Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 3/2010

01.09.2010 | Review Article

Management of oral submucous fibrosis: an overview

verfasst von: Punnya V. Angadi, Sanjay Rao

Erschienen in: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery | Ausgabe 3/2010

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Oral submucous fibrosis is a disease due to a chronic, insidious change in fibroelasticity, characterized by burning sensation in the oral cavity, blanching, and stiffening of the oral mucosa and oro-pharynx leading to trismus and inability to open the mouth. The symptoms and signs depend on the progression of the lesions and number of affected sites. It is predominantly seen in Indians and other Asians. Once, the disease has developed, there is neither regression nor any effective treatment. It is considered as a pre-malignant stage of oral cancer and reported risk of malignant transformation varies from 2.3-7.6%.The common etiological factor considered for this unremitting disease is use of areca nut; however, the precise pathogenesis still remains elusive and controversial. A wide range of treatment consisting of drug management, surgical therapy, and physiotherapy have been attempted till date; with varying degrees of benefit, but none of them have proved to be a cure for this disease. This field remains open for clinical trials and research. This paper aims to provide an overview on various management modalities available for oral submucous fibrosis.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Pindborg JJ, Sirasat SM (1966) Oral submucous fibrosis. Oral surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 22:746–779CrossRef Pindborg JJ, Sirasat SM (1966) Oral submucous fibrosis. Oral surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 22:746–779CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Canniff JP, Harvey W, Harris M (1986) Oral submucous fibrosis: its pathogenesis and management. Br Dent J 160:429–434PubMedCrossRef Canniff JP, Harvey W, Harris M (1986) Oral submucous fibrosis: its pathogenesis and management. Br Dent J 160:429–434PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Laskaris G, Bovopoulou O, Nicolis G (1981) Oral submucous fibrosis in a greek female. Br J Oral Surg 19:197–201PubMedCrossRef Laskaris G, Bovopoulou O, Nicolis G (1981) Oral submucous fibrosis in a greek female. Br J Oral Surg 19:197–201PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Sinor PN, Gupta PC, Murti PR (1990) A case control study of oral submucous fibrosis with special reference to the etiologic role of areca nut. J Oral Pathol Med 19:94–98PubMedCrossRef Sinor PN, Gupta PC, Murti PR (1990) A case control study of oral submucous fibrosis with special reference to the etiologic role of areca nut. J Oral Pathol Med 19:94–98PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Joshi SG (1953) Submucous fibrosis of the palate and pillars. Indian J Otolaryngol 4:1–4 Joshi SG (1953) Submucous fibrosis of the palate and pillars. Indian J Otolaryngol 4:1–4
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Sirasat SM, Pindborg JJ (1967) Subepithelial changes in oral submucous fibrosis. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 70:161–173CrossRef Sirasat SM, Pindborg JJ (1967) Subepithelial changes in oral submucous fibrosis. