Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 2/2008

01.05.2008 | Review

The role of cyclooxygenase-2 in breast cancer: review

verfasst von: Gurpreet Singh-Ranger, Mohamed Salhab, Kefah Mokbel

Erschienen in: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment | Ausgabe 2/2008

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

There is a growing body of evidence that COX-2 expression s a fundamental step in breast cancer pathogenesis acting through prostaglandin-dependent and independent mechanisms. Epidemiological studies suggest that NSAIDs confer a moderate degree of benefit against breast cancer. However further work is required to establish how this enzyme system can be best manipulated for therapeutic benefit.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Sasco AJ (2003) Breast cancer and the environment. Horm Res 60(Suppl 3):50PubMed Sasco AJ (2003) Breast cancer and the environment. Horm Res 60(Suppl 3):50PubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Picot D, Loll PJ, Garavito RM (1994) The X-Ray crystal structure of the membrane protein prostaglandin H2 synthase-1. Nature 367(6460):243–249PubMed Picot D, Loll PJ, Garavito RM (1994) The X-Ray crystal structure of the membrane protein prostaglandin H2 synthase-1. Nature 367(6460):243–249PubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Hla T, Bishop-Bailey D, Liu CH, Schaefers HJ, Trifan OC (1999) Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 isoenzymes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 31(5):551–557PubMed Hla T, Bishop-Bailey D, Liu CH, Schaefers HJ, Trifan OC (1999) Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 isoenzymes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 31(5):551–557PubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Smith WL, Garavito M, Dewitt DL (1996) Prostaglandin endoperoxide-H synthases-1 and -2. J Biol Chem 271(52):33157–33160PubMed Smith WL, Garavito M, Dewitt DL (1996) Prostaglandin endoperoxide-H synthases-1 and -2. J Biol Chem 271(52):33157–33160PubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Appleby SB, Ristimaki A, Neilson K, Narko K, Hla T (1994) Structure of the human cyclooxygenase-2 gene. Biochem J 302(3):723–1127PubMed Appleby SB, Ristimaki A, Neilson K, Narko K, Hla T (1994) Structure of the human cyclooxygenase-2 gene. Biochem J 302(3):723–1127PubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Kujubu DA, Herschman HR (1992) Dexamethasone inhibits mitogen induction of the TS10 prostaglandin synthase/cyclooxygenase gene. J Biol Chem 267(12):7991–7994PubMed Kujubu DA, Herschman HR (1992) Dexamethasone inhibits mitogen induction of the TS10 prostaglandin synthase/cyclooxygenase gene. J Biol Chem 267(12):7991–7994PubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Herschman HR (1996) Prostaglandin synthase-2. Biochim Biophys Acta 1299(1):125–140PubMed Herschman HR (1996) Prostaglandin synthase-2. Biochim Biophys Acta 1299(1):125–140PubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Appleby SB, Ristimaki A, Neilson K, Narko K, Hla T (1994) Structure of the human cyclooxygenase-2 gene. Biochem J 302(3):723–727PubMed Appleby SB, Ristimaki A, Neilson K, Narko K, Hla T (1994) Structure of the human cyclooxygenase-2 gene. Biochem J 302(3):723–727PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Yamagata K, Andreasson KI, Kaufmann WE, Barnes CA, Worley PF (1993) Expression of a mitogen-inducible cyclooxygenase in brain neurones: regulation by synaptic activity and glucocorticoids. Neuron 11(4):371–386PubMed Yamagata K, Andreasson KI, Kaufmann WE, Barnes CA, Worley PF (1993) Expression of a mitogen-inducible cyclooxygenase in brain neurones: regulation by synaptic activity and glucocorticoids. Neuron 11(4):371–386PubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Simmons DL, Xie W, Chipman JG, Evett GE (1991) Multiple cyclooxygenases: cloning of a mitogen-inducible form. In: Bailey JM (ed) Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, lipoxins and PAF. Plenum Press, New York, pp67–88 Simmons DL, Xie W, Chipman JG, Evett GE (1991) Multiple cyclooxygenases: cloning of a mitogen-inducible form. In: Bailey JM (ed) Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, lipoxins and PAF. Plenum Press, New York, pp67–88
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Walenga RW, Kester M, Coroneos E, Butcher S, Dwivedi R, Statt C (1996) Constitutive expression of prostaglandin endoperoxide G/H synthetase (PGHS)-2 but not PGHS-1 in human tracheal epithelial cells in vitro. Prostaglandins 52(5):341–359PubMed Walenga RW, Kester M, Coroneos E, Butcher S, Dwivedi R, Statt C (1996) Constitutive expression of prostaglandin endoperoxide G/H synthetase (PGHS)-2 but not PGHS-1 in human tracheal epithelial cells in vitro. Prostaglandins 52(5):341–359PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Harris RC, McKanna JA, Akai Y, Jacobson HR, Dubois RN, Breyer MD (1994) Cyclooxygenase-2 is associated with the macula densa of rat kidney and increases with salt restriction. J Clin Invest 94(6):2504–2510PubMed Harris RC, McKanna JA, Akai Y, Jacobson HR, Dubois RN, Breyer MD (1994) Cyclooxygenase-2 is associated with the macula densa of rat kidney and increases with salt restriction. J Clin Invest 94(6):2504–2510PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Spencer AG, Woods JW, Arakawa T, Singer II, Smith WL (1998) Subcellular localisation of prostaglandin endoperoxidase H synthases-1 and -2 by immunoelectron microscopy. J Biol Chem 273(16):9886–9893PubMed Spencer AG, Woods JW, Arakawa T, Singer II, Smith WL (1998) Subcellular localisation of prostaglandin endoperoxidase H synthases-1 and -2 by immunoelectron microscopy. J Biol Chem 273(16):9886–9893PubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Fitzpatrick FA, Soberman R (2001) Regulated formation of eicosanoids. J Clin Invest 107(11):1347–1351PubMed Fitzpatrick FA, Soberman R (2001) Regulated formation of eicosanoids. J Clin Invest 107(11):1347–1351PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Murakami M, Naraba H, Tanioka T, Semmyo N, Nkatari Y, Kojima F, Ikeda T, Fueki M, Ueno A, Oh S, Kudo I (2000) Regulation of prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis by inducible membrane-associated prostalglandin E2 synthase that acts in concert with cyclooxygenase-2. J Biol Chem 275(42):32783–32792PubMed Murakami M, Naraba H, Tanioka T, Semmyo N, Nkatari Y, Kojima F, Ikeda T, Fueki M, Ueno A, Oh S, Kudo I (2000) Regulation of prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis by inducible membrane-associated prostalglandin E2 synthase that acts in concert with cyclooxygenase-2. J Biol Chem 275(42):32783–32792PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Tanioka T, Nakatani Y, Semmyo N, Murakami M, Kudo I (2000) Molecular identification of cytosolic prostaglandin E2 synthase that is functionally coupled with cyclooxygenase-1 in immediate prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 275(42):32775–32782PubMed Tanioka T, Nakatani Y, Semmyo N, Murakami M, Kudo I (2000) Molecular identification of cytosolic prostaglandin E2 synthase