nach oben

European Journal of Applied Physiology

Erschienen in:

31.08.2016 | Invited Review

Bilateral deficit in maximal force production

verfasst von: Jakob Škarabot, Neil Cronin, Vojko Strojnik, Janne Avela

Erschienen in: European Journal of Applied Physiology | Ausgabe 11-12/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

The bilateral deficit phenomenon, characterized by a reduction in the amount of force from a single limb during maximal bilateral actions, has been shown in various movement tasks, contraction types and different populations. However, bilateral deficit appears to be an inconsistent phenomenon, with high variability in magnitude and existence, and seems to be plastic, as bilateral facilitation has also been shown to occur. Furthermore, many mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have been proposed over the years, but still remain largely unknown. The purpose of this review was to clarify and critically discuss some of the important issues relevant to bilateral deficit. The main findings of this review were: (1) bilateral deficit does not seem to be contraction-type dependent; however, it is more consistent in dynamic compared to isometric contractions; (2) postural stabilization requirements and/or ability to use counterbalances during unilateral actions seem to influence the expression of bilateral deficit to a great extent; strong evidence has been provided for higher-order neural inhibition as a possible mechanism, but requires further exploration using a lower limb model; biomechanical mechanisms, such as differences in shortening velocity between contraction modes and displacement of the force–velocity curve, seem to underlie bilateral deficit in ballistic and explosive contractions; (3) task familiarity has a large influence on bilateral deficit and thus adequate testing specificity is warranted in training/cross-sectional experiments; (4) the literature investigating the relationship between bilateral deficit and athletic performance and injury remains scarce; hence, further research in this area is required.

Aagaard P, Simonsen EB, Andersen JL et al (2002) Neural adaptation to resistance training: changes in evoked V-wave and H-reflex responses. J Appl Physiol 92:2309–2318. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01185.2001 PubMedCrossRef

Archontides C, Fazey JA (1993) Inter-limb interactions and constraints in the expression of maximum force: a review, some implications and suggested underlying mechanisms. J Sports Sci 11:145–158. doi:10.1080/02640419308729978 PubMedCrossRef

Armstrong C, Oldham J (1999) A comparison of dominant and non-dominant hand strengths. J Hand Surg J Br Soc Surg Hand 24:421–425. doi:10.1054/jhsb.1999.0236 CrossRef

Aune TK, Aune MA, Ettema G, Vereijken B (2013) Comparison of bilateral force deficit in proximal and distal joints in upper extremities. Hum Mov Sci 32:436–444. doi:10.1016/j.humov.2013.01.005 PubMedCrossRef

Beaulé V, Tremblay S, Théoret H (2012) Interhemispheric control of unilateral movement. Neural Plast 2012:628716. doi:10.1155/2012/627816

Becker R, Awiszus F (2001) Physiological alterations of maximal voluntary quadriceps activation by changes of knee joint angle. Muscle Nerve 24:667–672PubMedCrossRef

Behm DG, Whittle J, Button D, Power K (2002) Intermuscle differences in activation. Muscle Nerve 25:236–243PubMedCrossRef

Behm DG, Power KE, Drinkwater EJ (2003) Muscle activation is enhanced with multi- and uni-articular bilateral versus unilateral contractions. Can J Appl Physiol 28:38–52PubMedCrossRef

Behm DG, Cavanaugh T, Quigley P et al (2016) Acute bouts of upper and lower body static and dynamic stretching increase non-local joint range of motion. Eur J Appl Physiol 116:241–249. doi:10.1007/s00421-015-3270-1 PubMedCrossRef

Belanger AY, McComas AJ (1981) Extent of motor unit activation during effort. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 51:1131–1135PubMed

Beurskens R, Gollhofer A, Muehlbauer T et al (2015) Effects of heavy-resistance strength and balance training on unilateral and bilateral leg strength performance in old adults. PLoS One 10:e0118535. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118535 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Bobbert MF, Casius LJR (2005) Is the effect of a countermovement on jump height due to active state development? Med Sci Sports Exerc 37:440–446PubMedCrossRef

Bobbert MF, Gerritsen KG, Litjens MC, Van Soest AJ (1996) Why is countermovement jump height greater than squat jump height? Med Sci Sports Exerc 28:1402–1412PubMedCrossRef