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 70:161–173CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Canniff JP, Harvey W (1981) The aetiology of oral submucous fibrosis: the stimulation of collagen synthesis by extracts of areca nut. Int J Oral Surg 10:163–167PubMed Canniff JP, Harvey W (1981) The aetiology of oral submucous fibrosis: the stimulation of collagen synthesis by extracts of areca nut. Int J Oral Surg 10:163–167PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat van Wyk CW, Seedat HA, Phillips VM (1990) Collagen in submucous fibrosis: an electron microscopic study. J Oral Pathol Med 19:182–187PubMedCrossRef van Wyk CW, Seedat HA, Phillips VM (1990) Collagen in submucous fibrosis: an electron microscopic study. J Oral Pathol Med 19:182–187PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Pindborg JJ, Murti PR, Bhonsle RB, Gupta PC, Daftary DK, Mehta FS (1984) Oral submucous fibrosis as a precancerous condition. Scand J Dent Res 89:270–274 Pindborg JJ, Murti PR, Bhonsle RB, Gupta PC, Daftary DK, Mehta FS (1984) Oral submucous fibrosis as a precancerous condition. Scand J Dent Res 89:270–274
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Kwan HW (1976) A statistical study on oral carcinomas in Taiwan with emphasis on the relationship with betel nut chewing—a preliminary report. J Formos Med assoc 75:497–505 Kwan HW (1976) A statistical study on oral carcinomas in Taiwan with emphasis on the relationship with betel nut chewing—a preliminary report. J Formos Med assoc 75:497–505
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Murti PR, Bhonsle RB, Pindborg JJ, Daftary DK, Gupta PC, Mehta FS (1997) Malignant transformation rate in oral submucous fibrosis over a 17-year period. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 25:377–383CrossRef Murti PR, Bhonsle RB, Pindborg JJ, Daftary DK, Gupta PC, Mehta FS (1997) Malignant transformation rate in oral submucous fibrosis over a 17-year period. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 25:377–383CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Mani NJ, Singh B (1976) Studies on oral submucous fibrosis-epithelial changes. Oral Surg 41:203–214PubMedCrossRef Mani NJ, Singh B (1976) Studies on oral submucous fibrosis-epithelial changes. Oral Surg 41:203–214PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Jeng JH, Chang MC, Hahn LJ (2001) Role of areca nut in betel quid associated chemical carcinogenesis: current awareness and future perspectives. Oral Oncol 37:477–492PubMedCrossRef Jeng JH, Chang MC, Hahn LJ (2001) Role of areca nut in betel quid associated chemical carcinogenesis: current awareness and future perspectives. Oral Oncol 37:477–492PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Pindborg JJ, Mehta FS, Gupta PC, Daftary DK (1968) Prevalence of oral submucous fibrosis among 50,915 Indian villagers. Br J Cancer 22:646–654PubMed Pindborg JJ, Mehta FS, Gupta PC, Daftary DK (1968) Prevalence of oral submucous fibrosis among 50,915 Indian villagers. Br J Cancer 22:646–654PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Rajalalitha P, Vali S (2005) Molecular pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis—a collagen metabolic disorder. J Oral Pathol Med 34:321–328PubMedCrossRef Rajalalitha P, Vali S (2005) Molecular pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis—a collagen metabolic disorder. J Oral Pathol Med 34:321–328PubMedCrossRef
17.
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Gupta PC, Sinor PN, Bhonsle RB, Pawar VS, Mehta HC (1998) Oral submucous fibrosis in India: a new epidemic. Natl Med J 11:113–114 Gupta PC, Sinor PN, Bhonsle RB, Pawar VS, Mehta HC (1998) Oral submucous fibrosis in India: a new epidemic. Natl Med J 11:113–114
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayes PA (1985) Oral submucous fibrosis in a 4-year-old girl. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 59:475–478PubMedCrossRef Hayes PA (1985) Oral submucous fibrosis in a 4-year-old girl. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 59:475–478PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Oliver AJ, Radden BG (1992) Oral submucous fibrosis. Case report and review of literature. Aust Dent J 37:31–34PubMedCrossRef Oliver AJ, Radden BG (1992) Oral submucous fibrosis. Case report and review of literature. Aust Dent J 37:31–34PubMedCrossRef
21.