that is functionally coupled with cyclooxygenase-1 in immediate prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 275(42):32775–32782PubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Dinchuk JE, Car BD, Focht RJ, Johnston JJ, Jaffee BD, Covington MB, Contel NR, Eng VM, Collins RJ, Czemiak PM (1995) Renal abnormalities and an altered inflammatory response in mice lacking cyclooxygenase-2. Nature 378(6555):406–409PubMed Dinchuk JE, Car BD, Focht RJ, Johnston JJ, Jaffee BD, Covington MB, Contel NR, Eng VM, Collins RJ, Czemiak PM (1995) Renal abnormalities and an altered inflammatory response in mice lacking cyclooxygenase-2. Nature 378(6555):406–409PubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Lim H, Paria BC, Das SK, Dinchuk JE, Langenbach R, Trzaskos JM, Dey SK (1997) Multiple female reproductive failures in cyclooxygenase-2 deficient mice. Cell 91(2):197–208PubMed Lim H, Paria BC, Das SK, Dinchuk JE, Langenbach R, Trzaskos JM, Dey SK (1997) Multiple female reproductive failures in cyclooxygenase-2 deficient mice. Cell 91(2):197–208PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Davis BJ, Lennard DE, Lee CA, Tiano HF, Morham SG, Wetsel WC, Langenbach R (1999) Anovulation in cyclooxygenase-2 deficient mice is restored by prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-1 beta. Endocrinology 140(6):2685–2695PubMed Davis BJ, Lennard DE, Lee CA, Tiano HF, Morham SG, Wetsel WC, Langenbach R (1999) Anovulation in cyclooxygenase-2 deficient mice is restored by prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-1 beta. Endocrinology 140(6):2685–2695PubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Morham SG, Langenbach R, Loftin CD, Tiano HF, Vouloumanos N, Jennette JC, Mahler JF, Kluckman KD, Ledford A, Lee CA (1995) Prostaglandin synthase-2 gene disruption causes severe renal pathology in the mouse. Cell 83(3):473–482PubMed Morham SG, Langenbach R, Loftin CD, Tiano HF, Vouloumanos N, Jennette JC, Mahler JF, Kluckman KD, Ledford A, Lee CA (1995) Prostaglandin synthase-2 gene disruption causes severe renal pathology in the mouse. Cell 83(3):473–482PubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Loftin CD, Trivedi DR, Tiano HF, Clark JA, Lee CA, Epstein JA, Morham SG, Breyer MD, Nguyen M, Hawkins BM (2001) Failure of ductus arteriosus closure and remodelling in neonatal mice deficient in cyclooxygenase-1 and -2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(3):1059–1064PubMed Loftin CD, Trivedi DR, Tiano HF, Clark JA, Lee CA, Epstein JA, Morham SG, Breyer MD, Nguyen M, Hawkins BM (2001) Failure of ductus arteriosus closure and remodelling in neonatal mice deficient in cyclooxygenase-1 and -2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(3):1059–1064PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Rocca B, Spain LM, Pure E, langenbach R, Patrono C, Fitzgerald GA (1999) Distinct roles of prostaglandin H synthases-1 and -2 in T-cell development. J Clin Invest 103(10):1469–1477PubMed Rocca B, Spain LM, Pure E, langenbach R, Patrono C, Fitzgerald GA (1999) Distinct roles of prostaglandin H synthases-1 and -2 in T-cell development. J Clin Invest 103(10):1469–1477PubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Ohki S, Ogino N, Yamamoto S, Hayaishi O (1979) Prostaglandin hydrperoxidase, an integral part of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase from bovine vesicular gland microsomes. J Biol Chem 254(3):829–836PubMed Ohki S, Ogino N, Yamamoto S, Hayaishi O (1979) Prostaglandin hydrperoxidase, an integral part of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase from bovine vesicular gland microsomes. J Biol Chem 254(3):829–836PubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Munroe DG, Wang EY, MacIntyre JP, Tam SS, Lee DH, Taylor GR, Zhou L, Plante RK, Kazami SM, Bauerle PA (1995) Novel intracellular signalling function of prostaglandin H synthase-1 in NF-kappa β activation. J Inflamm 45(4):260–268PubMed Munroe DG, Wang EY, MacIntyre JP, Tam SS, Lee DH, Taylor GR, Zhou L, Plante RK, Kazami SM, Bauerle PA (1995) Novel intracellular signalling function of prostaglandin H synthase-1 in NF-kappa β activation. J Inflamm 45(4):260–268PubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Josephy PD, Eling TE, Mason RP (1983) Co-oxidation of benzidine by prostaglandin synthase and comparison with the action of horseradish peroxidase. J Biol Chem 258(9):5561–5569PubMed Josephy PD, Eling TE, Mason RP (1983) Co-oxidation of benzidine by prostaglandin synthase and comparison with the action of horseradish peroxidase. J Biol Chem 258(9):5561–5569PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Hwang D, Scollard D, Byrne J, Levine E (1998) Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in human breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 90(6):455–460PubMed Hwang D, Scollard D, Byrne J, Levine E (1998) Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in human breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 90(6):455–460PubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Soslow RA, Dannenberg AJ, Rush D, Woerner BM, Khan KN, Masferrer J, Koki AT (2000) Cyclooxygenase-2 is expressed in human pulmonary, colonic and mammary tumours. Cancer 89(12):2637–2645PubMed Soslow RA, Dannenberg AJ, Rush D, Woerner BM, Khan KN, Masferrer J, Koki AT (2000) Cyclooxygenase-2 is expressed in human pulmonary, colonic and mammary tumours. Cancer 89(12):2637–2645PubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Ristimaki A, Sivula A, Lundin J, Lundin M, Salminen T, Haglund C, Joensuu H, Isola J (2002) Prognostic significance of elevated cyclooxygenase-2 expression in breast cancer. Cancer Res 62(3):632–635PubMed Ristimaki A, Sivula A, Lundin J, Lundin M, Salminen T, Haglund C, Joensuu H, Isola J (2002) Prognostic significance of elevated cyclooxygenase-2 expression in breast cancer. Cancer Res 62(3):632–635PubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Half E, Tang XM, Gwyn K, Sahin A, Wathen K, Sinicrope FA (2002) Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human breast cancers and adjacent ductal carcinoma in situ. Cancer Res 62:1676–1681PubMed Half E, Tang XM, Gwyn K, Sahin A, Wathen K, Sinicrope FA (2002) Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human breast cancers and adjacent ductal carcinoma in situ. Cancer Res 62:1676–1681PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Boland GP, Butt IP, Prasad R, Knox WF, Bundred NJ (2004) COX-2 expression is associated with an aggressive phenotype in ductal carcinoma in situ. Br J Cancer 90:423–429PubMed Boland GP, Butt IP, Prasad R, Knox WF, Bundred NJ (2004) COX-2 expression is associated with an aggressive phenotype in ductal carcinoma in situ. Br J Cancer 90:423–429PubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Kelly LM, Hill ADK, Kennedy S, Connolly EM, Ramanath R, Teh S, Dijkstra B, Purcell R, McDermott EW, O’Higgins N (2002) Lack of prognostic effect of COX-2 expression in primary breast cancer on short term follow-up. Eur J Surg Oncol 29:707–710 Kelly LM, Hill ADK, Kennedy S, Connolly EM, Ramanath R, Teh S, Dijkstra B, Purcell R, McDermott EW, O’Higgins N (2002) Lack of prognostic effect of COX-2 expression in primary breast cancer on short term follow-up. Eur J Surg Oncol 29:707–710