Bobbert MF, de Graaf WW, Jonk JN, Casius LJR (2006) Explanation of the bilateral deficit in human vertical squat jumping. J Appl Physiol 100:493–499. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00637.2005 PubMedCrossRef

Botton C, Radaelli R, Wilhelm E et al (2013) Bilateral deficit between concentric and isometric muscle actions. Isokinet Exerc Sci Exerc Sci 21:161–165

Botton CE, Radaelli R, Wilhelm EN et al (2015) Neuromuscular adaptations to unilateral vs. bilateral strength training in women

Bračič M, Supej M, Peharec S et al (2010) An investigation of the influence of bilateral deficit on the counter-movement jump performance in elite sprinters. Kinesiology 42:73–80

Brouwer B, Ashby P (1990) Corticospinal projections to upper and lower limb spinal motoneurons in man. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 76:509–519PubMedCrossRef

Brown L, Whitehurst M, Gilbert R et al (1994) Effect of velocity on the bilateral deficit during dynamic knee extension and flexion exercise in females. Isokinet Exerc Sci 4:153–156

Buckthorpe MW, Pain MTG, Folland JP (2013) Bilateral deficit in explosive force production is not caused by changes in agonist neural drive. PLoS One 8:e57549. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057549 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Burke RE, Levine DN, Tsairis P, Zajac FE (1973) Physiological types and histochemical profiles in motor units of the cat gastrocnemius. J Physiol 234:723–748PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Carroll TJ, Herbert RD, Munn J et al (2006) Contralateral effects of unilateral strength training: evidence and possible mechanisms. J Appl Physiol 101:1514–1522. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00531.2006 PubMedCrossRef

Cengiz A (2015) EMG and peak force responses to PNF stretching and the relationship between stretching-induced force deficits and bilateral deficits. J Phys Ther Sci 27:631–634. doi:10.1589/jpts.27.631 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Challis JH (1998) An investigation of the influence of bi-lateral deficit on human jumping. Hum Mov Sci 17:307–325. doi:10.1016/S0167-9457(98)00002-5 CrossRef

Cornwell A, Khodiguian N, Yoo EJ (2012) Relevance of hand dominance to the bilateral deficit phenomenon. Eur J Appl Physiol 112:4163–4172. doi:10.1007/s00421-012-2403-z PubMedCrossRef

Costa E, Moreira A, Cavalcanti B et al (2015) Effect of unilateral and bilateral resistance exercise on maximal voluntary strength, total volume of load lifted, and perceptual and metabolic responses. Biol Sport 32:35–40. doi:10.5604/20831862.1126326 PubMedCrossRef

Coyle EF, Costill DL, Lesmes GR (1979) Leg extension power and muscle fiber composition. Med Sci Sports 11:12–15PubMed

Cresswell A, Overdal A (2002) Muscle activation and torque development during maximal unilateral and bilateral isokinetic knee extensions. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 42:19–25PubMed

Crosby CA, Wehbé MA, Mawr B (1994) Hand strength: normative values. J Hand Surg Am 19:665–670PubMedCrossRef

da Silva JJ, Behm DG, Gomes WA et al (2015) Unilateral plantar flexors static-stretching effects on ipsilateral and contralateral jump measures. J Sports Sci Med 14:315–321PubMedPubMedCentral

Danner SM, Hofstoetter US, Freundl B et al (2015) Human spinal locomotor control is based on flexibly organized burst generators. Brain 138:577–588. doi:10.1093/brain/awu372 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Delwaide PJ, Sabatino M, Pepin JL, La Grutta V (1988) Reinforcement of reciprocal inhibition by contralateral movements in man. Exp Neurol 99:10–16. doi:10.1016/0014-4886(88)90122-7 PubMedCrossRef

Dickin C, Too D (2006) Effects of movement velocity and maximal concentric and eccentric actions on the bilateral deficit. Res Q Exerc Sport 77:296–303PubMedCrossRef

Dickin D, Sandow R, Dolny D (2011) Bilateral deficit in power production during multi-joint leg extensions. Eur J Sport Sci 11:437–445CrossRef