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhonsle RB, Murti PR, Daftary DK, Gupta PC, Mehta FS, Sinor PN, Irani RR, Pindborg JJ (1987) Regional variations in oral submucous fibrosis in India. Comm Dent Oral Epidemiol 15:225–229CrossRef Bhonsle RB, Murti PR, Daftary DK, Gupta PC, Mehta FS, Sinor PN, Irani RR, Pindborg JJ (1987) Regional variations in oral submucous fibrosis in India. Comm Dent Oral Epidemiol 15:225–229CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Schwartz J (1962) Atrophica idiopathioca (Tropica) Mucosae oris. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Dental Congress, London, 1992 (Cited by Sirasat and Khanolkar. Indian J Med 16:185–197) Schwartz J (1962) Atrophica idiopathioca (Tropica) Mucosae oris. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Dental Congress, London, 1992 (Cited by Sirasat and Khanolkar. Indian J Med 16:185–197)
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Paymaster JC (1956) Cancer of the buccal mucosa: clinical study of 650 cases in Indian patients. Cancer 9:431–435PubMedCrossRef Paymaster JC (1956) Cancer of the buccal mucosa: clinical study of 650 cases in Indian patients. Cancer 9:431–435PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Hardie J (1987) Oral submucous fibrosis: a review with case reports. J Can Dent Assoc 53:389–393PubMed Hardie J (1987) Oral submucous fibrosis: a review with case reports. J Can Dent Assoc 53:389–393PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Pindborg JJ (1972) Is submucous fibrosis a precancerous condition in the oral cavity? Int Dent 22:474–480 Pindborg JJ (1972) Is submucous fibrosis a precancerous condition in the oral cavity? Int Dent 22:474–480
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Pindborg JJ, Chawla TN, Srivastara AN, Gupta PD et al (1972) Clinical aspects of oral submucous fibrosis. Acta Odontol Scand 22:679–691CrossRef Pindborg JJ, Chawla TN, Srivastara AN, Gupta PD et al (1972) Clinical aspects of oral submucous fibrosis. Acta Odontol Scand 22:679–691CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Shiau YY, Kwan HW (1979) Submucous fibrosis in Taiwan. Oral Surg 47:454–457CrossRef Shiau YY, Kwan HW (1979) Submucous fibrosis in Taiwan. Oral Surg 47:454–457CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Morawetz G, Katsikeris N, Weinberg S, Listorm R (1987) Oral submucous fibrosis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 16:609–714PubMedCrossRef Morawetz G, Katsikeris N, Weinberg S, Listorm R (1987) Oral submucous fibrosis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 16:609–714PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Pillai R, Balaram P (1992) Pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis, relationship to risk factors associated with cancer. Cancer 69:2011–2020PubMedCrossRef Pillai R, Balaram P (1992) Pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis, relationship to risk factors associated with cancer. Cancer 69:2011–2020PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Warnakulasuriya KAAS, Trivedy C, Maher R, Johnson NW (1997) Aetiology of oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Dis 3:286–287 Warnakulasuriya KAAS, Trivedy C, Maher R, Johnson NW (1997) Aetiology of oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Dis 3:286–287
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Sinor PN, Gupta PC, Murti PR et al (1990) A case control study of oral submucous fibrosis with special reference to the etiologic role of areca nut. J Oral Pathol Med 19:94–98PubMedCrossRef Sinor PN, Gupta PC, Murti PR et al (1990) A case control study of oral submucous fibrosis with special reference to the etiologic role of areca nut. J Oral Pathol Med 19:94–98PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Seedat H, Van Wyk CW (1988) Submucous fibrosis in non betel nut chewing subjects. J Biol Buccale 16:3–6PubMed Seedat H, Van Wyk CW (1988) Submucous fibrosis in non betel nut chewing subjects. J Biol Buccale 16:3–6PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Seedat HA, Van Wyk CW (1998) Betel nut chewing and submucous fibrosis in Durban. S Afr Med J 74:568–571 Seedat HA, Van Wyk CW (1998) Betel nut chewing and submucous fibrosis in Durban. S Afr Med J 74:568–571
