Skip to main content
Hauptrubriken
CME Facharzt-Training Webinare Zeitschriften Bücher e.Medpedia Podcast
Service
Jobbörse Info & Hilfe
Fachgebiete
Anästhesiologie Allgemeinmedizin Arbeitsmedizin Augenheilkunde Chirurgie Dermatologie Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe HNO Innere Medizin Kardiologie Neurologie Onkologie und Hämatologie Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie Pädiatrie Pathologie Psychiatrie Radiologie Rechtsmedizin Urologie Zahnmedizin
Themen
Klimawandel und Gesundheit Neues aus dem Markt COVID-19 Praxis und Beruf Seltene Erkrankungen GOÄ & EBM Panorama
Sammlungen
Kasuistiken Algorithmen & Infografiken Blickdiagnosen Arthropedia FlapFinder (für Dermatochirurgen) Videos Kongressberichterstattung Medizin für Apothekerinnen und Apotheker Für Ärztinnen und Ärzte in Weiterbildung Für Medizinstudierende
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Pediatric Nephrology
Erschienen in: Pediatric Nephrology 4/2016

01.04.2016 | Review

Haematuria as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease progression in glomerular diseases: A review

verfasst von: Juan Antonio Moreno, Claudia Yuste, Eduardo Gutiérrez, Ángel M. Sevillano, Alfonso Rubio-Navarro, Juan Manuel Amaro-Villalobos, Manuel Praga, Jesús Egido

Erschienen in: Pediatric Nephrology | Ausgabe 4/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Haematuria has long been considered to be a benign condition associated with glomerular diseases. However, new evidences suggest that haematuria has a pathogenic role in promoting kidney disease progression. An increased risk for end-stage renal disease has been reported in adolescents and young adults with persistent microscopic haematuria. A persistent impairment of renal function has been also reported following macroscopic haematuria-associated acute kidney injury in immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Haematuria-induced renal damage has been related to oxidant, cytotoxic and inflammatory effects induced by haemoglobin or haem released from red blood cells. The pathophysiological origin of haematuria may be due to a more fragile and easily ruptured glomerular filtration barrier, as reported in several glomerular diseases. In this review we describe a number of the key issues associated with the epidemiology and pathogenesis of haematuria-associated diseases, provide an update of recent knowledge on the role of haematuria on renal function outcome and discuss specific therapeutic approaches in this setting.

Key summary points

1.
Glomerular haematuria is a common observation in a number of renal diseases that may lead to persistent renal injury.
 
2.
Haematuria in children differs from that in adults in specific aspects, particularly in the frequency of glomerular diseases and renal disease outcome.
 