Donath L, Siebert T, Faude O, Puta C (2014) Correct, fake and absent pre-information does not affect the occurrence and magnitude of the bilateral force deficit. J Sport Sci Med 13:439–443

Drury D, Mason C, Hill A (2004) The effects of joint angle on the bilateral deficit of the biceps brachii

Duchateau J (1995) Bed rest induces neural and contractile adaptations in triceps surae. Med Sci Sports Exerc 27:1581–1589PubMedCrossRef

Ebben WP, Flanagan E, Jensen RL (2009) Bilateral facilitation and laterality during the countermovement jump. Percept Mot Skills 108:251–258. doi:10.2466/PMS.108.1.251-258 PubMedCrossRef

Enoka RM, Duchateau J (2015) Inappropriate interpretation of surface EMG signals and muscle fiber characteristics impedes progress on understanding the control of neuromuscular function. J Appl Physiol. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00280.2015

Farina D (2006) Interpretation of the surface electromyogram in dynamic contractions. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 34:121–127PubMedCrossRef

Farina D, Holobar A, Merletti R, Enoka RM (2010) Decoding the neural drive to muscles from the surface electromyogram. Clin Neurophysiol 121:1616–1623. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2009.10.040 PubMedCrossRef

Farina D, Merletti R, Enoka RM (2014) The extraction of neural strategies from the surface EMG: an update. J Appl Physiol 117:1215–1230. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00162.2014 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Ferbert A, Priori A, Rothwell JC et al (1992) Interhemispheric inhibition of the human motor cortex. J Physiol 453:525–546PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Gandevia SC (2001) Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue. Physiol Rev 81:1725–1789PubMed

Gazzaniga M, Sperry R (1966) Simultaneous double discrimination response following brain bisection. Psychon Sci 4:261–262CrossRef

Giovannelli F, Borgheresi A, Balestrieri F et al (2009) Modulation of interhemispheric inhibition by volitional motor activity: an ipsilateral silent period study. J Physiol 587:5393–5410. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2009.175885 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Gould H 3rd, Cusick C, Pons T, Kaas J (1986) The relationship of corpus callosum connections to electrical stimulation maps of motor, supplementary motor, and the frontal eye fields in owl monkeys. J Comp Neurol 247:297–325PubMedCrossRef

Häkkinen K, Pastinen UM, Karsikas R, Linnamo V (1995) Neuromuscular performance in voluntary bilateral and unilateral contraction and during electrical stimulation in men at different ages. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 70:518–527PubMedCrossRef

Häkkinen K, Kraemer W, Kallinen M et al (1996a) Neuromuscular adaptations during bilateral versus unilateral strength training in middle-aged and elderly men and women. Acta Physiol Scand 157:77–88. doi:10.1046/j.1365-201X.1996.523293000.x CrossRef

Häkkinen K, Kraemer W, Kallinen M et al (1996b) Bilateral and unilateral neuromuscular function and muscle cross-sectional area in middle-aged and elderly men and women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 51:B21–B29PubMedCrossRef

Häkkinen K, Kraemer WJ, Newton RU (1997) Muscle activation and force production during bilateral and unilateral concentric and isometric contractions of the knee extensors in men and women at different ages. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 37:131–142PubMed

Halperin I, Chapman DW, Behm DG (2015) Non-local muscle fatigue: effects and possible mechanisms. Eur J Appl Physiol 115:2031–2048. doi:10.1007/s00421-015-3249-y PubMedCrossRef

Hay D, de Souza VA, Fukashiro S (2006) Human bilateral deficit during a dynamic multi-joint leg press movement. Hum Mov Sci 25:181–191. doi:10.1016/j.humov.2005.11.007 PubMedCrossRef

Heckman CJ, Enoka RM (2012) Motor unit. Compr Physiol 2:2629–2682. doi:10.1002/cphy.c100087 PubMed

Henneman E (1957) Relation between size of neurons and their susceptibility to discharge. Science 126:1345–1347PubMedCrossRef

Henry F, Smith L (1961) Simultaneous vs. separate bilateral muscular contractions in relation to neural overflow theory and neuromotor specificity. Res Q Am Assoc Health Phys Educ Recreat 32:42–47