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Murti PR, Bhonsle RB, Gupta PC, Daftary DK, Pindborg JJ, Mehta FS (1995) Etiology of oral submucous fibrosis with special reference to the role of areca nut chewing. J Oral Pathol Med 24:145–152PubMedCrossRef Murti PR, Bhonsle RB, Gupta PC, Daftary DK, Pindborg JJ, Mehta FS (1995) Etiology of oral submucous fibrosis with special reference to the role of areca nut chewing. J Oral Pathol Med 24:145–152PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Shah N, Sharma PP (1998) Role of chewing and smoking habits in the etiology of oral submucous fibrosis—a case control study. J Oral Pathol Med 27:475–479PubMedCrossRef Shah N, Sharma PP (1998) Role of chewing and smoking habits in the etiology of oral submucous fibrosis—a case control study. J Oral Pathol Med 27:475–479PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang YH, Lien YC, Ho PS, Chen CH, Chang JSF, Cheng TC, Shieh TY (2005) The effects of chewing arca/betel quid with and without cigarette smoking on oral submucous fibrosis and oral mucosal lesions. Oral Dis 11:88–94PubMedCrossRef Yang YH, Lien YC, Ho PS, Chen CH, Chang JSF, Cheng TC, Shieh TY (2005) The effects of chewing arca/betel quid with and without cigarette smoking on oral submucous fibrosis and oral mucosal lesions. Oral Dis 11:88–94PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Yusuf H, Yong SL (2002) Oral submucous fibrosis in a 12-year-old Bangaladeshi boy: a case report and review of literature. Int J Pediatr Dent 12:271–276CrossRef Yusuf H, Yong SL (2002) Oral submucous fibrosis in a 12-year-old Bangaladeshi boy: a case report and review of literature. Int J Pediatr Dent 12:271–276CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Ranganathan K, Uma Devi M, Elizabeth J, Kiran Kumar K, Saraswathi TR (2004) Oral submucous fibrosis: a case—control study in Chennai, South India. J Oral Pathol Med 33:274–277PubMedCrossRef Ranganathan K, Uma Devi M, Elizabeth J, Kiran Kumar K, Saraswathi TR (2004) Oral submucous fibrosis: a case—control study in Chennai, South India. J Oral Pathol Med 33:274–277PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Merchant AT, Haider SM, Fikree FF (1997) Increased severity of oral submucous fibrosis in young Pakistani men. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 35:284–287PubMedCrossRef Merchant AT, Haider SM, Fikree FF (1997) Increased severity of oral submucous fibrosis in young Pakistani men. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 35:284–287PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Tilakaratne WM, Klinikowski MF, Takashi S, Peters TJ, Warnakulasuriya S (2006) Oral submucous fibrosis: review on etiology and pathogenesis. Oral Oncol 42:561–568PubMedCrossRef Tilakaratne WM, Klinikowski MF, Takashi S, Peters TJ, Warnakulasuriya S (2006) Oral submucous fibrosis: review on etiology and pathogenesis. Oral Oncol 42:561–568PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Rajendran R (1994) Oral submucous fibrosis:etiology, pathogenesis, and future research. Bull World Health Org 72:985–996PubMed Rajendran R (1994) Oral submucous fibrosis:etiology, pathogenesis, and future research. Bull World Health Org 72:985–996PubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Murti PR, Gupta PC, Bhonsle RB, Daftary DK, Mehta FS, Pindborg JJ (1990) Effect on the incidence of oral submucous fibrosis of intervention in the areca nut chewing habit. J Oral Pathol Med 19:99–100PubMedCrossRef Murti PR, Gupta PC, Bhonsle RB, Daftary DK, Mehta FS, Pindborg JJ (1990) Effect on the incidence of oral submucous fibrosis of intervention in the areca nut chewing habit. J Oral Pathol Med 19:99–100PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Maher R, Lee AJ, Warnakulasuriya KAAS, Lewis JA, Johnson NW (1994) Role of areca nut in the causation of oral submucous fibrosis: a case-control study in Pakistan. J Oral Pathol Med 23:65–69PubMedCrossRef Maher R, Lee AJ, Warnakulasuriya KAAS, Lewis JA, Johnson NW (1994) Role of areca nut in the causation of oral submucous fibrosis: a case-control study in Pakistan. J Oral Pathol Med 23:65–69PubMedCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Reichart PA, Van Wyk CW, Becker J, Schuppan D (1994) Distribution of procollagen typeIII, collagen typeIV and tenascin in oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 23:394–398PubMedCrossRef Reichart PA, Van Wyk CW, Becker J, Schuppan D (1994) Distribution of procollagen typeIII, collagen typeIV and