3.
Regular follow-up of renal function in children with isolated microhaematuria may be recommended.
 
Literatur
1.
Cohen RA, Brown RS (2003) Clinical practice. Microscopic hematuria. N Engl J Med 348:2330–2338PubMedCrossRef
2.
Moreno JA, Martin-Cleary C, Gutierrez E, Rubio-Navarro A, Ortiz A, Praga M, Egido J (2012) Haematuria: the forgotten CKD factor? Nephrol Dial Transplant 27:28–34PubMedCrossRef
3.
Moreno JA, Martin-Cleary C, Gutierrez E, Toldos O, Blanco-Colio LM, Praga M, Ortiz A, Egido J (2012) AKI associated with macroscopic glomerular hematuria: clinical and pathophysiologic consequences. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 7:175–184PubMedCrossRef
4.
Woolhandler S, Pels RJ, Bor DH, Himmelstein DU, Lawrence RS (1989) Dipstick urinalysis screening of asymptomatic adults for urinary tract disorders. I. Hematuria and proteinuria. JAMA 262:1214–1219PubMedCrossRef
5.
Hiatt RA, Ordonez JD (1994) Dipstick urinalysis screening, asymptomatic microhematuria, and subsequent urological cancers in a population-based sample. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 3:439–443PubMed
6.
Ramirez SP, McClellan W, Port FK, Hsu SI (2002) Risk factors for proteinuria in a large, multiracial, southeast Asian population. J Am Soc Nephrol 13:1907–1917PubMedCrossRef
7.
Chadban SJ, Briganti EM, Kerr PG, Dunstan DW, Welborn TA, Zimmet PZ, Atkins RC (2003) Prevalence of kidney damage in Australian adults: the AusDiab kidney study. J Am Soc Nephrol 14:S131–S138PubMedCrossRef
8.
Ong LM, Punithavathi N, Thurairatnam D, Zainal H, Beh ML, Morad Z, Lee SY, Bavanandan S, Kok LS (2013) Prevalence and risk factors for proteinuria: the National Kidney Foundation of Malaysia Lifecheck Health Screening programme. Nephrology (Carlton) 18:569–575CrossRef
9.
Hajar F, Taleb M, Aoun B, Shatila A (2011) Dipstick urine analysis screening among asymptomatic school children. North Am J Med Sci 3:179–184CrossRef
10.
Murakami M, Hayakawa M, Yanagihara T, Hukunaga Y (2005) Proteinuria screening for children. Kidney Int Suppl S23–S27
11.
Zhai YH, Xu H, Zhu GH, Wei MJ, Hua BC, Shen Q, Rao J, Ge J (2007) Efficacy of urine screening at school: experience in Shanghai, China. Pediatr Nephrol 22:2073–2079PubMedCrossRef
12.
Vivante A, Afek A, Frenkel-Nir Y, Tzur D, Farfel A, Golan E, Chaiter Y, Shohat T, Skorecki K, Calderon-Margalit R (2011) Persistent asymptomatic isolated microscopic hematuria in Israeli adolescents and young adults and risk for end-stage renal disease. JAMA 306:729–736PubMedCrossRef
13.
14.
15.
Deltas C, Pierides A, Voskarides K (2013) Molecular genetics of familial hematuric diseases. Nephrol Dial Transplant 28:2946–2960PubMedCrossRef
16.
Bakr A, Eid R, Sarhan A, Hammad A, El-Refaey AM, El-Mougy A, Zedan MM, ElHusseini F, El-Rahman AA (2014) Fifteen years of kidney biopsies in children: a single center in Egypt. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 25:1321–1327PubMedCrossRef
17.
Paripovic D, Kostic M, Kruscic D, Spasojevic B, Lomic G, Markovic-Lipkovski J, Basta-Jovanovic G, Smoljanic Z, Peco-Antic A (2012) Indications and results of renal biopsy in children: a 10-year review from a single center in Serbia. J Nephrol 25:1054–1059PubMedCrossRef
18.
Coppo R, Gianoglio B, Porcellini MG, Maringhini S (1998) Frequency of renal diseases and clinical indications for renal biopsy in children (report of the Italian National Registry of Renal Biopsies in Children). Group of Renal Immunopathology of the Italian Society of Pediatric Nephrology and Group of Renal Immunopathology of the Italian Society of Nephrology. Nephrol Dial Transplant 13:293–297PubMedCrossRef
19.
Yin XL, Zou MS, Zhang Y, Wang J, Liu TL, Tang JH, Qiu LR, Chen Y, Yuan HQ, Zhou JH (2013) Twenty-three-year review of disease patterns from renal biopsies: an experience from a pediatric renal center. J Nephrol 26:699–707PubMedCrossRef
20.
Hussain F, Mallik M, Marks SD, Watson AR (2010) Renal biopsies in children: current practice and audit of outcomes. Nephrol Dial Transplant 25:485–489PubMedCrossRef
21.
