nach oben

European Journal of Applied Physiology

Erschienen in:

01.03.2012 | Original Article

Peripheral markers of central fatigue in trained and untrained during uncompensable heat stress

verfasst von: Heather E. Wright, Glen A. Selkirk, Shawn G. Rhind, Tom M. McLellan

Erschienen in: European Journal of Applied Physiology | Ausgabe 3/2012

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

The development of fatigue is more pronounced in the heat than thermoneutral environments; however, it is unclear whether biomarkers of central fatigue are consistent with the higher core temperature (T _c) tolerated by endurance trained (TR) versus untrained (UT) during exertional heat stress (EHS). The purpose of this study was to examine the indicators of central fatigue during EHS in TR versus UT. Twelve TR and 11 UT males (mean ± SE \( \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{ 2 {\text{peak}}}} \) = 70 ± 2 and 50 ± 1 mL kg LBM⁻¹ min⁻¹, respectively) walked on a treadmill to exhaustion (EXH) in 40°C (dry) wearing protective clothing. Venous blood was obtained at PRE and 0.5°C T _c increments from 38 to 40°C/EXH. Free tryptophan (f-TRP) decreased dramatically at 39.5°C for the TR. Branch chain amino acids decreased with T _c and were greater for UT than TR at EXH. Tyrosine and phenylalanine remained unchanged. Serum S100β was undetectable (<5 pg mL⁻¹). Albumin was greater for the UT from PRE to 39.0°C and at EXH. Prolactin (PRL) responded to relative thermal strain with similar EXH values despite higher T _c tolerated for TR (39.7 ± 0.09°C) than UT (39.0 ± 0.09°C). The high EXH PRL values for both groups support its use as a biomarker of the serotonin and dopamine interplay within the brain during the development of central fatigue.

Blomstrand E (2001) Amino acids and central fatigue. Amino Acids 20:25–34PubMedCrossRef

Blomstrand E (2006) A role for branched-chain amino acids in reducing central fatigue. J Nutr 136:544S–547SPubMed

Blomstrand E, Celsing F, Newsholme EA (1988) Changes in plasma concentrations of aromatic and branched-chain amino acids during sustained exercise in man and their possible role in fatigue. Acta Physiol Scand 133:115–121PubMedCrossRef

Bloxam DL, Tricklebank MD, Patel AJ, Curzon G (1980) Effects of albumin, amino acids, and clofibrate on the uptake of tryptophan by the rat brain. J Neurochem 34:43–49PubMedCrossRef

Borg GA (1982) Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc 14:377–381PubMed

Brenner I, Shek PN, Zamecnik J, Shephard RJ (1998) Stress hormones and the immunological responses to heat and exercise. Int J Sports Med 19:130–143PubMedCrossRef

Bridge MW, Weller AS, Rayson M, Jones DA (2003) Responses to exercise in the heat related to measures of hypothalamic serotonergic and dopaminergic function. Eur J Appl Physiol 89:451–459PubMedCrossRef

Brisson GR, Audet A, Ledoux M, Matton P, Pellerin-Massicotte J, Peronnet F (1986) Exercise-induced blood prolactin variations in trained adult males: a thermic stress more than an osmotic stress. Horm Res 23:200–206PubMedCrossRef

Bruck K, Olschewski H (1987) Body temperature related factors diminishing the drive to exercise. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 65:1274–1280PubMedCrossRef

Cheung SS (2007) Neuropsychological determinants of exercise tolerance in the heat. Prog Brain Res 162:45–60PubMedCrossRef

Cheung SS, McLellan TM (1998) Heat acclimation, aerobic fitness, and hydration effects on tolerance during uncompensable heat stress. J Appl Physiol 84:1731–1739PubMed

Cheuvront SN, Carter R 3rd, Kolka MA, Lieberman HR, Kellogg MD, Sawka MN (2004) Branched-chain amino acid supplementation and human performance when hypohydrated in the heat. J Appl Physiol 97:1275–1282PubMedCrossRef