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Singh Ranger G, Thomas V, Jewell A, Mokbel K (2004) Elevated cyclooxygenase-2 expression correlates with distant metastases in breast cancer. Anticancer Res 24(4):2349–2351 Singh Ranger G, Thomas V, Jewell A, Mokbel K (2004) Elevated cyclooxygenase-2 expression correlates with distant metastases in breast cancer. Anticancer Res 24(4):2349–2351
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Kirkpatrick K, Ogunkolade W, Bustin S, Jenkins P, Ghilchik M, Mokbel K (2001) The mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 69(3):373 Kirkpatrick K, Ogunkolade W, Bustin S, Jenkins P, Ghilchik M, Mokbel K (2001) The mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 69(3):373
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Watanabe O, Shimizu T, Imamura H, Kinoshita J, Utada Y, Okabe T, Kimura K, Hirano A, Yoshimatsu K, Aiba M, Ogawa K (2003) Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in malignant and benign breast tumours. Anticancer Res 23(4):3215–3221PubMed Watanabe O, Shimizu T, Imamura H, Kinoshita J, Utada Y, Okabe T, Kimura K, Hirano A, Yoshimatsu K, Aiba M, Ogawa K (2003) Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in malignant and benign breast tumours. Anticancer Res 23(4):3215–3221PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Yoshimura N, Sano H, Okamoto M, Akioka K, Ushogome H, Kadotani Y, Yoshimura R, Nobori S, Higuchi A, Ohmori Y, Nakamura K (2003) Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in human breast cancer. Surg Today 33:805–811PubMed Yoshimura N, Sano H, Okamoto M, Akioka K, Ushogome H, Kadotani Y, Yoshimura R, Nobori S, Higuchi A, Ohmori Y, Nakamura K (2003) Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in human breast cancer. Surg Today 33:805–811PubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhao XQ, Pang D, Xue YW (2003) Expression of the cyclooxygenase-2 gene in human breast carcinoma. Zhongua Wai Ke Za Zhi 41(6):427–429 Zhao XQ, Pang D, Xue YW (2003) Expression of the cyclooxygenase-2 gene in human breast carcinoma. Zhongua Wai Ke Za Zhi 41(6):427–429
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Guo GL, Yao ZX, Wu J (2003) The clinical significance of expression of cyclooxygenase-2 gene in breast cancer. Zhongua Yi Xue Za Zhi 83(19):1661–1664 Guo GL, Yao ZX, Wu J (2003) The clinical significance of expression of cyclooxygenase-2 gene in breast cancer. Zhongua Yi Xue Za Zhi 83(19):1661–1664
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Singh Ranger G, Kirkpatrick KL, Clark GM, Mokbel K (2003) Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression correlates with progesterone receptor positivity in human breast cancer. Curr Med Res Opin 19(2):131–134PubMed Singh Ranger G, Kirkpatrick KL, Clark GM, Mokbel K (2003) Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression correlates with progesterone receptor positivity in human breast cancer. Curr Med Res Opin 19(2):131–134PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Appleby SB, Ristimaki A, Neilson K, Narko K, Hla T (1994) Structure of the human cyclooxygenase-2 gene. Biochem J 302(3):723–727PubMed Appleby SB, Ristimaki A, Neilson K, Narko K, Hla T (1994) Structure of the human cyclooxygenase-2 gene. Biochem J 302(3):723–727PubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Kosaka T, Miyata A, Ihara H, Hara S, Sugimoto T, Takedo O, Takahashi E, Tanabe T (1994) Characterisation of the human gene (PTGS2) encoding prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2. Eur J Biochem 221:889–897PubMed Kosaka T, Miyata A, Ihara H, Hara S, Sugimoto T, Takedo O, Takahashi E, Tanabe T (1994) Characterisation of the human gene (PTGS2) encoding prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2. Eur J Biochem 221:889–897PubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen C-Y, Shyu A-B (1995) AU-rich elements; characterisation and importance in mRNA degradation. Trends Biochem Sci 20:465–470PubMed Chen C-Y, Shyu A-B (1995) AU-rich elements; characterisation and importance in mRNA degradation. Trends Biochem Sci 20:465–470PubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Ristimaki A, Garfinkel S, Wessendorf J, Maciag T, Hla T (1994) Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 by interleukin 1-alpha. Evidence for post-transcriptional regulation. J Biol Chem 269:11769–11775PubMed Ristimaki A, Garfinkel S, Wessendorf J, Maciag T, Hla T (1994) Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 by interleukin 1-alpha. Evidence for post-transcriptional regulation. J Biol Chem 269:11769–11775PubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Srivasta SK, Tetsuka T, Daphna-Iken D, Morrison AR (1994) IL 1 beta stabilises COX II mRNA in renal mesangial cells; role of 3′ untranslated region. Am J Physiol 36:F504–F508 Srivasta SK, Tetsuka T, Daphna-Iken D, Morrison AR (1994) IL 1 beta stabilises COX II mRNA in renal mesangial cells; role of 3′ untranslated region. Am J Physiol 36:F504–F508
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Evett GE, Xie W, Chipman JG, Robertson DL, Simmons DL, Prostaglandin GH (1993) Synthase isoenyme 2 expression in fibroblasts: regulation by dexamethasone, mitogens and oncogenes. Arch Biochem Biophys 306:169–177PubMed Evett GE, Xie W, Chipman JG, Robertson DL, Simmons DL, Prostaglandin GH (1993) Synthase isoenyme 2 expression in fibroblasts: regulation by dexamethasone, mitogens and oncogenes. Arch Biochem Biophys 306:169–177PubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Ristimaki A, Narko K, Hla T (1996) Downregulation of cytokine-induced cyclooxygenase-2 transcript isoforms by dexamethasone: evidence for post-transcriptional regulation. Biochem J 318(1):325–331PubMed Ristimaki A, Narko K, Hla T (1996) Downregulation of cytokine-induced cyclooxygenase-2 transcript isoforms by dexamethasone: evidence for post-transcriptional regulation. Biochem J 318(1):325–331PubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Sorlie T, Perou CM, Tibshirani R (2001) Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications. PNAS USA 98:10869–10874PubMed Sorlie T, Perou CM, Tibshirani R (2001) Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications. PNAS USA 98:10869–10874PubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Brueggemeier RW, Richards JA, Petrel TA (2003) Aromatase and cyclooxygenases: enzymes in breast cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 86:501–507PubMed Brueggemeier RW, Richards JA, Petrel TA (2003) Aromatase and cyclooxygenases: enzymes in breast cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 86:501–507PubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Read DL, Greene GL, Katzenellenbogen BS (1989) Regulation of estrogen receptor messenger ribonulcelic acid and protein levels in human breast cancer cell lines by sex steroid hormones, their antagonists, and growth factors. Mol Endocrinol 3(2):295–304PubMed Read DL, Greene GL, Katzenellenbogen