Bazina M, Glavina-Durdov M, Scukanec-Spoljar M, Bazina A, Vukojevic K, Ljutic D, Saraga M (2007) Epidemiology of renal disease in children in the region of southern Croatia: a 10-year review of regional renal biopsy databases. Med Sci Monit 13:CR172–CR176PubMed
22.
Yuen LK, Lai WM, Lau SC, Tong PC, Tse KC, Chiu MC (2008) Ten-year review of disease pattern from percutaneous renal biopsy: an experience from a paediatric tertiary renal centre in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J 14:348–355PubMed
23.
Covic A, Schiller A, Volovat C, Gluhovschi G, Gusbeth-Tatomir P, Petrica L, Caruntu ID, Bozdog G, Velciov S, Trandafirescu V, Bob F, Gluhovschi C (2006) Epidemiology of renal disease in Romania: a 10 year review of two regional renal biopsy databases. Nephrol Dial Transplant 21:419–424PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zheng Y, Xu H, Zhou L, Cao Q, Sun L, Shen Q, Guo W, Fang X, Liu H, Zhang J, Rao J, Chen J (2012) Clinicopathological features of paediatric renal biopsies in Shanghai over a 31 year period. Nephrology (Carlton) 17:274–277CrossRef
25.
Piqueras AI, White RH, Raafat F, Moghal N, Milford DV (1998) Renal biopsy diagnosis in children presenting with haematuria. Pediatr Nephrol 12:386–391PubMedCrossRef
26.
Carvalho E, do Sameiro FM, Nunes JP, Sampaio S, Valbuena C (2006) Renal diseases: a 27-year renal biopsy study. J Nephrol 19:500–507PubMed
27.
Karnib HH, Gharavi AG, Aftimos G, Mahfoud Z, Saad R, Gemayel E, Masri B, Assaad S, Badr KF, Ziyadeh FN (2010) A 5-year survey of biopsy proven kidney diseases in Lebanon: significant variation in prevalence of primary glomerular diseases by age, population structure and consanguinity. Nephrol Dial Transplant 25:3962–3969PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
28.
Rivera F, Lopez-Gomez JM, Perez-Garcia R (2002) Frequency of renal pathology in Spain 1994–1999. Nephrol Dial Transplant 17:1594–1602PubMedCrossRef
29.
Simon P, Ramee MP, Boulahrouz R, Stanescu C, Charasse C, Ang KS, Leonetti F, Cam G, Laruelle E, Autuly V, Rioux N (2004) Epidemiologic data of primary glomerular diseases in western France. Kidney Int 66:905–908PubMedCrossRef
30.
Rychlik I, Jancova E, Tesar V, Kolsky A, Lacha J, Stejskal J, Stejskalova A, Dusek J, Herout V (2004) The Czech registry of renal biopsies. Occurrence of renal diseases in the years 1994–2000. Nephrol Dial Transplant 19:3040–3049PubMedCrossRef
31.
Brown RS (2011) Has the time come to include urine dipstick testing in screening asymptomatic young adults? JAMA 306:764–765PubMedCrossRef
32.
Kovacevic Z, Jovanovic D, Rabrenovic V, Dimitrijevic J, Djukanovic J (2008) Asymptomatic microscopic haematuria in young males. Int J Clin Pract 62:406–412PubMedCrossRef
33.
Sethi S, Fervenza FC (2012) Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis–a new look at an old entity. N Engl J Med 366:1119–1131PubMedCrossRef
34.
Sethi S, Fervenza FC, Zhang Y, Zand L, Meyer NC, Borsa N, Nasr SH, Smith RJ (2013) Atypical postinfectious glomerulonephritis is associated with abnormalities in the alternative pathway of complement. Kidney Int 83:293–299PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
35.
Moroni G, Pozzi C, Quaglini S, Segagni S, Banfi G, Baroli A, Picardi L, Colzani S, Simonini P, Mihatsch MJ, Ponticelli C (2002) Long-term prognosis of diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis associated with infection in adults. Nephrol Dial Transplant 17:1204–1211PubMedCrossRef
36.
Vivante A, Calderon-Margalit R, Skorecki K (2013) Hematuria and risk for end-stage kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 22:325–330PubMedCrossRef
37.
Goto M, Kawamura T, Wakai K, Ando M, Endoh M, Tomino Y (2009) Risk stratification for progression of IgA nephropathy using a decision tree induction algorithm. Nephrol Dial Transplant 24:1242–1247PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
38.
Goto M, Wakai K, Kawamura T, Ando M, Endoh M, Tomino Y (2009) A scoring system to predict renal outcome in IgA nephropathy: a nationwide 10-year prospective cohort study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 24:3068–3074PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