Cheuvront SN, Chinevere TD, Ely BR, Kenefick RW, Goodman DA, McClung JP, Sawka MN (2008) Serum S-100beta response to exercise-heat strain before and after acclimation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 40:1477–1482PubMedCrossRef

Christensen HN (1979) Developments in amino acid transport, illustrated for the blood-brain barrier. Biochem Pharmacol 28:1989–1992PubMedCrossRef

Christensen SE, Jorgensen O, Moller J, Moller N, Orskov H (1985) Body temperature elevation, exercise and serum prolactin concentrations. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 109:458–462

Curzon G, Friedel J, Knott PJ (1973) The effect of fatty acids on the binding of tryptophan to plasma protein. Nature 242:198–200PubMedCrossRef

de Boer AG, Gaillard PJ (2006) Blood-brain barrier dysfunction and recovery. J Neural Transm 113:455–462PubMedCrossRef

Fernstrom JD (2005) Branched-chain amino acids and brain function. J Nutr 135:1539S–1546SPubMed

Fernstrom JD, Wurtman RJ (1972) Brain serotonin content: physiological regulation by plasma neutral amino acids. Science 178:414–416PubMedCrossRef

Forster C, Burek M, Romero IA, Weksler B, Couraud PO, Drenckhahn D (2008) Differential effects of hydrocortisone and TNFalpha on tight junction proteins in an in vitro model of the human blood-brain barrier. J Physiol 586:1937–1949PubMedCrossRef

Fuller A, Carter RN, Mitchell D (1998) Brain and abdominal temperatures at fatigue in rats exercising in the heat. J Appl Physiol 84:877–883PubMedCrossRef

Gagge AP, Stolwijk JA, Hardy JD (1967) Comfort and thermal sensations and associated physiological responses at various ambient temperatures. Environ Res 1:1–20PubMedCrossRef

Gonzalez-Alonso J, Teller C, Andersen SL, Jensen FB, Hyldig T, Nielsen B (1999) Influence of body temperature on the development of fatigue during prolonged exercise in the heat. J Appl Physiol 86:1032–1039PubMed

Hargreaves M (2008) Physiological limits to exercise performance in the heat. J Sci Med Sport 11:66–71PubMedCrossRef

Havenith G, Luttikholt VG, Vrijkotte TG (1995) The relative influence of body characteristics on humid heat stress response. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 70:270–279PubMedCrossRef

Kapural M, Krizanac-Bengez L, Barnett G, Perl J, Masaryk T, Apollo D, Rasmussen P, Mayberg MR, Janigro D (2002) Serum S-100beta as a possible marker of blood-brain barrier disruption. Brain Res 940:102–104PubMedCrossRef

Kroll S, El-Gindi J, Thanabalasundaram G, Panpumthong P, Schrot S, Hartmann C, Galla HJ (2009) Control of the blood-brain barrier by glucocorticoids and the cells of the neurovascular unit. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1165:228–239PubMedCrossRef

Leite LH, Rodrigues AG, Soares DD, Marubayashi U, Coimbra CC (2010) Central fatigue induced by losartan involves brain serotonin and dopamine content. Med Sci Sports Exerc 42:1469–1476PubMedCrossRef

Lieberman HR, Georgelis JH, Maher TJ, Yeghiayan SK (2005) Tyrosine prevents effects of hyperthermia on behavior and increases norepinephrine. Physiol Behav 84:33–38PubMedCrossRef

Low D, Cable T, Purvis A (2005a) Exercise thermoregulation and hyperprolactinaemia. Ergonomics 48:1547–1557PubMedCrossRef

Low D, Purvis A, Reilly T, Cable NT (2005b) The prolactin responses to active and passive heating in man. Exp Physiol 90:909–917PubMedCrossRef

Marchi N, Rasmussen P, Kapural M, Fazio V, Kight K, Mayberg MR, Kanner A, Ayumar B, Albensi B, Cavaglia M, Janigro D (2003) Peripheral markers of brain damage and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Restor Neurol Neurosci 21:109–121PubMed

McLellan TM, Cheung SS (2000) Impact of fluid replacement on heat storage while wearing protective clothing. Ergonomics 43:2020–2030PubMedCrossRef

