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Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy
Erschienen in: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 3/2012

01.03.2012 | Knee

Biological aspects of early osteoarthritis

verfasst von: Henning Madry, Frank P. Luyten, Andrea Facchini

Erschienen in: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy | Ausgabe 3/2012

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Abstract

Purpose

Early OA primarily affects articular cartilage and involves the entire joint, including the subchondral bone, synovial membrane, menisci and periarticular structures. The aim of this review is to highlight the molecular basis and histopathological features of early OA.

Methods

Selective review of literature.

Results

Risk factors for developing early OA include, but are not limited to, a genetic predisposition, mechanical factors such as axial malalignment, and aging. In early OA, the articular cartilage surface is progressively becoming discontinuous, showing fibrillation and vertical fissures that extend not deeper than into the mid-zone of the articular cartilage, reflective of OARSI grades 1.0–3.0. Early changes in the subchondral bone comprise a progressive increase in subchondral plate and subarticular spongiosa thickness. Early OA affects not only the articular cartilage and the subchondral bone but also other structures of the joint, such as the menisci, the synovial membrane, the joint capsule, ligaments, muscles and the infrapatellar fat pad. Genetic markers or marker combinations may become useful in the future to identify early OA and patients at risk.

Conclusion

The high socioeconomic impact of OA suggests that a better insight into the mechanisms of early OA may be a key to develop more targeted reconstructive therapies at this first stage of the disease.

Level of evidence

Systematic review, Level II.
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Metadaten
Titel
Biological aspects of early osteoarthritis
verfasst von
Henning Madry
Frank P. Luyten
Andrea Facchini
Publikationsdatum
01.03.2012
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy / Ausgabe 3/2012
Print ISSN: 0942-2056
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-7347
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-011-1705-8

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