39.
Hudson BG, Tryggvason K, Sundaramoorthy M, Neilson EG (2003) Alport's syndrome, Goodpasture's syndrome, and type IV collagen. N Engl J Med 348:2543–2556PubMedCrossRef
40.
41.
Park YH, Choi JY, Chung HS, Koo JW, Kim SY, Namgoong MK, Park YS, Yoo KH, Lee KY, Lee DY, Lee SJ, Lee JE, Chung WY, Hah TS, Cheong HI, Choi Y, Lee KS (2005) Hematuria and proteinuria in a mass school urine screening test. Pediatr Nephrol 20:1126–1130PubMedCrossRef
42.
Jalalah SM, Alzahrani IH, Furness PN (2002) Glomerular changes in microscopic haematuria, studied by quantitative immunoelectron microscopy and in situ zymography. Nephrol Dial Transplant 17:1586–1593PubMedCrossRef
43.
Liapis H, Foster K, Miner JH (2002) Red cell traverse through thin glomerular basement membrane. Kidney Int 61:762–763PubMedCrossRef
44.
Kashtan CE (1999) Alport syndrome. An inherited disorder of renal, ocular, and cochlear basement membranes. Medicine (Baltimore) 78:338–360CrossRef
45.
Schreiber A, Xiao H, Jennette JC, Schneider W, Luft FC, Kettritz R (2009) C5a receptor mediates neutrophil activation and ANCA-induced glomerulonephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 20:289–298PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
46.
Haas M (1997) Histologic subclassification of IgA nephropathy: a clinicopathologic study of 244 cases. Am J Kidney Dis 29:829–842PubMedCrossRef
47.
Athanasiou Y, Voskarides K, Gale DP, Damianou L, Patsias C, Zavros M, Maxwell PH, Cook HT, Demosthenous P, Hadjisavvas A, Kyriacou K, Zouvani I, Pierides A, Deltas C (2011) Familial C3 glomerulopathy associated with CFHR5 mutations: clinical characteristics of 91 patients in 16 pedigrees. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 6:1436–1446PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
48.
Roos A, Rastaldi MP, Calvaresi N, Oortwijn BD, Schlagwein N, van Gijlswijk-Janssen DJ, Stahl GL, Matsushita M, Fujita T, van Kooten C, Daha MR (2006) Glomerular activation of the lectin pathway of complement in IgA nephropathy is associated with more severe renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 17:1724–1734PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zipfel PF, Skerka C (2009) Complement regulators and inhibitory proteins. Nat Rev Immunol 9:729–740PubMed
50.
Fairley KF, Birch DF (1982) Hematuria: a simple method for identifying glomerular bleeding. Kidney Int 21:105–108PubMedCrossRef
51.
52.
Collar JE, Ladva S, Cairns TD, Cattell V (2001) Red cell traverse through thin glomerular basement membranes. Kidney Int 59:2069–2072PubMedCrossRef
53.
Clarkson AR, Seymour AE, Thompson AJ, Haynes WD, Chan YL, Jackson B (1977) IgA nephropathy: a syndrome of uniform morphology, diverse clinical features and uncertain prognosis. Clin Nephrol 8:459–471PubMed
54.
Kido R, Shibagaki Y, Iwadoh K, Nakajima I, Fuchinoue S, Fujita T, Teraoka S (2010) Persistent glomerular hematuria in living kidney donors confers a risk of progressive kidney disease in donors after heminephrectomy. Am J Transplant 10:1597–1604PubMedCrossRef
55.
Gutierrez E, Moreno JA, Praga M (2014) Persistent microhaematuria with negative or low proteinuria. Nefrologia 34:110–114PubMed
56.
Rauta V, Finne P, Fagerudd J, Rosenlof K, Tornroth T, Gronhagen-Riska C (2002) Factors associated with progression of IgA nephropathy are related to renal function—a model for estimating risk of progression in mild disease. Clin Nephrol 58:85–94PubMedCrossRef
57.
Hastings MC, Delos Santos NM, Wyatt RJ (2007) Renal survival in pediatric patients with IgA nephropathy. Pediatr Nephrol 22:317–318PubMedCrossRef
58.
Ronkainen J, Ala-Houhala M, Autio-Harmainen H, Jahnukainen T, Koskimies O, Merenmies J, Mustonen J, Ormala T, Turtinen J, Nuutinen M (2006) Long-term outcome 19 years after childhood IgA nephritis: a retrospective cohort study. Pediatr Nephrol 21:1266–1273PubMedCrossRef
59.