McLellan TM, Pope JI, Cain JB, Cheung SS (1996) Effects of metabolic rate and ambient vapour pressure on heat strain in protective clothing. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 74:518–527PubMedCrossRef

McMenamy RH (1965) Binding of indole analogues to human serum albumin. Effects of fatty acids. J Biol Chem 240:4235–4243PubMed

Meeusen R, Piacentini MF, Van Den Eynde S, Magnus L, De Meirleir K (2001) Exercise performance is not influenced by a 5-HT reuptake inhibitor. Int J Sports Med 22:329–336PubMedCrossRef

Meeusen R, Watson P, Hasegawa H, Roelands B, Piacentini MF (2006) Central fatigue: the serotonin hypothesis and beyond. Sports Med 36:881–909PubMedCrossRef

Melin B, Cure M, Pequignot JM, Bittel J (1988) Body temperature and plasma prolactin and norepinephrine relationships during exercise in a warm environment: effect of dehydration. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 58:146–151PubMedCrossRef

Mittleman KD, Ricci MR, Bailey SP (1998) Branched-chain amino acids prolong exercise during heat stress in men and women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 30:83–91PubMed

Newsholme EA, Blomstrand E (2006) Branched-chain amino acids and central fatigue. J Nutr 136:274S–276SPubMed

Newsholme EA, Acworth IN, Blomstrand E (1987) Advances in myochemistry. John Libbey, London

Nielsen B, Nybo L (2003) Cerebral changes during exercise in the heat. Sports Med 33:1–11PubMedCrossRef

Nielsen B, Hales JR, Strange S, Christensen NJ, Warberg J, Saltin B (1993) Human circulatory and thermoregulatory adaptations with heat acclimation and exercise in a hot, dry environment. J Physiol 460:467–485PubMed

Nielsen B, Hyldig T, Bidstrup F, Gonzalez-Alonso J, Christoffersen GR (2001) Brain activity and fatigue during prolonged exercise in the heat. Pflugers Arch 442:41–48PubMedCrossRef

Nybo L, Nielsen B (2001) Hyperthermia and central fatigue during prolonged exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol 91:1055–1060PubMed

Nybo L, Secher NH, Nielsen B (2002) Inadequate heat release from the human brain during prolonged exercise with hyperthermia. J Physiol 545:697–704PubMedCrossRef

Nybo L, Nielsen B, Blomstrand E, Moller K, Secher N (2003) Neurohumoral responses during prolonged exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol 95:1125–1131PubMed

Ott L (1993) An introduction to statistical methods and data analysis. Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont

Pardridge WM (1977) Kinetics of competitive inhibition of neutral amino acid transport across the blood-brain barrier. J Neurochem 28:103–108PubMedCrossRef

Pardridge WM, Oldendorf WH (1975) Kinetic analysis of blood-brain barrier transport of amino acids. Biochim Biophys Acta 401:128–136PubMedCrossRef

Pitsiladis YP, Strachan AT, Davidson I, Maughan RJ (2002) Hyperprolactinaemia during prolonged exercise in the heat: evidence for a centrally mediated component of fatigue in trained cyclists. Exp Physiol 87:215–226PubMedCrossRef

Quinlan GJ, Martin GS, Evans TW (2005) Albumin: biochemical properties and therapeutic potential. Hepatology 41:1211–1219PubMedCrossRef

Radomski MW, Cross M, Buguet A (1998) Exercise-induced hyperthermia and hormonal responses to exercise. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 76:547–552PubMedCrossRef

Rodrigues AG, Soares DD, Marubayashi U, Coimbra CC (2009) Heat loss during exercise is related to serotonin activity in the preoptic area. Neuroreport 20:804–808PubMedCrossRef

Sakurada S, Hales JR (1998) A role for gastrointestinal endotoxins in enhancement of heat tolerance by physical fitness. J Appl Physiol 84:207–214PubMed

Selkirk GA, McLellan TM (2001) Influence of aerobic fitness and body fatness on tolerance to uncompensable heat stress. J Appl Physiol 91:2055–2063PubMed