BS (1989) Regulation of estrogen receptor messenger ribonulcelic acid and protein levels in human breast cancer cell lines by sex steroid hormones, their antagonists, and growth factors. Mol Endocrinol 3(2):295–304PubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Katzenellenbogen BS, Norman MJ (1990) Multihormonal regulation of the progesterone receptor in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells: interrelationships among insulin/insulin-like growth factor-I serum, and estrogen. Endocrinology 126(2):891–898PubMedCrossRef Katzenellenbogen BS, Norman MJ (1990) Multihormonal regulation of the progesterone receptor in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells: interrelationships among insulin/insulin-like growth factor-I serum, and estrogen. Endocrinology 126(2):891–898PubMedCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Cho H, Aronica SM, Katzenellenbogen BS (1994) Regulation of progesterone receptor gene expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells: a comparison of the effects of cyclic adenosine 3′, 5′-Monophosphate, Estradiol, Insulin-like growth factor-I serum, and serum factors. Endocrinology 134(2):658–664PubMed Cho H, Aronica SM, Katzenellenbogen BS (1994) Regulation of progesterone receptor gene expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells: a comparison of the effects of cyclic adenosine 3′, 5′-Monophosphate, Estradiol, Insulin-like growth factor-I serum, and serum factors. Endocrinology 134(2):658–664PubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Vienonen A, Syvala H, Miettinen S, Tuohimaa P, Ylikomi T (2002) Expression of progesterone receptor isoforms A and B is differentially regulated by estrogen in different breast cancer cell lines. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 80:307–313PubMed Vienonen A, Syvala H, Miettinen S, Tuohimaa P, Ylikomi T (2002) Expression of progesterone receptor isoforms A and B is differentially regulated by estrogen in different breast cancer cell lines. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 80:307–313PubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Salhab M, Singh Ranger G, Mokbel R, Jouhra F, Jiang WG, Mokbel K (2007) Cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression correlates with aromatase expression in human breast cancer (in press) Salhab M, Singh Ranger G, Mokbel R, Jouhra F, Jiang WG, Mokbel K (2007) Cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression correlates with aromatase expression in human breast cancer (in press)
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Nakatsugi S, Ohta T, Kawamori T, Mutoh M, Tanigawa T, Watanabe K, Sugie S, Sugimura T, Wakabayashi K (2000) Chemoprevention by nimesulide, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5,6] pyridine (PhIP)-induced mammary gland carcinogenesis in rats. Jpn J Cancer Res 91(9):886–892PubMed Nakatsugi S, Ohta T, Kawamori T, Mutoh M, Tanigawa T, Watanabe K, Sugie S, Sugimura T, Wakabayashi K (2000) Chemoprevention by nimesulide, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5,6] pyridine (PhIP)-induced mammary gland carcinogenesis in rats. Jpn J Cancer Res 91(9):886–892PubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Howe LR, Crawford HC, Subbaramaiah K, Haassell JA, Dannenberg AJ, Brown AMC (2001) PEA-3 is upregulated in response to Wnt1 and activates the expression of cyclooxygenase-2. J Biol Chem 276(23):20108–20115PubMed Howe LR, Crawford HC, Subbaramaiah K, Haassell JA, Dannenberg AJ, Brown AMC (2001) PEA-3 is upregulated in response to Wnt1 and activates the expression of cyclooxygenase-2. J Biol Chem 276(23):20108–20115PubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu CH, Chang SH, narko K, Trifan OC, Wu MT, Smith E, Haudenschild C, Lane TF, Hla T (2001) Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 is sufficient to induce tumorigenesis in transgenic mice. J Biol Chem 276(21):18563–18569PubMed Liu CH, Chang SH, narko K, Trifan OC, Wu MT, Smith E, Haudenschild C, Lane TF, Hla T (2001) Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 is sufficient to induce tumorigenesis in transgenic mice. J Biol Chem 276(21):18563–18569PubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Oshima M, Dinchuk JE, Kargman SL, Oshima H, Hancock B, Kwong E, Trzaskos JM, Evans JF, Taketo MM (1996) Suppression of intestinal polyposis in APC delta 716 knockout mice by inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Cell 87(5):803–809PubMed Oshima M, Dinchuk JE, Kargman SL, Oshima H, Hancock B, Kwong E, Trzaskos JM, Evans JF, Taketo MM (1996) Suppression of intestinal polyposis in APC delta 716 knockout mice by inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Cell 87(5):803–809PubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Shim V, Gauthier ML, Sudilovsky D, Mantei K, Chew KL, Moore DH, Cha I, Tlsty TD, Esserman L (2003) Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is related to nuclear grade in ductal carcinoma in situ and is increased in its normal adjacent epithelium. Cancer Res 63:2347–2350PubMed Shim V, Gauthier ML, Sudilovsky D, Mantei K, Chew KL, Moore DH, Cha I, Tlsty TD, Esserman L (2003) Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is related to nuclear grade in ductal carcinoma in situ and is increased in its normal adjacent epithelium. Cancer Res 63:2347–2350PubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Tan KB, Yong WP, Putti TC (2004) Cyclooxygenase-2 expression: a potential prognostic and predictive marker for high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Histopathology 44(1):24–28PubMed Tan KB, Yong WP, Putti TC (2004) Cyclooxygenase-2 expression: a potential prognostic and predictive marker for high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Histopathology 44(1):24–28PubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Perrone G, Santini D, Vincenzi B, Zagami M, La Cesa A, Bianchi A, Altomare V, Primavera A, Battista C, Vetrani A, Tonini G, Rabitti C (2005) COX-2 expression in DCIS: correlation with VEGF, HER2/neu, prognostic molecular markers and clinicopathological features. Histopathology 46:561–568PubMed Perrone G, Santini D, Vincenzi B, Zagami M, La Cesa A, Bianchi A, Altomare V, Primavera A, Battista C, Vetrani A, Tonini G, Rabitti C (2005) COX-2 expression in DCIS: correlation with VEGF, HER2/neu, prognostic molecular markers and clinicopathological features. Histopathology 46:561–568PubMed
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Howe LR, Subbaramaiah K, Brown AM, Dannenberg AJ (2001) Cyclooxygenase-2: a target for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 8(2):97–114PubMed Howe LR, Subbaramaiah K, Brown AM, Dannenberg AJ (2001) Cyclooxygenase-2: a target for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 8(2):97–114PubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Subbaramaiah K, Telang N, Ramonetti JT, Araki R, DeVito B, Weksler BB, Dannenberg AJ (1996) Transcription of cyclooxygenase-2 is enhanced in transformed mammary epithelial cells. Cancer Res 56(19):4424–4429PubMed Subbaramaiah K, Telang N, Ramonetti JT, Araki R, DeVito B, Weksler BB, Dannenberg AJ (1996) Transcription of cyclooxygenase-2 is enhanced in transformed mammary epithelial cells. Cancer Res 56(19):4424–4429PubMed
