303; η2p = 0.029 | |
Pulvinar limitans | 1672.23 ± 14.36 | 1601.58 ± 23.48 | 1654.62 ± 30.35 | p = 0.047; η2p = 0.072 | C9orf72 < GeneNegative (p = 0.041) |
LD | 30.80 ± 0.91 | 32.86 ± 1.49 | 32.28 ± 1.92 | p = 0.456; η2p = 0.019 | |
LP | 127.60 ± 1.65 | 128.67 ± 2.69 | 133.53 ± 3.48 | p = 0.312; η2p = 0.028 | |
Mediodorsal paratenial reuniens | 1041.07 ± 7.94 | 1018.39 ± 12.98 | 1069.44 ± 16.78 | p = 0.070; η2p = 0.063 | |
Motor nuclei | 1950.55 ± 13.03 | 1967.71 ± 21.30 | 1929.43 ± 27.54 | p = 0.565; η2p = 0.014 | |
Sensory nuclei | 929.49 ± 6.36 | 974.89 ± 10.40 | 936.08 ± 13.44 | p = 0.002; η2p = 0.141 | C9orf72 > GeneNegative (p < 0.001); C9orf72 > SOD1 (p = 0.088); |
Intralaminar | 434.56 ± 3.63 | 451.30 ± 5.94 | 446.84 ± 7.68 | p = 0.042; η2p = 0.075 | C9orf72 > GeneNegative (p = 0.062); |