Herbert R, Gandevia S (1996) Muscle activation in unilateral and bilateral efforts assessed by motor nerve and cortical stimulation. J Appl Physiol 80:1351–1356PubMed

Hernandez JP, Nelson-Whalen NL, Franke WD, McLean SP (2003) Bilateral index expressions and iEMG activity in older versus young adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 58:536–541PubMedCrossRef

Howard J, Enoka R (1991) Maximum bilateral contractions are modified by neurally mediated interlimb effects. J Appl Physiol 70:306–316PubMed

Izquierdo M, Ibañez J, Gorostiaga E et al (1999) Maximal strength and power characteristics in isometric and dynamic actions of the upper and lower extremities in middle-aged and older men. Acta Physiol Scand 167:57–68. doi:10.1046/j.1365-201x.1999.00590.x PubMedCrossRef

Jakobi J, Cafarelli E (1998) Neuromuscular drive and force production are not altered during bilateral contractions. J Appl Physiol 84:200–206PubMed

Jakobi J, Chilibeck P (2001) Bilateral and unilateral contractions: possible differences in maximal voluntary force. Can J Appl Physiol 26:12–33PubMedCrossRef

Janzen C, Chilibeck P, Davison K (2006) The effect of unilateral and bilateral strength training on the bilateral deficit and lean tissue mass in post-menopausal women. Eur J Appl Physiol 97:253–260PubMedCrossRef

Johnson MA, Polgar J, Weightman D, Appleton D (1973) Data on the distribution of fibre types in thirty-six human muscles. J Neurol Sci 18:111–129. doi:10.1016/0022-510X(73)90023-3 PubMedCrossRef

Kawakami Y, Sale D, MacDougall J, Moroz J (1998) Bilateral deficit in plantar flexion: relation to knee joint position, muscle activation, and reflex excitability. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 77:212–216PubMedCrossRef

Keenan KG, Farina D, Maluf KS et al (2005) Influence of amplitude cancellation on the simulated surface electromyogram. J Appl Physiol 98:120–131. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00894.2004 PubMedCrossRef

Kellis E (1998) Quantification of quadriceps and hamstring antagonist activity. Sport Med 25:37–62CrossRef

Khodiguian N, Cornwell A, Lares E et al (2003) Expression of the bilateral deficit during reflexively evoked contractions. J Appl Physiol 94:171–178PubMedCrossRef

Kidgell DJ, Frazer AK, Daly RM et al (2015) Increased cross-education of muscle strength and reduced corticospinal inhibition following eccentric strength training. Neuroscience 300:566–575. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.057 PubMedCrossRef

Koh TJ, Grabiner MD, Clough CA (1993) Bilateral deficit is larger for step than for ramp isometric contractions. J Appl Physiol 74:1200–1205PubMed

Krishnan C, Williams GN (2009) Variability in antagonist muscle activity and peak torque during isometric knee strength testing. Iowa Orthop J 29:149–158PubMedPubMedCentral

Krishnan C, Williams GN (2010) Error associated with antagonist muscle activity in isometric knee strength testing. Eur J Appl Physiol 109:527–536. doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1391-0 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Kubo K, Tsunoda N, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T (2004) Activation of agonist and antagonist muscles at different joint angles during maximal isometric efforts. Eur J Appl Physiol 91:349–352PubMedCrossRef

Kuruganti U, Parker P, Rickards J et al (2005) Bilateral isokinetic training reduces the bilateral leg strength deficit for both old and young adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 94:175–179PubMedCrossRef

Kuruganti U, Seaman K (2006) The bilateral leg strength deficit is present in old, young and adolescent females during isokinetic knee extension and flexion. Eur J Appl Physiol 97:322–326PubMedCrossRef

Kuruganti U, Murphy T (2008) Bilateral deficit expressions and myoelectric signal activity during submaximal and maximal isometric knee extensions in young, athletic males. Eur J Appl Physiol 102:721–726PubMedCrossRef

Kuruganti U, Murphy T, Pardy T (2011) Bilateral deficit phenomenon and the role of antagonist muscle activity during maximal isometric knee extensions in young, athletic men. Eur J Appl Physiol 111:1533–1539PubMedCrossRef

Kuypers HG (1978) The motor system and the capacity to execute highly fractionated distal extremity movements. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl 429–431