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Sheng H, Williams CS, Shao J, Liang P, Dubois RN, Beauchamp RD (1998) Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 by activated Ha-ras oncogene in Rat-1 fibroblasts and the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. J Biol Chem 273(34):22120–22127PubMed Sheng H, Williams CS, Shao J, Liang P, Dubois RN, Beauchamp RD (1998) Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 by activated Ha-ras oncogene in Rat-1 fibroblasts and the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. J Biol Chem 273(34):22120–22127PubMed
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Vadlamudi R, Mandal M, Adam L, Steinbach G, Mendelsohn J, Kumar R (1999) Regulation of the cyclooxygenase-2 pathway by the HER-2 receptor. Oncogene 18(2):305–314PubMed Vadlamudi R, Mandal M, Adam L, Steinbach G, Mendelsohn J, Kumar R (1999) Regulation of the cyclooxygenase-2 pathway by the HER-2 receptor. Oncogene 18(2):305–314PubMed
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Mestre JR, Subbaramaiah K, Sacks PG, Schantz SP, Tanabe T, Inoue H, Dannenberg AJ (1997) Retinoids suppress epidermal growth factor-induced transcription of cyclooxygenase-2 in human oral squamous carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 57(14):2890–2895PubMed Mestre JR, Subbaramaiah K, Sacks PG, Schantz SP, Tanabe T, Inoue H, Dannenberg AJ (1997) Retinoids suppress epidermal growth factor-induced transcription of cyclooxygenase-2 in human oral squamous carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 57(14):2890–2895PubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Xie W, Herschmann HR (1995) v-src induces prostaglandin synthase-2 gene expression by activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase and the c-Jun transcription factor. J Biol Chem 270(46):27622–27628PubMed Xie W, Herschmann HR (1995) v-src induces prostaglandin synthase-2 gene expression by activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase and the c-Jun transcription factor. J Biol Chem 270(46):27622–27628PubMed
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Xie W, Herschmann HR (1996) Transcriptional regulation of prostaglandin synthase-2 gene expression by platelet derived growth factor and serum. J Biol Chem 271(49):31742–31748PubMed Xie W, Herschmann HR (1996) Transcriptional regulation of prostaglandin synthase-2 gene expression by platelet derived growth factor and serum. J Biol Chem 271(49):31742–31748PubMed
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Subbaramaiah K, Altorki N, Chung WJ, Mestre JR, Sampat A, Dannenberg AJ (1999) Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression by p53. J Biol Chem 274(16):10911–10915PubMed Subbaramaiah K, Altorki N, Chung WJ, Mestre JR, Sampat A, Dannenberg AJ (1999) Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression by p53. J Biol Chem 274(16):10911–10915PubMed
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Nolan RD, Danilowicz RM, Eling TE (1988) Role of arachidonic acid metabolism in the mitogenic response of BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts to epidermal growth factor. Mol Pharmacol 33(6):650–656PubMed Nolan RD, Danilowicz RM, Eling TE (1988) Role of arachidonic acid metabolism in the mitogenic response of BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts to epidermal growth factor. Mol Pharmacol 33(6):650–656PubMed
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Goin M, Pignataro O, Jimenez de Asua L (1993) Early cell cycle diacyglycerol (DAG) content and protein kinase C (PKC) activity enhancement potentiates prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) induced mitogenesis in Swiss 3T3 cells. FEBS Lett 316(1):68–72PubMed Goin M, Pignataro O, Jimenez de Asua L (1993) Early cell cycle diacyglycerol (DAG) content and protein kinase C (PKC) activity enhancement potentiates prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) induced mitogenesis in Swiss 3T3 cells. FEBS Lett 316(1):68–72PubMed
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Bandyopadhyay GK, Imagawa W, Wallace D, Nandi S (1987) Linoleate metabolites enhance the in vitro proliferative response of mouse mammary epithelial cells to epidermal growth factor. J Biol Chem 262(6):2750–2756PubMed Bandyopadhyay GK, Imagawa W, Wallace D, Nandi S (1987) Linoleate metabolites enhance the in vitro proliferative response of mouse mammary epithelial cells to epidermal growth factor. J Biol Chem 262(6):2750–2756PubMed
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang M, Sharma S, Mao JT, Dubinett SM (1996) Non-small cell lung cancer-derived soluble mediators and prostaglandin E2 enhance peripheral blood lymphocyte IL-10 transcription and protein synthesis. J Immunol 157(12):5512–5520PubMed Huang M, Sharma S, Mao JT, Dubinett SM (1996) Non-small cell lung cancer-derived soluble mediators and prostaglandin E2 enhance peripheral blood lymphocyte IL-10 transcription and protein synthesis. J Immunol 157(12):5512–5520PubMed
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Stolina M, Sharma S, Zhu L, Dubinett SM (2000) Lung cancer cyclooxygenase-2 dependent inhibition of dendritic cell maturation and function. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 41:619 Stolina M, Sharma S, Zhu L, Dubinett SM (2000) Lung cancer cyclooxygenase-2 dependent inhibition of dendritic cell maturation and function. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 41:619
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Rolland PH, Martin PM, Jacquerier J, Roland AM, Toga M (1980) Prostaglandin production in human breast cancer: evidence suggesting that an elevated prostaglandin production is a marker of high metastatic potential for neoplastic cells. J Natl Cancer Inst 64(5):1061–1070PubMed Rolland PH, Martin PM, Jacquerier J, Roland AM, Toga M (1980) Prostaglandin production in human breast cancer: evidence suggesting that an elevated prostaglandin production is a marker of high metastatic potential for neoplastic cells. J Natl Cancer Inst 64(5):1061–1070PubMed
74.
Zurück zum Zitat James VHT, Reed MJ (1980) Steroid hormones and human cancer. Prog Cancer Res Ther 14:471–487 James VHT, Reed MJ (1980) Steroid hormones and human cancer. Prog Cancer Res Ther 14:471–487
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhao Y, Agarwal VR, Mendelsohn CR, Simpson ER (1996) Oestrogen biosynthesis proximal to a breast tumour is stimulated by PGE2 via cyclic AMP, leading to activation of promoter II of the CYP19 (aromatase) gene. Endocrinology 137(12):5739–5742PubMed Zhao Y, Agarwal VR, Mendelsohn CR, Simpson ER (1996) Oestrogen biosynthesis proximal to a breast tumour is stimulated by PGE2 via cyclic AMP, leading to activation of promoter II of the CYP19 (aromatase) gene. Endocrinology 137(12):5739–5742PubMed