tenascin in oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 23:394–398PubMedCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Harvey W, Scutt A, Meghji S, Canniff P (1986) Stimulation of human buccal mucosa fibroblast in vitro by betel nut alkaloids. Arch Oral Biol 31:45–49PubMedCrossRef Harvey W, Scutt A, Meghji S, Canniff P (1986) Stimulation of human buccal mucosa fibroblast in vitro by betel nut alkaloids. Arch Oral Biol 31:45–49PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Kuo MYP, Chen HM, Hahn LJ, Hsieh CC, Chaian CP (1995) Collagen biosynthesis in human oral submucous fibrosis fibroblast cultures. J Dent Res 74:1783–1788PubMedCrossRef Kuo MYP, Chen HM, Hahn LJ, Hsieh CC, Chaian CP (1995) Collagen biosynthesis in human oral submucous fibrosis fibroblast cultures. J Dent Res 74:1783–1788PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat De Waal J, Olivier A, Van Wyk CW, Maritz JS (1997) The fibroblast population in oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 26:69–74PubMedCrossRef De Waal J, Olivier A, Van Wyk CW, Maritz JS (1997) The fibroblast population in oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 26:69–74PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Meghji S, Scutt A, Harvey W, Canniff JP (1987) An invitro comparison of human fibroblasts from normal and oral submucous fibrosis tissue. Arch Oral Biol 32:213–215PubMedCrossRef Meghji S, Scutt A, Harvey W, Canniff JP (1987) An invitro comparison of human fibroblasts from normal and oral submucous fibrosis tissue. Arch Oral Biol 32:213–215PubMedCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Haue MF, Meghji S, Khitab U, Harris M (2000) Oral submucous fibrosis patients have altered levels of cytokine production. J Oral Pathol Med 29:123–128CrossRef Haue MF, Meghji S, Khitab U, Harris M (2000) Oral submucous fibrosis patients have altered levels of cytokine production. J Oral Pathol Med 29:123–128CrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Kundendu AB, Radhakrishnan R, Satyamoorthy K (2008) The role of basic fibroblast growth factor in oral submucous fibrosis pathogenesis. J Oral Pathol Med 37:402–411CrossRef Kundendu AB, Radhakrishnan R, Satyamoorthy K (2008) The role of basic fibroblast growth factor in oral submucous fibrosis pathogenesis. J Oral Pathol Med 37:402–411CrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsai CH, Yang SF, Chen YJ, Chou MY, Chang YC (2005) Raised keratinocyte growth factor-1 expression in oral submucous in vivo and upregulated by arecoline in human buccal mucosal fibroblasts in vitro. J Oral Pathol Med 34:100–105PubMedCrossRef Tsai CH, Yang SF, Chen YJ, Chou MY, Chang YC (2005) Raised keratinocyte growth factor-1 expression in oral submucous in vivo and upregulated by arecoline in human buccal mucosal fibroblasts in vitro. J Oral Pathol Med 34:100–105PubMedCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Haue MF, Harris M, Meghji S, Spieght PM (1997) An immunohistochemical study of oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 26:75–82CrossRef Haue MF, Harris M, Meghji S, Spieght PM (1997) An immunohistochemical study of oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 26:75–82CrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsai CH, Yang SF, Chen YJ, My C, Chang YC (2005) The upregulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 in oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Oncol 41:940–946PubMedCrossRef Tsai CH, Yang SF, Chen YJ, My C, Chang YC (2005) The upregulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 in oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Oncol 41:940–946PubMedCrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Haue MF, Harris M, Meghji S, Barret AW (1998) Immunolocalisation of cytokines and growth factors in oral submucous fibrosis. Cytokine 10:713–719CrossRef Haue MF, Harris M, Meghji S, Barret AW (1998) Immunolocalisation of cytokines and growth factors in oral submucous fibrosis. Cytokine 10:713–719CrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsai CH, Chou MY, Chang YC (2003) The upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human buccal mucosal fibroblasts by arecoline: a possible role in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 32:146–153PubMedCrossRef Tsai CH, Chou MY, Chang YC (2003) The upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human