Lago P, Jones NB (1977) Effect of motor-unit firing time statistics on e.m.g. spectra. Med Biol Eng Comput 15:648–655PubMedCrossRef

Lawrence J, De Luca C (1983) Myoelectric signal versus force relationship in different human muscles. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 54:1653–1659PubMed

Lieber R, Loren G, Friden J (1994) In vivo measurement of human wrist extensor muscle sarcomere length changes. J Neurophysiol 71:874–881PubMed

Luft AR, Smith GV, Forrester L et al (2002) Comparing brain activation associated with isolated upper and lower limb movement across corresponding joints. Hum Brain Mapp 17:131–140. doi:10.1002/hbm.10058 PubMedCrossRef

MacDonald M, Losier D, Chester V, Kuruganti U (2014) Comparison of bilateral and unilateral contractions between swimmers and nonathletes during leg press and hand grip exercises. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 39:1245–1249PubMedCrossRef

Magnus C, Farthing J (2008) Greater bilateral deficit in leg press than in handgrip exercise might be linked to differences in postural stability requirements. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 33:1132–1139PubMedCrossRef

Matkowski B, Martin A, Lepers R (2011) Comparison of maximal unilateral versus bilateral voluntary contraction force. Eur J Appl Physiol 111:1571–1578PubMedCrossRef

McCurdy K, O’Kelley E, Kutz M et al (2010) Comparison of lower extremity EMG between the 2-leg squat and modified single-leg squat in female athletes. J Sport Rehabil 19:57–70PubMedCrossRef

Merton P (1954) Voluntary strength and fatigue. J Physiol 123:553–564

Meyer B, Roricht S, von Einsiedel HG (1995) Inhibitory and excitatory interhemispheric transfers between motor cortical areas in normal humans and patients with abnormalities of the corpus callosum. Brain 118:429–440PubMedCrossRef

Meyer B, Röricht S, Woiciechowsky C (1998) Topography of fibers in the human corpus callosum mediating interhemispheric inhibition between the motor cortices. Ann Neurol 43:360–369PubMedCrossRef

Miller AE, MacDougall JD, Tarnopolsky MA, Sale DG (1993) Gender differences in strength and muscle fiber characteristics. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 66:254–262PubMedCrossRef

Moritani T, Oddsson L, Thorstensson A (1991) Activation patterns of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles during different motor tasks. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 1:81–88PubMedCrossRef

Narici M, De Boer M (2011) Disuse of the musculo-skeletal system in space and on earth. Eur J Appl Physiol 111:403–420PubMedCrossRef

Nijem R, Galpin A (2014) Unilateral versus bilateral exercise and the role of the bilateral force deficit. Strength Cond J 36:113–118CrossRef

Oda S (1997) Motor control for bilateral muscular contractions in humans. Jpn J Physiol 47:487–498PubMedCrossRef

Oda S, Moritani T (1994) Maximal isometric force and neural activity during bilateral and unilateral elbow flexion in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 69:240–243PubMedCrossRef

Oda S, Moritani T (1995) Movement-related cortical potentials during handgrip contractions with special reference to force and electromyogram bilateral deficit. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 72:1–5PubMedCrossRef

Oda S, Moritani T (1996) Cross-correlation studies of movement-related cortical potentials during unilateral and bilateral muscle contractions in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 74:29–35PubMedCrossRef

Ohtsuki T (1981) Decrease in grip strength induced by simultaneous bilateral exertion with reference to finger strength. Ergonomics 24:37–48PubMedCrossRef

Ohtsuki T (1983) Decrease in human voluntary isometric arm strength induced by simultaneous bilateral exertion. Behav Brain Res 7:165–178PubMedCrossRef

Owings T, Grabiner M (1998a) Normally aging older adults demonstrate the bilateral deficit during ramp and hold contractions. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 53:B425–B429PubMedCrossRef

Owings T, Grabiner M (1998b) Fatigue effects on the bilateral deficit are speed dependent. Med Sci Sports Exerc 30:1257–1262PubMedCrossRef

Pain M (2014) Considerations for single and double leg drop jumps: bilateral deficit, standardizing drop height, and equalizing training load. J Appl Biomech 30:722–727PubMedCrossRef