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhao Y, Agarwal VR, Mendelsohn CR, Simpson ER (1997) Transcriptional regulation of CYP19 (aromatase) gene expression in adipose stromal cells in primary culture. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 61(3–6):203–210PubMed Zhao Y, Agarwal VR, Mendelsohn CR, Simpson ER (1997) Transcriptional regulation of CYP19 (aromatase) gene expression in adipose stromal cells in primary culture. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 61(3–6):203–210PubMed
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Yamamoto K, Arakawa T, Veda N, Yamamoto S (1995) Transcriptional roles of nuclear factor-interleukin-6 in the tumour necrosis factor α-dependent induction of cyclooxygenase-2 in MC3T3-E1 cells. J Biol Chem 270(52):31315–31320PubMed Yamamoto K, Arakawa T, Veda N, Yamamoto S (1995) Transcriptional roles of nuclear factor-interleukin-6 in the tumour necrosis factor α-dependent induction of cyclooxygenase-2 in MC3T3-E1 cells. J Biol Chem 270(52):31315–31320PubMed
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Prescott SM, Fitzpatrick FA (2000) Cyclooxygenase-2 and carcinogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1470(2):M69–M78PubMed Prescott SM, Fitzpatrick FA (2000) Cyclooxygenase-2 and carcinogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1470(2):M69–M78PubMed
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Wiese FW, Thompson PA, Kadlubar FF (2001) Carcinogen substrate specificity of human cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2. Carcinogenesis 22(1):5–10PubMed Wiese FW, Thompson PA, Kadlubar FF (2001) Carcinogen substrate specificity of human cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2. Carcinogenesis 22(1):5–10PubMed
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsujii M, Kawano S, Tsuji S, Sawaoka H, Hori M, DuBois RN (1998) Cyclooxygenase regulates angiogenesis-induced by colon cancer cells. Cell 93(5):705–716PubMed Tsujii M, Kawano S, Tsuji S, Sawaoka H, Hori M, DuBois RN (1998) Cyclooxygenase regulates angiogenesis-induced by colon cancer cells. Cell 93(5):705–716PubMed
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Gately S (2001) The contributions of cyclooxygenase-2 to tumour angiogenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 19(1–2):19–27 Gately S (2001) The contributions of cyclooxygenase-2 to tumour angiogenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 19(1–2):19–27
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Kirkpatrick K, Ogunkolade W, Bustin S, Jenkins P, Ghilchik M, Mokbel K (2001) The mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and vascualr endothelial growth factor in human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 69(3):373 Kirkpatrick K, Ogunkolade W, Bustin S, Jenkins P, Ghilchik M, Mokbel K (2001) The mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and vascualr endothelial growth factor in human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 69(3):373
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Williams CS, Tsujii M, Reese J, Dey SK, DuBois RN (2000) Host cyclooxygenase-2 modulates carcinoma growth. J Clin Invest 105(11):1589–1594PubMedCrossRef Williams CS, Tsujii M, Reese J, Dey SK, DuBois RN (2000) Host cyclooxygenase-2 modulates carcinoma growth. J Clin Invest 105(11):1589–1594PubMedCrossRef
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Marnett LJ (1992) Aspirin and the potential role of prostaglandins in colon cancer. Cancer Res 52(20):5575–5589PubMed Marnett LJ (1992) Aspirin and the potential role of prostaglandins in colon cancer. Cancer Res 52(20):5575–5589PubMed
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Takahashi Y, Kawahara F, Noguchi M, Miwa K, Sato H, Seiki M, Inoue H, Tanabe T, Yoshimoto T (1999) Activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in human breast cancer cells overexpressing cyclooxygenase-1 or -2. FEBS Lett 460(1):145–148PubMed Takahashi Y, Kawahara F, Noguchi M, Miwa K, Sato H, Seiki M, Inoue H, Tanabe T, Yoshimoto T (1999) Activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in human breast cancer cells overexpressing cyclooxygenase-1 or -2. FEBS Lett 460(1):145–148PubMed
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Hong BK, Kwon HM, Lee BK, Kim D, Kim IJ, Kang SM, Jang Y, Cho SH, Kim HK (2000) Co-expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinases in human aortic atherosclerotic lesions. Yonsei Med J 41(1):82–88PubMed Hong BK, Kwon HM, Lee BK, Kim D, Kim IJ, Kang SM, Jang Y, Cho SH, Kim HK (2000) Co-expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinases in human aortic atherosclerotic lesions. Yonsei Med J 41(1):82–88PubMed
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Iawata H, Kobayashi S, Iwase H, Masaoka A, Fujimoto N, Okada Y (1996) Production of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in human breast carcinomas. Jpn J Cancer Res 87(6):602–611 Iawata H, Kobayashi S, Iwase H, Masaoka A, Fujimoto N, Okada Y (1996) Production of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in human breast carcinomas. Jpn J Cancer Res 87(6):602–611
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Friedman GD, Ury HK (1980) Initial screening for carcinogenicity of commonly used drugs. J Natl Cancer Inst 65(4):723–733PubMed Friedman GD, Ury HK (1980) Initial screening for carcinogenicity of commonly used drugs. J Natl Cancer Inst 65(4):723–733PubMed
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Paganini-Hill A, Cho A, Ross RK, Henderson BE (1989) Aspirin use and chronic diseases: a cohort study of the elderly. Br Med J 299(6710):1247–1250CrossRef Paganini-Hill A, Cho A, Ross RK, Henderson BE (1989) Aspirin use and chronic diseases: a cohort study of the elderly. Br Med J 299(6710):1247–1250CrossRef
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Zauber AG, Warshauer ME, Stolley PD, Shapiro S (1991) A hypothesis: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduce the incidence of large bowel cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 83(5):355–358PubMed Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Zauber AG, Warshauer ME, Stolley PD, Shapiro S (1991) A hypothesis: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduce the incidence of large bowel cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 83(5):355–358PubMed
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Thun MJ, Namboodiri MM, Calle EE, Flanders WD, Heath CW (1993) Aspirin use and risk of fatal cancer. Cancer Res 53(6):1322–1327PubMed Thun MJ, Namboodiri MM, Calle EE, Flanders WD, Heath CW (1993) Aspirin use and risk of fatal cancer. Cancer Res 53(6):1322–1327PubMed
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Harris RE, Kasbari S, Farrar WB (1999) Prospective study of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and breast cancer. Oncol Rep 6(1):71–73PubMed Harris RE, Kasbari S, Farrar WB (1999) Prospective study of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and breast cancer. Oncol Rep 6(1):71–73PubMed
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Schreinmachers DM, Everson RB (1994) Aspirin use and lung, colon and breast cancer incidence in a prospective study. Epidemiology 5(2):138–146CrossRef Schreinmachers DM, Everson RB (1994) Aspirin use and lung, colon and breast cancer incidence in a prospective study. Epidemiology 5(2):138–146CrossRef
