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Erschienen in: Pediatric Nephrology 2/2016

01.02.2016 | Original Article

Gender and obesity modify the impact of salt intake on blood pressure in children

verfasst von: Liane Correia-Costa, Dina Cosme, Luís Nogueira-Silva, Manuela Morato, Teresa Sousa, Cláudia Moura, Cláudia Mota, António Guerra, António Albino-Teixeira, José Carlos Areias, Franz Schaefer, Carla Lopes, Alberto Caldas Afonso, Ana Azevedo

Erschienen in: Pediatric Nephrology | Ausgabe 2/2016

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Abstract

Background

Most modifiable risk factors for high blood pressure (BP), such as obesity and salt intake, are imprinted in childhood and persist into adulthood. The aim of our study was to evaluate the intake of salt in children and to assess its impact on BP taking into account gender and nutritional status.

Methods

A total of 298 children aged 8–9 years were evaluated in a cross-sectional study. Anthropometric measurements and 24-h ambulatory monitoring were performed, and salt intake was determined by 24-h urinary sodium excretion.

Results

The average estimated salt intake among the entire cohort of children enrolled in the study was 6.5 ± 2.2 g/day, and it was significantly higher in boys than in girls (6.8 ± 2.4 vs. 6.1 ± 1.9 g/day, respectively; p = 0.018) and in overweight/obese children than in normal weight children (6.8 ± 2.4 vs. 6.1 ± 2.0 g/day, respectively; p = 0.006). Salt intake exceeded the upper limit of the US Dietary Reference Intake in 72 % of children. Daytime systolic BP increased by 1.00 mmHg (95 % confidence interval 0.40–1.59) per gram of daily salt intake in overweight/obese boys, but not in normal weight boys or in girls.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate an extremely high salt intake among 8- to 9-year-old Portuguese children. Higher salt intake was associated with higher systolic BP in boys, specifically in those who were overweight/obese. Longitudinal studies are needed to further evaluate the causal relationship between obesity and high BP and the mechanism by which salt intake modulates this relationship. Nonetheless, based on our results, we urge that dietary salt reduction interventions, along with measures to fight the global epidemic of obesity, be implemented as early in life as possible.
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Metadaten
Titel
Gender and obesity modify the impact of salt intake on blood pressure in children
verfasst von
Liane Correia-Costa
Dina Cosme
Luís Nogueira-Silva
Manuela Morato
Teresa Sousa
Cláudia Moura
Cláudia Mota
António Guerra
António Albino-Teixeira
José Carlos Areias
Franz Schaefer
Carla Lopes
Alberto Caldas Afonso
Ana Azevedo
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Pediatric Nephrology / Ausgabe 2/2016
Print ISSN: 0931-041X
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-198X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-015-3210-7

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