Palmer E, Ashby P (1992) Corticospinal projections to upper limb motoneurones in humans. J Physiol 448:397–412PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Pandya DN, Vignolo LA (1971) Intra- and interhemispheric projections of the precentral, premotor and arcuate areas in the rhesus monkey. Brain Res 26:217–233PubMedCrossRef

Perez M, Butler J, Taylor J (2014) Modulation of transcallosal inhibition by bilateral activation of agonist and antagonist proximal arm muscles. J Neurophysiol 111:405–414PubMedCrossRef

Post M, van Duinen H, Steens A, Renken R (2007) Reduced cortical activity during maximal bilateral contractions of the index finger. Neuroimage 35:16–27PubMedCrossRef

Rejc E, Lazzer S, Antonutto G et al (2010) Bilateral deficit and EMG activity during explosive lower limb contractions against different overloads. Eur J Appl Physiol 108:157–165PubMedCrossRef

Rejc E, di Prampero P, Lazzer S et al (2015) A 35-day bed rest does not alter the bilateral deficit of the lower limbs during explosive efforts. Eur J Appl Physiol 115:1323–1330PubMedCrossRef

Rouiller EM, Babalian A, Kazennikov O et al (1994) Transcallosal connections of the distal forelimb representations of the primary and supplementary motor cortical areas in macaque monkeys. Exp Brain Res 102:227–243PubMedCrossRef

Roy MA, Sylvestre M, Katch FI et al (1990) Proprioceptive facilitation of muscle tension during unilateral and bilateral knee extension. Int J Sports Med 11:289–292. doi:10.1055/s-2007-1024809 PubMedCrossRef

Rutherford O, Jones D (1986) The role of learning and coordination in strength training. Eur J Appl Physiol 55:100–105CrossRef

Sale D, MacDougall D (1981) Specificity in strength training: a review for the coach and athlete. Can J Appl Physiol 6:87–92

Samozino P, Rejc E, di Prampero P et al (2014) Force–velocity properties’ contribution to bilateral deficit during ballistic push-off. Med Sci Sports Exerc 46:107–114PubMedCrossRef

Santana J (2001) Single-leg training for 2-legged sports: efficacy of strength development in athletic performance. Strength Cond J 23:35–37CrossRef

Schantz P, Moritani T, Karlson E et al (1989) Maximal voluntary force of bilateral and unilateral leg extension. Acta Physiol Scand 136:185–192PubMedCrossRef

Secher NH (1975) Isometric rowing strength of experienced and inexperienced oarsmen. Med Sci Sports 7:280–283PubMed

Secher N (1976) Contralateral influence on recruitment of type I muscle fibres during maximum voluntary contractions of the legs. Acta Physiol Scand 103:456–462CrossRef

Secher N, Rørsgaard S, Secher O (1978) Contralateral influence on recruitment of curarized muscle fibres during maximal voluntary extension of the legs. Acta Physiol Scand 103:456–462PubMedCrossRef

Secher N, Rube N, Elers J (1988) Strength of two- and one-leg extension in man. Acta Physiol Scand 134:333–339PubMedCrossRef

Seki T, Ohtsuki T (1990) Influence of simultaneous bilateral exertion on muscle strength during voluntary submaximal isometric contraction. Ergonomics 33:1131–1142PubMedCrossRef

Sherrington CS (1910) Flexion-reflex of the limb, crossed extension-reflex, and reflex stepping and standing. J Physiol 40:28–121PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Shinohara M, Yoshitake Y, Kouzaki M et al (2003) Strength training counteracts motor performance losses during bed rest. J Appl Physiol 95:1485–1492PubMedCrossRef

Siegler S, Hillstrom H, Freedman W, Moskowitz G (1985) Effect of myoelectric signal processing on the relationship between muscle force and processed EMG. Am J Phys Med 64:130–149PubMed

Simoneau-Buessinger E, Leteneur S, Toumi A et al (2015) Bilateral strength deficit is not neural in origin; rather due to dynamometer mechanical configuration. PLoS One 10:e0145077. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145077 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Škarabot J, Perellón Alfonso R, Cronin N et al Corticospinal and transcallosal modulation of unilateral and bilateral contractions of lower limbs. (Manucript in preparation)