buccal mucosal fibroblasts by arecoline: a possible role in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 32:146–153PubMedCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Chang YC, Tai KW, Cheng MH, Chou LSS, Chou MY (1998) Cytotoxic and nongenotoxic effects of arecoline on human buccal mucosal fibroblasts in vitro. J Oral Pathol Med 27:68–71PubMedCrossRef Chang YC, Tai KW, Cheng MH, Chou LSS, Chou MY (1998) Cytotoxic and nongenotoxic effects of arecoline on human buccal mucosal fibroblasts in vitro. J Oral Pathol Med 27:68–71PubMedCrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Chui CJ, Chang ML, Chaing CP, Hahn LJ, Hsieh LL, Chaen CJ (2002) Interaction of collagen-related genes and susceptibility to betel quid induced oral submucous fibrosis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 11:646–653 Chui CJ, Chang ML, Chaing CP, Hahn LJ, Hsieh LL, Chaen CJ (2002) Interaction of collagen-related genes and susceptibility to betel quid induced oral submucous fibrosis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 11:646–653
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Chiu CJ, Cp C, Chang ML (2001) Association between genetic polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor alpha and risk of oral submucous fibrosis, a precancerous condition of oral cancer. J Dent Res 80:2055–2059PubMedCrossRef Chiu CJ, Cp C, Chang ML (2001) Association between genetic polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor alpha and risk of oral submucous fibrosis, a precancerous condition of oral cancer. J Dent Res 80:2055–2059PubMedCrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Lui CJ, Lee YJ, Chang KW, Sinh YN, Liu HF, Dang CW (2004) Polymorphism of the MICA gene and risk for oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 33:1–6CrossRef Lui CJ, Lee YJ, Chang KW, Sinh YN, Liu HF, Dang CW (2004) Polymorphism of the MICA gene and risk for oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 33:1–6CrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Shin YN, Lui CJ, Chang KW, Lee YY, Lui HF (2004) Association of CTLA-4 gene polymorphism with oral submucous fibrosis in Taiwan. J Oral Pathol Med 33:1–6CrossRef Shin YN, Lui CJ, Chang KW, Lee YY, Lui HF (2004) Association of CTLA-4 gene polymorphism with oral submucous fibrosis in Taiwan. J Oral Pathol Med 33:1–6CrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Tu HF, Liu CJ, Chang CS, Lui MT, Kao SY, Chang CP, Liu TY (2006) The functional (−1171 5A → 6A) polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase 3 gene as a risk factor for oral submucous fibrosis among male areca users. J Oral Pathol Med 35:99–103PubMedCrossRef Tu HF, Liu CJ, Chang CS, Lui MT, Kao SY, Chang CP, Liu TY (2006) The functional (−1171 5A → 6A) polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase 3 gene as a risk factor for oral submucous fibrosis among male areca users. J Oral Pathol Med 35:99–103PubMedCrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Utsunomiya H, Tilakaratne WM, OshiroK MS, Suzuki M, Ida-Yonemochi H, Cheng J, Saku T (2005) Extracellular matrix remodeling in oral submucous fibrosis: its stage-specific modes revealed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. J Oral Pathol Med 34:498–507PubMedCrossRef Utsunomiya H, Tilakaratne WM, OshiroK MS, Suzuki M, Ida-Yonemochi H, Cheng J, Saku T (2005) Extracellular matrix remodeling in oral submucous fibrosis: its stage-specific modes revealed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. J Oral Pathol Med 34:498–507PubMedCrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Scutt A, Meghji S, Canniff JP, Harvey W (1987) Stabilisation of collagen by betel nut polyphenols as a mechanism in oral submucous fibrosis. Experimentia 43:391–393CrossRef Scutt A, Meghji S, Canniff JP, Harvey W (1987) Stabilisation of collagen by betel nut polyphenols as a mechanism in oral submucous fibrosis. Experimentia 43:391–393CrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Meghji S, Scutt A, Canniff JP, Harvey W, Phillipson JD (1982) Inhibition of collagenase activity by areca nut tannins: a mechanism of collagen accumulation in oral submucous fibrosis. J Dent Res 61:545 Meghji S, Scutt A, Canniff JP, Harvey W, Phillipson JD (1982) Inhibition of collagenase activity by areca nut tannins: a mechanism of collagen accumulation in oral submucous fibrosis. J Dent Res 61:545