Kusumoto Y, Takebayashi S, Taguchi T, Harada T, Naito S (1987) Long-term prognosis and prognostic indices of IgA nephropathy in juvenile and in adult Japanese. Clin Nephrol 28:118–124PubMed
60.
Syrjanen J, Mustonen J, Pasternack A (2000) Hypertriglyceridaemia and hyperuricaemia are risk factors for progression of IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 15:34–42PubMedCrossRef
61.
Hirano K, Kawamura T, Tsuboi N, Okonogi H, Miyazaki Y, Ikeda M, Matsushima M, Hanaoka K, Ogura M, Utsunomiya Y, Hosoya T (2013) The predictive value of attenuated proteinuria at 1 year after steroid therapy for renal survival in patients with IgA nephropathy. Clin Exp Nephrol 17:555–562PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
62.
Suzuki K, Miura N, Imai H (2014) Estimated glomerular filtration rate and daily amount of urinary protein predict the clinical remission rate of tonsillectomy plus steroid pulse therapy for IgA nephropathy. Clin Exp Nephrol 18:606–612PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
63.
Kawamura T, Yoshimura M, Miyazaki Y, Okamoto H, Kimura K, Hirano K, Matsushima M, Utsunomiya Y, Ogura M, Yokoo T, Okonogi H, Ishii T, Hamaguchi A, Ueda H, Furusu A, Horikoshi S, Suzuki Y, Shibata T, Yasuda T, Shirai S, Imasawa T, Kanozawa K, Wada A, Yamaji I, Miura N, Imai H, Kasai K, Soma J, Fujimoto S, Matsuo S, Tomino Y (2014) A multicenter randomized controlled trial of tonsillectomy combined with steroid pulse therapy in patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 29:1546–1553PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
64.
Longo I, Scala E, Mari F, Caselli R, Pescucci C, Mencarelli MA, Speciale C, Giani M, Bresin E, Caringella DA, Borochowitz ZU, Siriwardena K, Winship I, Renieri A, Meloni I (2006) Autosomal recessive Alport syndrome: an in-depth clinical and molecular analysis of five families. Nephrol Dial Transplant 21:665–671PubMedCrossRef
65.
Jais JP, Knebelmann B, Giatras I, De MM, Rizzoni G, Renieri A, Weber M, Gross O, Netzer KO, Flinter F, Pirson Y, Verellen C, Wieslander J, Persson U, Tryggvason K, Martin P, Hertz JM, Schroder C, Sanak M, Krejcova S, Carvalho MF, Saus J, Antignac C, Smeets H, Gubler MC (2000) X-linked Alport syndrome: natural history in 195 families and genotype–phenotype correlations in males. J Am Soc Nephrol 11:649–657PubMed
66.
Oka M, Nozu K, Kaito H, Fu XJ, Nakanishi K, Hashimura Y, Morisada N, Yan K, Matsuo M, Yoshikawa N, Vorechovsky I, Iijima K (2014) Natural history of genetically proven autosomal recessive Alport syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 29:1535–1544PubMedCrossRef
67.
Temme J, Peters F, Lange K, Pirson Y, Heidet L, Torra R, Grunfeld JP, Weber M, Licht C, Muller GA, Gross O (2012) Incidence of renal failure and nephroprotection by RAAS inhibition in heterozygous carriers of X-chromosomal and autosomal recessive Alport mutations. Kidney Int 81:779–783PubMedCrossRef
68.
Praga M, Costa JR, Shandas GJ, Martinez MA, Miranda B, Rodicio JL (1987) Acute renal failure in cirrhosis associated with macroscopic hematuria of glomerular origin. Arch Intern Med 147:173–174PubMedCrossRef
69.
Voskarides K, Damianou L, Neocleous V, Zouvani I, Christodoulidou S, Hadjiconstantinou V, Ioannou K, Athanasiou Y, Patsias C, Alexopoulos E, Pierides A, Kyriacou K, Deltas C (2007) COL4A3/COL4A4 mutations producing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and renal failure in thin basement membrane nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 18:3004–3016PubMedCrossRef
70.
Carasi C, Van't Hoff WG, Rees L, Risdon RA, Trompeter RS, Dillon MJ (2005) Childhood thin GBM disease: review of 22 children with family studies and long-term follow-up. Pediatr Nephrol 20:1098–1105PubMedCrossRef
71.
Szeto CC, Mac-Moune LF, Kwan BC, Leung CB, Choi PC, Pang WF, Chow KM, Lai KB, Wang G, Li PK (2010) The width of the basement membrane does not influence clinical presentation or outcome of thin glomerular basement membrane disease with persistent hematuria. Kidney Int 78:1041–1046PubMedCrossRef
72.