Solomonow M, Baratta R, Shoji H, D’Ambrosia R (1990) The EMG–force relationships of skeletal muscle; dependence on contraction rate, and motor units control strategy. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 30:141–152PubMed

Soteropoulos D, Perez M (2011) Physiological changes underlying bilateral isometric arm voluntary contractions in healthy humans. J Neurophysiol 105:1594–1602PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Takebayashi H, Yagi F, Miyamoto K et al (2009) Interaction interference between arm and leg: division of attention through muscle force regulation. Hum Mov Sci 28:752–759. doi:10.1016/j.humov.2009.04.005 PubMedCrossRef

Taniguchi Y (1997) Lateral specificity in resistance training: the effect of bilateral and unilateral training. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 75:144–150PubMedCrossRef

Taniguchi Y (1998) Relationship between the modifications of bilateral deficit in upper and lower limbs by resistance training in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 78:226–230PubMedCrossRef

Taylor J (2006) Stimulation at the cervicomedullary junction in human subjects. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 16:215–223PubMedCrossRef

Teixeira A, Narciso J, Narciso J et al (2013) Bilateral deficit in maximal isometric knee extension in trained men. J Exerc Physiol Online 16:28–35

Thorstensson A, Grimby G, Karlsson J (1976) Force–velocity relations and fiber composition in human knee extensor muscles. J Appl Physiol 40:12–16PubMed

Tihanyi J, Apor P, Fekete G (1982) Force–velocity–power characteristics and fiber composition in human knee extensor muscles. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 48:331–343PubMedCrossRef

Van Dieën J, Ogita F, De Haan A (2003) Reduced neural drive in bilateral exertions: a performance-limiting factor? Med Sci Sports Exerc 35:111–118PubMedCrossRef

van Soest A, Roebroeck M, Bobbert M et al (1985) A comparison of one-legged and two-legged countermovement jumps. Med Sci Sports Exerc 17:635–639PubMedCrossRef

Vandervoort A, Sale D, Moroz J (1984) Comparison of motor unit activation during unilateral and bilateral leg extension. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 56:46–51PubMed

Vandervoort A, Sale D, Moroz J (1987) Strength–velocity relationship and fatiguability of unilateral versus bilateral arm extension. Eur J Appl Physiol Occupational Physiol 56:201–205CrossRef

Veligekas P, Bogdanis G (2013) Bilateral deficit in vertical jumping in pre-pubertal boys and girls. J Phys Educ Sport 13:120–126

Vint P, McLean S (1999) Maximal and submaximal expressions of the bilateral deficit phenomenon

Volz LJ, Eickhoff SB, Pool E-M et al (2015) Differential modulation of motor network connectivity during movements of the upper and lower limbs. Neuroimage 119:44–53. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.101 PubMedCrossRef

Wassermann E, Fuhr P, Cohen L, Hallett M (1991) Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on ipsilateral muscles. Neurology 41:1795–1799PubMedCrossRef

Weir J, Housh D, Housh T, Weir L (1995) The effect of unilateral eccentric weight training and detraining on joint angle specificity, cross-training, and the bilateral deficit. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 22:207–215PubMedCrossRef

Weir J, Housh D, Housh T, Weir L (1997) The effect of unilateral concentric weight training and detraining on joint angle specificity, cross-training, and the bilateral deficit. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 25:264–270PubMedCrossRef

Yedimenko J, Perez M (2010) The effect of bilateral isometric forces in different directions on motor cortical function in humans. J Neurophysiol 104:2922–2931PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Zijdewind I, Kernell D (2001) Bilateral interactions during contractions of intrinsic hand muscles. J Neurophysiol 85:1907–1913PubMed

Zwarts MJ, Stegeman DF (2003) Multichannel surface EMG: basic aspects and clinical utility. Muscle Nerve 28:1–17. doi:10.1002/mus.10358 PubMedCrossRef

Titel: Bilateral deficit in maximal force production
verfasst von: Jakob Škarabot
Neil Cronin
Vojko Strojnik
Janne Avela
Publikationsdatum: 31.08.2016
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: European Journal of Applied Physiology / Ausgabe 11-12/2016
Print ISSN: 1439-6319
Elektronische ISSN: 1439-6327
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3458-z

Neu im Fachgebiet Arbeitsmedizin

Das Geschlechterparadoxon in der gesundheitlich beeinträchtigten Lebenszeit – Ende eines Mythos?