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Sharpe CR, Collett JP, McNutt M, Belzille E, Bowin JF, Hanley JA (2000) Nested case-control study of the effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on breast cancer risk and stage. Br J Cancer 83(1):112–120PubMed Sharpe CR, Collett JP, McNutt M, Belzille E, Bowin JF, Hanley JA (2000) Nested case-control study of the effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on breast cancer risk and stage. Br J Cancer 83(1):112–120PubMed
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Cotterchio M, Krieger N, Sloan M, Steinegart A (2001) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 10(11):1213–1217PubMed Cotterchio M, Krieger N, Sloan M, Steinegart A (2001) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 10(11):1213–1217PubMed
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Khuder SA, Mutgi AB (2001) Breast cancer and NSAID use: a metaanalysis. Br J Cancer 84(9):1188–1192PubMed Khuder SA, Mutgi AB (2001) Breast cancer and NSAID use: a metaanalysis. Br J Cancer 84(9):1188–1192PubMed
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Cook NR, Lee IM, Gaziano JM, Gordon D, Ridker PM, Manson JE, Hennekens CH, Buring JE (2005) Low-dose aspirin in the primary prevention of cancer: the Women’s Health Study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 294(1):47–55PubMed Cook NR, Lee IM, Gaziano JM, Gordon D, Ridker PM, Manson JE, Hennekens CH, Buring JE (2005) Low-dose aspirin in the primary prevention of cancer: the Women’s Health Study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 294(1):47–55PubMed
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Patrono C, Coller B, Dalen JE, FitzGerald GA, Fuster V, Gent M, Hirsh J, Roth G (2001) Platelet-active drugs: the relationships among dose, effectiveness, and side effects. Chest 119(Suppl 1):39S–63SPubMed Patrono C, Coller B, Dalen JE, FitzGerald GA, Fuster V, Gent M, Hirsh J, Roth G (2001) Platelet-active drugs: the relationships among dose, effectiveness, and side effects. Chest 119(Suppl 1):39S–63SPubMed
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Harris RE, Alshafie GA, Abou-Issa H, Seibert K (2000) Chemoprevention of breast cancer in rats by celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Cancer Res 60(8):2101–2103PubMed Harris RE, Alshafie GA, Abou-Issa H, Seibert K (2000) Chemoprevention of breast cancer in rats by celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Cancer Res 60(8):2101–2103PubMed
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Suzui N, Sugie S, Rahman KM, Ohnishi M, Yoshimi N, Wakabayashi K, Mori H (1997) Inhibitory effects of diallyl disulfide or aspirin on 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenyl-imidazole [4,5-b] pyridine-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats. Jpn J Cancer Res 88(8):705–711PubMed Suzui N, Sugie S, Rahman KM, Ohnishi M, Yoshimi N, Wakabayashi K, Mori H (1997) Inhibitory effects of diallyl disulfide or aspirin on 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenyl-imidazole [4,5-b] pyridine-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats. Jpn J Cancer Res 88(8):705–711PubMed
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Alshafie GA, Abou-Issa HM, Seibert K, Harris RE (2000) Chemotherapeutic evaluation of celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor in a rat mammary tumour model. Oncol Rep 7(6):1377–1381PubMed Alshafie GA, Abou-Issa HM, Seibert K, Harris RE (2000) Chemotherapeutic evaluation of celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor in a rat mammary tumour model. Oncol Rep 7(6):1377–1381PubMed
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Chow LW, Wong JL, Toi M (2003) Celecoxib anti-aromatase neoadjuvant (CAAN) trial for locally advanced breast cancer: preliminary report. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 86(3–5):443–447PubMed Chow LW, Wong JL, Toi M (2003) Celecoxib anti-aromatase neoadjuvant (CAAN) trial for locally advanced breast cancer: preliminary report. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 86(3–5):443–447PubMed
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Parret ML, Harris RL, Joarder FS, Ross MS, Clausen KP, Robertson FM (1997) Cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression in human breast cancer. Int J Oncol 10:503–508 Parret ML, Harris RL, Joarder FS, Ross MS, Clausen KP, Robertson FM (1997) Cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression in human breast cancer. Int J Oncol 10:503–508
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Kirtikara K, Morham SG, Raghow R, Laulederkind SJF, Kanekura T, Goorha S, Ballou LR (1998) Compensatory prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis in cyclooxygenase-1 or cyclooxygenase-2 null cells. J Exp Med 187(4):517–523PubMed Kirtikara K, Morham SG, Raghow R, Laulederkind SJF, Kanekura T, Goorha S, Ballou LR (1998) Compensatory prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis in cyclooxygenase-1 or cyclooxygenase-2 null cells. J Exp Med 187(4):517–523PubMed
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Juni P, Rutjes AWS, Dieppe PA (2002) Are selective COX-2 inhibitors superior to traditional non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs? BMJ 324:1287–1288PubMed Juni P, Rutjes AWS, Dieppe PA (2002) Are selective COX-2 inhibitors superior to traditional non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs? BMJ 324:1287–1288PubMed
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Levesque LE, Brophy JM, Zhang B (2005) The risk of myocardial infarction with cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: a population study of elderly adults. Ann Intern Med 142(7):481–489PubMed Levesque LE, Brophy JM, Zhang B (2005) The risk of myocardial infarction with cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: a population study of elderly adults. Ann Intern Med 142(7):481–489PubMed
107.
Zurück zum Zitat Solomon SD, McMurray JJ, Pfeffer MA, Wittes J, Fowler R, Finn P, Anderson WF, Zauber A, Hawk E, Bertagnolli M (2005) Adenoma prevention with celecoxib (APC) study investigators. Cardiovascular risk associated with celecoxib in a clinical trial for colorectal adenoma prevention. N Engl J Med 352(11):1071–1080PubMed Solomon SD, McMurray JJ, Pfeffer MA, Wittes J, Fowler R, Finn P, Anderson WF, Zauber A, Hawk E, Bertagnolli M (2005) Adenoma prevention with celecoxib (APC) study investigators. Cardiovascular risk associated with celecoxib in a clinical trial for colorectal adenoma prevention. N Engl J Med 352(11):1071–1080PubMed
Metadaten
Titel
The role of cyclooxygenase-2 in breast cancer: review
verfasst von
Gurpreet Singh-Ranger
Mohamed Salhab
Kefah Mokbel
Publikationsdatum
01.05.2008
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment / Ausgabe 2/2008
Print ISSN: 0167-6806
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7217
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-007-9641-5