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Shieh TY, Yang JF (1992) Collagenase activity in oral submucous fibrosis. Pro Natl Sci Counc China B 16:106–110 Shieh TY, Yang JF (1992) Collagenase activity in oral submucous fibrosis. Pro Natl Sci Counc China B 16:106–110
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Shieh DH, Chiang LC, Shieh TY (2003) Augmented mRNA expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in buccal mucosal fibroblasts by arecoline and saffrole as a possible pathogenesis for oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Oncol 39:728–735PubMedCrossRef Shieh DH, Chiang LC, Shieh TY (2003) Augmented mRNA expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in buccal mucosal fibroblasts by arecoline and saffrole as a possible pathogenesis for oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Oncol 39:728–735PubMedCrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Chang YC, Yang SF, Tai KW, Chou MY, Hsieh YS (2002) Increased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 expression and inhibition of gelatinase A activity in buccal mucosal fibroblasts by arecoline as possible mechanisms for oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Oncol 38:195–200PubMedCrossRef Chang YC, Yang SF, Tai KW, Chou MY, Hsieh YS (2002) Increased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 expression and inhibition of gelatinase A activity in buccal mucosal fibroblasts by arecoline as possible mechanisms for oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Oncol 38:195–200PubMedCrossRef
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang SF, Hsieh YS, Tsai CH, Chou MY, Chang YC (2003) The upregulation of typeI plaminogen activator inhibitor in oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Oncol 39:367–372PubMedCrossRef Yang SF, Hsieh YS, Tsai CH, Chou MY, Chang YC (2003) The upregulation of typeI plaminogen activator inhibitor in oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Oncol 39:367–372PubMedCrossRef
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Rajendran R, Vijaykumar T, Vasudevan DM (1989) An alternative pathogenic pathway for oral submucous fibrosis. Med Hypotheses 30:231–239CrossRef Rajendran R, Vijaykumar T, Vasudevan DM (1989) An alternative pathogenic pathway for oral submucous fibrosis. Med Hypotheses 30:231–239CrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsai CC, Ma RH, Shieh TY (1999) Deficiency in collagen and fibronectin phagocytosis by human buccal mucosa fibroblasts in vitro as a possible mechanism for oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 28:59–63PubMedCrossRef Tsai CC, Ma RH, Shieh TY (1999) Deficiency in collagen and fibronectin phagocytosis by human buccal mucosa fibroblasts in vitro as a possible mechanism for oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 28:59–63PubMedCrossRef
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Shieh DH, Chiang LC, Lee CH, Yang YH, Shieh TY (2004) Effects of arecoline, saffrole and nicotine on collagen phagocytosis by human buccal mucosal fibroblasts as a possible mechanism for oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral pathol Med 33:581–587PubMedCrossRef Shieh DH, Chiang LC, Lee CH, Yang YH, Shieh TY (2004) Effects of arecoline, saffrole and nicotine on collagen phagocytosis by human buccal mucosal fibroblasts as a possible mechanism for oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral pathol Med 33:581–587PubMedCrossRef
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsai Ch, Yang SF, Chang YC (2007) The upregulation of cystatin C in oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Oncol 43:680–685CrossRef Tsai Ch, Yang SF, Chang YC (2007) The upregulation of cystatin C in oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Oncol 43:680–685CrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Trivedy C, Warnakulasuriya KAAS, Hazarey VK, Tavassoli M, Sommer P, Johnson NW (1999) The upregulation of lysyl oxidase in oral submucous fibrosis and squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 28:246–251PubMedCrossRef Trivedy C, Warnakulasuriya KAAS, Hazarey VK, Tavassoli M, Sommer P, Johnson NW (1999) The upregulation of lysyl oxidase in oral submucous fibrosis and squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 28:246–251PubMedCrossRef