Open Access Hüftgelenksbewegungseinschränkung Leitthema

Beginnend mit den 1920er-Jahren hat sich eine Vorstellung über die Geschlechterdifferenzen in Gesundheit und Mortalität etabliert, die von Lorber und Moore in dem einprägsamen Satz: „Women get sicker, but men die quicker“, zusammengefasst wurde [ 1 …, S. 13]. Tatsächlich erscheinen vor dem Hintergrund der höheren Lebenserwartung der Frauen die Studienergebnisse zu den Geschlechterdifferenzen in der Morbidität überraschend, wonach Frauen im Durchschnitt einen schlechteren Gesundheitszustand aufweisen als Männer [

Gesunde Lebenserwartung: Ein kritischer Blick auf Nutzen und Potenziale des demographischen Gesundheitsindikators

Open Access Leitthema

Die demographische Alterung hat vielfältige gesellschaftliche Konsequenzen, deren Ausmaß wesentlich vom Gesundheitszustand der Bevölkerung abhängt. Um diesen analysieren und bewerten zu können, wurden spezielle Kennziffern entwickelt, die in …

Wie hat sich die Lebenserwartung ohne funktionelle Einschränkungen in Deutschland entwickelt? Eine Analyse mit Daten des Deutschen Alterssurveys (DEAS)

Open Access Hüftgelenksbewegungseinschränkung Leitthema

Deutschland erfährt, wie andere Hocheinkommensstaaten, aufgrund kontinuierlich rückläufiger Mortalität und niedriger Geburtenraten tiefgreifende demografische Veränderungen. Der demografische Wandel führt in Deutschland zu einem zunehmend höheren …

Hitzeschutz im Fokus der hessischen Betreuungs- und Pflegeaufsicht

Open Access Klimawandel Übersichtsartikel

Im Sommer 2023 kündigte das Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (BMG) einen nationalen Hitzeschutzplan an und forderte die Länder auf, zu prüfen, „ob die Warnstufen des [Deutschen Wetterdienstes] DWD mit der Durchführung von Akutmaßnahmen …

Live-Webinar "Urologie und Sexualmedizin in der Praxis"

Springer Medizin

Bilateral deficit in maximal force production

Abstract

Neu im Fachgebiet Arbeitsmedizin

Das Geschlechterparadoxon in der gesundheitlich beeinträchtigten Lebenszeit – Ende eines Mythos?

Gesunde Lebenserwartung: Ein kritischer Blick auf Nutzen und Potenziale des demographischen Gesundheitsindikators

Wie hat sich die Lebenserwartung ohne funktionelle Einschränkungen in Deutschland entwickelt? Eine Analyse mit Daten des Deutschen Alterssurveys (DEAS)

Hitzeschutz im Fokus der hessischen Betreuungs- und Pflegeaufsicht

Live-Webinar "Urologie und Sexualmedizin in der Praxis"

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 11-12/2016

Do maximal aerobic power and anaerobic capacity start really to decrease at the fourth decade of life?

An integrated view on the oxygenation responses to incremental exercise at the brain, the locomotor and respiratory muscles

Acknowledgement to referees

Running decreases knee intra-articular cytokine and cartilage oligomeric matrix concentrations: a pilot study

Markers of biological stress in response to a single session of high-intensity interval training and high-volume training in young athletes

Cardiac stroke volume variability measured non-invasively by three methods for detection of central hypovolemia in healthy humans

Neu im Fachgebiet Arbeitsmedizin

Das Geschlechterparadoxon in der gesundheitlich beeinträchtigten Lebenszeit – Ende eines Mythos?

Gesunde Lebenserwartung: Ein kritischer Blick auf Nutzen und Potenziale des demographischen Gesundheitsindikators

Wie hat sich die Lebenserwartung ohne funktionelle Einschränkungen in Deutschland entwickelt? Eine Analyse mit Daten des Deutschen Alterssurveys (DEAS)

Hitzeschutz im Fokus der hessischen Betreuungs- und Pflegeaufsicht