An anatomical study of the levator veli palatini and superior constrictor with special reference to their nerve supply

We dissected 50 head halves of 25 Japanese cadavers (10 males, 15 females) to investigate the innervations of the levator veli palatini (LVP) and superior constrictor pharyngis. The branches supplying the LVP were classified into the following three types according to their origins: supplying branches that originated from the pharyngeal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (type I, four sides, 8%), branches that originated from a communicating branch between the pharyngeal branches of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves (type II, 36 sides, 72%), and those that originated from the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve (type III, 10 sides, 20%). In previous studies, supplying branches of type I were seldom described. Regarding the innervation of the superior constrictor, some variations were observed, and we consider it likely that there is a close relationship between these variations and the type of innervation of the LVP.