Selkirk GA, McLellan TM, Wright HE, Rhind SG (2008) Mild endotoxemia, NF-kappaB translocation, and cytokine increase during exertional heat stress in trained and untrained individuals. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 295:R611–R623PubMedCrossRef

Siri WE (1956) The gross composition of the body. Adv Biol Med Phys 4:239–280PubMed

Soares DD, Coimbra CC, Marubayashi U (2007) Tryptophan-induced central fatigue in exercising rats is related to serotonin content in preoptic area. Neurosci Lett 415:274–278PubMedCrossRef

St Clair Gibson A, Noakes TD (2004) Evidence for complex system integration and dynamic neural regulation of skeletal muscle recruitment during exercise in humans. Br J Sports Med 38:797–806PubMedCrossRef

Struder HK, Hollmann W, Platen P, Duperly J, Fischer HG, Weber K (1996) Alterations in plasma free tryptophan and large neutral amino acids do not affect perceived exertion and prolactin during 90 min of treadmill exercise. Int J Sports Med 17:73–79PubMedCrossRef

Struder HK, Hollmann W, Platen P, Donike M, Gotzmann A, Weber K (1998) Influence of paroxetine, branched-chain amino acids and tyrosine on neuroendocrine system responses and fatigue in humans. Horm Metab Res 30:188–194PubMedCrossRef

Struder HK, Hollmann W, Platen P, Wostmann R, Weicker H, Molderings GJ (1999) Effect of acute and chronic exercise on plasma amino acids and prolactin concentrations and on [3H]ketanserin binding to serotonin2A receptors on human platelets. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 79:318–324PubMedCrossRef

Tikuisis P, McLellan TM, Selkirk G (2002) Perceptual versus physiological heat strain during exercise-heat stress. Med Sci Sports Exerc 34:1454–1461PubMedCrossRef

Van de Kar LD, Rittenhouse PA, Li Q, Levy AD (1996) Serotonergic regulation of renin and prolactin secretion. Behav Brain Res 73:203–208PubMed

Watson P, Shirreffs SM, Maughan RJ (2004) The effect of acute branched-chain amino acid supplementation on prolonged exercise capacity in a warm environment. Eur J Appl Physiol 93:306–314PubMedCrossRef

Watson P, Hasegawa H, Roelands B, Piacentini MF, Looverie R, Meeusen R (2005a) Acute dopamine/noradrenaline reuptake inhibition enhances human exercise performance in warm, but not temperate conditions. J Physiol 565:873–883PubMedCrossRef

Watson P, Shirreffs SM, Maughan RJ (2005b) Blood-brain barrier integrity may be threatened by exercise in a warm environment. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 288:R1689–R1694PubMedCrossRef

Watson P, Black KE, Clark SC, Maughan RJ (2006) Exercise in the heat: effect of fluid ingestion on blood-brain barrier permeability. Med Sci Sports Exerc 38:2118–2124PubMedCrossRef

Wilson WM, Maughan RJ (1992) Evidence for a possible role of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the genesis of fatigue in man: administration of paroxetine, a 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor, reduces the capacity to perform prolonged exercise. Exp Physiol 77:921–924PubMed

Wright HE, Selkirk GA, McLellan TM (2010) HPA and SAS responses to increasing core temperature during uncompensable exertional heat stress in trained and untrained males. Eur J Appl Physiol 108:987–997PubMedCrossRef

Young SN (1986) Nutrition and the brain. Raven, New York

Titel: Peripheral markers of central fatigue in trained and untrained during uncompensable heat stress
verfasst von: Heather E. Wright
Glen A. Selkirk
Shawn G. Rhind
Tom M. McLellan
Publikationsdatum: 01.03.2012
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in: European Journal of Applied Physiology / Ausgabe 3/2012
Print ISSN: 1439-6319
Elektronische ISSN: 1439-6327
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2049-2

Neu im Fachgebiet Arbeitsmedizin

Das Geschlechterparadoxon in der gesundheitlich beeinträchtigten Lebenszeit – Ende eines Mythos?

