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Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
Erschienen in: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 8/2018

01.08.2018 | Rhinosinusitis (J Mullol, Section Editor)

Olfactory Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases

verfasst von: Concepció Marin, Dolores Vilas, Cristóbal Langdon, Isam Alobid, Mauricio López-Chacón, Antje Haehner, Thomas Hummel, Joaquim Mullol

Erschienen in: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports | Ausgabe 8/2018

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

The sense of smell is today one of the focuses of interest in aging and neurodegenerative disease research. In several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, the olfactory dysfunction is one of the initial symptoms appearing years before motor symptoms and cognitive decline, being considered a clinical marker of these diseases’ early stages and a marker of disease progression and cognitive decline. Overall and under the umbrella of precision medicine, attention to olfactory function may help to improve chances of success for neuroprotective and disease-modifying therapeutic strategies.

Recent Findings

The use of olfaction, as clinical marker for neurodegenerative diseases is helpful in the characterization of prodromal stages of these diseases, early diagnostic strategies, differential diagnosis, and potentially prediction of treatment success. Understanding the mechanisms underlying olfactory dysfunction is central to determine its association with neurodegenerative disorders. Several anatomical systems and environmental factors may underlie or contribute to olfactory loss associated with neurological diseases, although the direct biological link to each disorder remains unclear and, thus, requires further investigation.

Summary

In this review, we describe the neurobiology of olfaction, and the most common olfactory function measurements in neurodegenerative diseases. We also highlight the evidence for the presence of olfactory dysfunction in several neurodegenerative diseases, its value as a clinical marker for early stages of the diseases when combined with other clinical, biological, and neuroimage markers, and its role as a useful symptom for the differential diagnosis and follow-up of disease. The neuropathological correlations and the changes in neurotransmitter systems related with olfactory dysfunction in the neurodegenerative diseases are also described.
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Metadaten
Titel
Olfactory Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases
verfasst von
Concepció Marin
Dolores Vilas
Cristóbal Langdon
Isam Alobid
Mauricio López-Chacón
Antje Haehner
Thomas Hummel
Joaquim Mullol
Publikationsdatum
01.08.2018
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Allergy and Asthma Reports / Ausgabe 8/2018
Print ISSN: 1529-7322
Elektronische ISSN: 1534-6315
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-018-0796-4

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