Han KH, Lee H, Kang HG, Moon KC, Lee JH, Park YS, Ha IS, Ahn HS, Choi Y, Cheong HI (2011) Renal manifestations of patients with MYH9-related disorders. Pediatr Nephrol 26:549–555PubMedCrossRef
73.
Yoshino M, Miura N, Ohnishi T, Suzuki K, Kitagawa W, Nishikawa K, Imai H (2013) Clinicopathological analysis of glomerulopathy with fibronectin deposits (GFND): a case of sporadic, elderly-onset GFND with codeposition of IgA, C1q, and fibrinogen. Intern Med 52:1715–1720PubMedCrossRef
74.
Gemperle O, Neuweiler J, Reutter FW, Hildebrandt F, Krapf R (1996) Familial glomerulopathy with giant fibrillar (fibronectin-positive) deposits: 15-year follow-up in a large kindred. Am J Kidney Dis 28:668–675PubMedCrossRef
75.
Nasr SH, Valeri AM, Cornell LD, Fidler ME, Sethi S, Leung N, Fervenza FC (2011) Fibrillary glomerulonephritis: a report of 66 cases from a single institution. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 6:775–784PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
76.
Nasr SH, Fidler ME, Cornell LD, Leung N, Cosio FG, Sheikh SS, Amir AA, Vrana JA, Theis JD, Dogan A, Sethi S (2012) Immunotactoid glomerulopathy: clinicopathologic and proteomic study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 27:4137–4146PubMedCrossRef
77.
Feng CY, Xia YH, Wang WJ, Xia J, Fu HD, Wang X, Shen HJ, Qian GL, Liu AM, Mao JH (2013) Persistent asymptomatic isolated hematuria in children: clinical and histopathological features and prognosis. World J Pediatr 9:163–168PubMedCrossRef
78.
Zhai Y, Xu H, Shen Q, Cao Q, Zhu G, Wei M, Sun L, Liu H, Rao J, Fang X, Chen J, Guo W (2014) Renal histological features of school-age children with asymptomatic haematuria and/or proteinuria: a multicenter study. Nephrology (Carlton) 19:426–431CrossRef
79.
Praga M, Gutierrez-Millet V, Navas JJ, Ruilope LM, Morales JM, Alcazar JM, Bello I, Rodicio JL (1985) Acute worsening of renal function during episodes of macroscopic hematuria in IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int 28:69–74PubMedCrossRef
80.
Gutierrez E, Gonzalez E, Hernandez E, Morales E, Martinez MA, Usera G, Praga M (2007) Factors that determine an incomplete recovery of renal function in macrohematuria-induced acute renal failure of IgA nephropathy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2:51–57PubMedCrossRef
81.
(2002) K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis 39:S1–266
82.
Levin A, Stevens PE (2014) Summary of KDIGO 2012 CKD Guideline: behind the scenes, need for guidance, and a framework for moving forward. Kidney Int 85:49–61PubMedCrossRef
83.
Szeto CC, Lai FM, To KF, Wong TY, Chow KM, Choi PC, Lui SF, Li PK (2001) The natural history of immunoglobulin a nephropathy among patients with hematuria and minimal proteinuria. Am J Med 110:434–437PubMedCrossRef
84.
Iseki K, Ikemiya Y, Iseki C, Takishita S (2003) Proteinuria and the risk of developing end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int 63:1468–1474PubMedCrossRef
85.
Iseki K, Iseki C, Ikemiya Y, Fukiyama K (1996) Risk of developing end-stage renal disease in a cohort of mass screening. Kidney Int 49:800–805PubMedCrossRef
86.
Murakami M, Yamamoto H, Ueda Y, Murakami K, Yamauchi K (1991) Urinary screening of elementary and junior high-school children over a 13-year period in Tokyo. Pediatr Nephrol 5:50–53PubMedCrossRef
87.
Cho BS, Kim SD, Choi YM, Kang HH (2001) School urinalysis screening in Korea: prevalence of chronic renal disease. Pediatr Nephrol 16:1126–1128PubMedCrossRef
88.
Lin CY, Sheng CC, Lin CC, Chen CH, Chou P (2001) Mass urinary screening and follow-up for school children in Taiwan Province. Acta Paediatr Taiwan 42:134–140PubMed
89.
Patel RP, Svistunenko DA, Darley-Usmar VM, Symons MC, Wilson MT (1996) Redox cycling of human methaemoglobin by H2O2 yields persistent ferryl iron and protein based radicals. Free Radic Res 25:117–123PubMedCrossRef
90.
Heyman SN, Brezis M (1995) Acute renal failure in glomerular bleeding: a puzzling phenomenon. Nephrol Dial Transplant 10:591–593PubMed
91.
Tracz MJ, Alam J, Nath KA (2007) Physiology and pathophysiology of heme: implications for kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 18:414–420PubMedCrossRef