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2008

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 2/2008 Zur Ausgabe

Erhöhtes Risiko fürs Herz unter Checkpointhemmer-Therapie

28.05.2024 Nebenwirkungen der Krebstherapie Nachrichten

Kardiotoxische Nebenwirkungen einer Therapie mit Immuncheckpointhemmern mögen selten sein – wenn sie aber auftreten, wird es für Patienten oft lebensgefährlich. Voruntersuchung und Monitoring sind daher obligat.

Costims – das nächste heiße Ding in der Krebstherapie?

28.05.2024 Onkologische Immuntherapie Nachrichten

„Kalte“ Tumoren werden heiß – CD28-kostimulatorische Antikörper sollen dies ermöglichen. Am besten könnten diese in Kombination mit BiTEs und Checkpointhemmern wirken. Erste klinische Studien laufen bereits.

Positiver FIT: Die Ursache liegt nicht immer im Dickdarm

27.05.2024 Blut im Stuhl Nachrichten

Immunchemischer Stuhltest positiv, Koloskopie negativ – in solchen Fällen kann die Blutungsquelle auch weiter proximal sitzen. Ein Forschungsteam hat nachgesehen, wie häufig und in welchen Lokalisationen das der Fall ist.

Mammakarzinom: Brustdichte beeinflusst rezidivfreies Überleben

26.05.2024 Mammakarzinom Nachrichten

Frauen, die zum Zeitpunkt der Brustkrebsdiagnose eine hohe mammografische Brustdichte aufweisen, haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für ein baldiges Rezidiv, legen neue Daten nahe.

Update Onkologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.