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05.02.2022 | Review Article

Sex Differences in Endurance Running

verfasst von: Thibault Besson, Robin Macchi, Jeremy Rossi, Cédric Y. M. Morio, Yoko Kunimasa, Caroline Nicol, Fabrice Vercruyssen, Guillaume Y. Millet

Erschienen in: Sports Medicine | Ausgabe 6/2022

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Abstract

In recent years, there has been a significant expansion in female participation in endurance (road and trail) running. The often reported sex differences in maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max) are not the only differences between sexes during prolonged running. The aim of this narrative review was thus to discuss sex differences in running biomechanics, economy (both in fatigue and non-fatigue conditions), substrate utilization, muscle tissue characteristics (including ultrastructural muscle damage), neuromuscular fatigue, thermoregulation and pacing strategies. Although males and females do not differ in terms of running economy or endurance (i.e. percentage VO_2max sustained), sex-specificities exist in running biomechanics (e.g. females have greater non-sagittal hip and knee joint motion compared to males) that can be partly explained by anatomical (e.g. wider pelvis, larger femur-tibia angle, shorter lower limb length relative to total height in females) differences. Compared to males, females also show greater proportional area of type I fibres, are more able to use fatty acids and preserve carbohydrates during prolonged exercise, demonstrate a more even pacing strategy and less fatigue following endurance running exercise. These differences confer an advantage to females in ultra-endurance performance, but other factors (e.g. lower O₂ carrying capacity, greater body fat percentage) counterbalance these potential advantages, making females outperforming males a rare exception. The present literature review also highlights the lack of sex comparison in studies investigating running biomechanics in fatigue conditions and during the recovery process.

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Titel: Sex Differences in Endurance Running
verfasst von: Thibault Besson
Robin Macchi
Jeremy Rossi
Cédric Y. M. Morio
Yoko Kunimasa
Caroline Nicol
Fabrice Vercruyssen
Guillaume Y. Millet
Publikationsdatum: 05.02.2022
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in: Sports Medicine / Ausgabe 6/2022
Print ISSN: 0112-1642
Elektronische ISSN: 1179-2035
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-022-01651-w

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Sex Differences in Endurance Running

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