92.
93.
Kristiansen M, Graversen JH, Jacobsen C, Sonne O, Hoffman HJ, Law SK, Moestrup SK (2001) Identification of the haemoglobin scavenger receptor. Nature 409:198–201PubMedCrossRef
94.
Philippidis P, Mason JC, Evans BJ, Nadra I, Taylor KM, Haskard DO, Landis RC (2004) Hemoglobin scavenger receptor CD163 mediates interleukin-10 release and heme oxygenase-1 synthesis: antiinflammatory monocyte-macrophage responses in vitro, in resolving skin blisters in vivo, and after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Circ Res 94:119–126PubMedCrossRef
95.
Ballarin J, Arce Y, Torra BR, Diaz EM, Manzarbeitia F, Ortiz A, Egido J, Moreno JA (2011) Acute renal failure associated to paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria leads to intratubular haemosiderin accumulation and CD163 expression. Nephrol Dial Transplant 26:3408–3411PubMedCrossRef
96.
Garcia-Camin RM, Goma M, Osuna RG, Rubio-Navarro A, Buendia I, Ortiz A, Egido J, Manzarbeitia F, Chevarria JL, Gluksmann MC, Moreno JA (2014) Molecular mediators of favism-induced acute kidney injury. Clin Nephrol 81:203–209PubMedCrossRef
97.
Gutierrez E, Egido J, Rubio-Navarro A, Buendia I, Blanco Colio LM, Toldos O, Manzarbeitia F, de Lorenzo A, Sanchez R, Ortiz A, Praga M, Moreno JA (2012) Oxidative stress, macrophage infiltration and CD163 expression are determinants of long-term renal outcome in macrohematuria-induced acute kidney injury of IgA nephropathy. Nephron Clin Pract 121:c42–c53PubMedCrossRef
98.
Martin CC, Moreno JA, Fernandez B, Ortiz A, Parra EG, Gracia C, Blanco-Colio LM, Barat A, Egido J (2010) Glomerular haematuria, renal interstitial haemorrhage and acute kidney injury. Nephrol Dial Transplant 25:4103–4106CrossRef
99.
Coppo R, Troyanov S, Bellur S, Cattran D, Cook HT, Feehally J, Roberts IS, Morando L, Camilla R, Tesar V, Lunberg S, Gesualdo L, Emma F, Rollino C, Amore A, Praga M, Feriozzi S, Segoloni G, Pani A, Cancarini G, Durlik M, Moggia E, Mazzucco G, Giannakakis C, Honsova E, Sundelin BB, Di Palma AM, Ferrario F, Gutierrez E, Asunis AM, Barratt J, Tardanico R, Perkowska-Ptasinska A (2014) Validation of the Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy in cohorts with different presentations and treatments. Kidney Int 86:828–836PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
100.
Tesar V, Troyanov S, Bellur S, Verhave JC, Cook HT, Feehally J, Roberts IS, Cattran D, Coppo R (2015) Corticosteroids in IgA nephropathy: a retrospective analysis from the VALIGA study. J Am Soc Nephrol. doi:10.​1681/​ASN.​2014070697 PubMed
101.
Eitner F, Ackermann D, Hilgers RD, Floege J (2008) Supportive versus immunosuppressive therapy of progressive IgA nephropathy (STOP) IgAN trial: rationale and study protocol. J Nephrol 21:284–289PubMed
102.
Martines AM, Masereeuw R, Tjalsma H, Hoenderop JG, Wetzels JF, Swinkels DW (2013) Iron metabolism in the pathogenesis of iron-induced kidney injury. Nat Rev Nephrol 9:385–398PubMedCrossRef
103.
Komatsu H, Fujimoto S, Hara S, Sato Y, Yamada K, Kitamura K (2008) Effect of tonsillectomy plus steroid pulse therapy on clinical remission of IgA nephropathy: a controlled study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 3:1301–1307PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
104.
Liu LL, Wang LN, Jiang Y, Yao L, Dong LP, Li ZL, Li XL (2015) Tonsillectomy for IgA nephropathy: a meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 65:80–87PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Haematuria as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease progression in glomerular diseases: A review
verfasst von
Juan Antonio Moreno
Claudia Yuste
Eduardo Gutiérrez
Ángel M. Sevillano
Alfonso Rubio-Navarro
Juan Manuel Amaro-Villalobos
Manuel Praga
Jesús Egido
Publikationsdatum
01.04.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Pediatric Nephrology / Ausgabe 4/2016
Print ISSN: 0931-041X
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-198X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-015-3119-1

