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Sports Medicine
Erschienen in: Sports Medicine 9/2015

01.09.2015 | Systematic Review

Creatine Supplementation and Lower Limb Strength Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

verfasst von: Charlotte Lanhers, Bruno Pereira, Geraldine Naughton, Marion Trousselard, François-Xavier Lesage, Frédéric Dutheil

Erschienen in: Sports Medicine | Ausgabe 9/2015

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Abstract

Background

Creatine is the most widely used supplementation to increase strength performance. However, the few meta-analyses are more than 10 years old and suffer from inclusion bias such as the absence of randomization and placebo, the diversity of the inclusion criteria (aerobic/endurance, anaerobic/strength), no evaluation on specific muscles or group of muscles, and the considerable amount of conflicting results within the last decade.

Objective

The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate meta-analyzed effects of creatine supplementation on lower limb strength performance.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses of all randomized controlled trials comparing creatine supplementation with a placebo, with strength performance of the lower limbs measured in exercises lasting less than 3 min. The search strategy used the keywords “creatine supplementation” and “performance”. Dependent variables were creatine loading, total dose, duration, the time-intervals between baseline (T0) and the end of the supplementation (T1), as well as any training during supplementation. Independent variables were age, sex, and level of physical activity at baseline. We conducted meta-analyses at T1, and on changes between T0 and T1. Each meta-analysis was stratified within lower limb muscle groups and exercise tests.

Results

We included 60 studies (646 individuals in the creatine supplementation group and 651 controls). At T1, the effect size (ES) among stratification for squat and leg press were, respectively, 0.336 (95 % CI 0.047–0.625, p = 0.023) and 0.297 (95 % CI 0.098–0.496, p = 0.003). Overall quadriceps ES was 0.266 (95 % CI 0.150–0.381, p < 0.001). Global lower limb ES was 0.235 (95 % CI 0.125–0.346, p < 0.001). Meta-analysis on changes between T0 and T1 gave similar results. The meta-regression showed no links with characteristics of population or of supplementation, demonstrating the creatine efficacy effects, independent of all listed conditions.

Conclusion

Creatine supplementation is effective in lower limb strength performance for exercise with a duration of less than 3 min, independent of population characteristic, training protocols, and supplementary doses and duration.
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Metadaten
Titel
Creatine Supplementation and Lower Limb Strength Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses
verfasst von
Charlotte Lanhers
Bruno Pereira
Geraldine Naughton
Marion Trousselard
François-Xavier Lesage
Frédéric Dutheil
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2015
Verlag
Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in
Sports Medicine / Ausgabe 9/2015
Print ISSN: 0112-1642
Elektronische ISSN: 1179-2035
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0337-4

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