Open Access Hüftgelenksbewegungseinschränkung Leitthema

Beginnend mit den 1920er-Jahren hat sich eine Vorstellung über die Geschlechterdifferenzen in Gesundheit und Mortalität etabliert, die von Lorber und Moore in dem einprägsamen Satz: „Women get sicker, but men die quicker“, zusammengefasst wurde [ 1 …, S. 13]. Tatsächlich erscheinen vor dem Hintergrund der höheren Lebenserwartung der Frauen die Studienergebnisse zu den Geschlechterdifferenzen in der Morbidität überraschend, wonach Frauen im Durchschnitt einen schlechteren Gesundheitszustand aufweisen als Männer [

Gesunde Lebenserwartung: Ein kritischer Blick auf Nutzen und Potenziale des demographischen Gesundheitsindikators

Open Access Leitthema

Die demographische Alterung hat vielfältige gesellschaftliche Konsequenzen, deren Ausmaß wesentlich vom Gesundheitszustand der Bevölkerung abhängt. Um diesen analysieren und bewerten zu können, wurden spezielle Kennziffern entwickelt, die in …

Wie hat sich die Lebenserwartung ohne funktionelle Einschränkungen in Deutschland entwickelt? Eine Analyse mit Daten des Deutschen Alterssurveys (DEAS)

Open Access Hüftgelenksbewegungseinschränkung Leitthema

Deutschland erfährt, wie andere Hocheinkommensstaaten, aufgrund kontinuierlich rückläufiger Mortalität und niedriger Geburtenraten tiefgreifende demografische Veränderungen. Der demografische Wandel führt in Deutschland zu einem zunehmend höheren …

Hitzeschutz im Fokus der hessischen Betreuungs- und Pflegeaufsicht

Open Access Klimawandel Übersichtsartikel

Im Sommer 2023 kündigte das Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (BMG) einen nationalen Hitzeschutzplan an und forderte die Länder auf, zu prüfen, „ob die Warnstufen des [Deutschen Wetterdienstes] DWD mit der Durchführung von Akutmaßnahmen …

Live-Webinar "Urologie und Sexualmedizin in der Praxis"

Springer Medizin

Peripheral markers of central fatigue in trained and untrained during uncompensable heat stress

Abstract

Neu im Fachgebiet Arbeitsmedizin

Das Geschlechterparadoxon in der gesundheitlich beeinträchtigten Lebenszeit – Ende eines Mythos?

Gesunde Lebenserwartung: Ein kritischer Blick auf Nutzen und Potenziale des demographischen Gesundheitsindikators

Wie hat sich die Lebenserwartung ohne funktionelle Einschränkungen in Deutschland entwickelt? Eine Analyse mit Daten des Deutschen Alterssurveys (DEAS)

Hitzeschutz im Fokus der hessischen Betreuungs- und Pflegeaufsicht

Live-Webinar "Urologie und Sexualmedizin in der Praxis"

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2012

Muscle activations under varying lifting speeds and intensities during bench press

Heart rate variability is related to training load variables in interval running exercises

Acute short-term hyperoxia followed by mild hypoxia does not increase EPO production: resolving the “normobaric oxygen paradox”

Higher prevalence of exercise-associated hyponatremia in female than in male open-water ultra-endurance swimmers: the ‘Marathon-Swim’ in Lake Zurich

Value of measuring muscle performance to assess changes in lean mass with testosterone and growth hormone supplementation

Muscle ceramide content is similar after 3 weeks’ consumption of fat or carbohydrate diet in a crossover design in patients with type 2 diabetes

Neu im Fachgebiet Arbeitsmedizin

Das Geschlechterparadoxon in der gesundheitlich beeinträchtigten Lebenszeit – Ende eines Mythos?

Gesunde Lebenserwartung: Ein kritischer Blick auf Nutzen und Potenziale des demographischen Gesundheitsindikators

Wie hat sich die Lebenserwartung ohne funktionelle Einschränkungen in Deutschland entwickelt? Eine Analyse mit Daten des Deutschen Alterssurveys (DEAS)

Hitzeschutz im Fokus der hessischen Betreuungs- und Pflegeaufsicht