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2016

Pediatric Nephrology 4/2016 Zur Ausgabe

Original Article

Acute kidney injury after heart transplant in young children: risk factors and outcomes

Clinical Quiz

An unusual cause of “pink diaper” in an infant: Answers

Original Article

Defining and predicting ‘intrauterine fetal renal failure’ in congenital lower urinary tract obstruction

Original Article

Cyclophosphamide and rituximab in frequently relapsing/steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome

Original Article

Anti-interleukin 1 treatment in secondary amyloidosis associated with autoinflammatory diseases

Original Article

Continuous renal replacement therapy in children: fluid overload does not always predict mortality

Neu im Fachgebiet Pädiatrie

Neuer Typ-1-Diabetes bei Kindern am Wochenende eher übersehen

23.04.2024 Typ-1-Diabetes Nachrichten

Wenn Kinder an Werktagen zum Arzt gehen, werden neu auftretender Typ-1-Diabetes und diabetische Ketoazidosen häufiger erkannt als bei Arztbesuchen an Wochenenden oder Feiertagen.

Neue Studienergebnisse zur Myopiekontrolle mit Atropin

22.04.2024 Fehlsichtigkeit Nachrichten

Augentropfen mit niedrig dosiertem Atropin können helfen, das Fortschreiten einer Kurzsichtigkeit bei Kindern zumindest zu verlangsamen, wie die Ergebnisse einer aktuellen Studie mit verschiedenen Dosierungen zeigen.

Spinale Muskelatrophie: Neugeborenen-Screening lohnt sich

18.04.2024 Spinale Muskelatrophien Nachrichten

Seit 2021 ist die Untersuchung auf spinale Muskelatrophie Teil des Neugeborenen-Screenings in Deutschland. Eine Studie liefert weitere Evidenz für den Nutzen der Maßnahme.

Fünf Dinge, die im Kindernotfall besser zu unterlassen sind

18.04.2024 Pädiatrische Notfallmedizin Nachrichten

Im Choosing-Wisely-Programm, das für die deutsche Initiative „Klug entscheiden“ Pate gestanden hat, sind erstmals Empfehlungen zum Umgang mit Notfällen von Kindern erschienen. Fünf Dinge gilt es demnach zu vermeiden.

Update Pädiatrie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen
Bildnachweise