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Trivedy CR, Warnakulasuriya KAAS, Peter TJ, Senkus R, Hazarey VK, Johnson NW (2000) Raised tissue copper levels in oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 29:241–248PubMedCrossRef Trivedy CR, Warnakulasuriya KAAS, Peter TJ, Senkus R, Hazarey VK, Johnson NW (2000) Raised tissue copper levels in oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 29:241–248PubMedCrossRef
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Trivedy CR, Meghji S, Warnakulasuriya KAAS, Johnson NW, Harris M (2001) Copper stimulates human oral fibroblasts in vitro: a role in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 30:465–470PubMedCrossRef Trivedy CR, Meghji S, Warnakulasuriya KAAS, Johnson NW, Harris M (2001) Copper stimulates human oral fibroblasts in vitro: a role in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 30:465–470PubMedCrossRef
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Trivedy CR, Warnakulasuriya KA, Peters TJ, Senkus R, Hazarey VK, Johnson NW (2000) Raised tissue copper levels in oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 29:241–248PubMedCrossRef Trivedy CR, Warnakulasuriya KA, Peters TJ, Senkus R, Hazarey VK, Johnson NW (2000) Raised tissue copper levels in oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 29:241–248PubMedCrossRef
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Trivedy C, Baldwin D, Warnakulasuriya S, Johnson NW, Peters T (1997) Copper content in Areca catechu (betel nut) products and oral submucous fibrosis. Lancet 349:1447PubMedCrossRef Trivedy C, Baldwin D, Warnakulasuriya S, Johnson NW, Peters T (1997) Copper content in Areca catechu (betel nut) products and oral submucous fibrosis. Lancet 349:1447PubMedCrossRef
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Ma RH, Tsai CC, Shieh TY (1995) Increased lysyl oxidase activity in fibroblasts cultured from oral submucous fibrosis associated with betel nut chewing in Taiwan. J Oral Pathol Med 24:407–412PubMedCrossRef Ma RH, Tsai CC, Shieh TY (1995) Increased lysyl oxidase activity in fibroblasts cultured from oral submucous fibrosis associated with betel nut chewing in Taiwan. J Oral Pathol Med 24:407–412PubMedCrossRef
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Haue MF, Meghji S, Nazir R, Harris M (2001) Interferon gamma may reverse oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 30:12–21CrossRef Haue MF, Meghji S, Nazir R, Harris M (2001) Interferon gamma may reverse oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 30:12–21CrossRef
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Chiang CP, Hsieh RP, Chen TH (2002) High incidence of autoantibodies in Taiwanese patients with oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 31:402–409PubMedCrossRef Chiang CP, Hsieh RP, Chen TH (2002) High incidence of autoantibodies in Taiwanese patients with oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 31:402–409PubMedCrossRef
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Khanna SS, Karjodkar FR (2006) Circulating immune complexes and trace elements (copper, iron and selenium) as markers in oral precancer and cancer: a randomised, controlled clinical. Head Face Med 2:33PubMedCrossRef Khanna SS, Karjodkar FR (2006) Circulating immune complexes and trace elements (copper, iron and selenium) as markers in oral precancer and cancer: a randomised, controlled clinical. Head Face Med 2:33PubMedCrossRef
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Ghosh PK, Madhavi R, Guntur M, Ghosh R (1990) Sister chromatid exchanges in patients with oral submucous fibrosis. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 44:197–201PubMedCrossRef Ghosh PK, Madhavi R, Guntur M, Ghosh R (1990) Sister chromatid exchanges in patients with oral submucous fibrosis. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 44:197–201PubMedCrossRef
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Chiang CP, Wu HY, Lui BY, Wang JT, Kuo MYP (2002) Quantitative analysis of immunocompetent cells in oral submucous fibrosis in Taiwan. Oral Oncol 38:56–63PubMedCrossRef Chiang CP, Wu HY, Lui BY, Wang JT, Kuo MYP (2002) Quantitative analysis of immunocompetent cells in oral submucous fibrosis in Taiwan. Oral Oncol 38:56–63PubMedCrossRef
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Gupta DS, Gupta MK, Oswal RH (1985) Estimation of major immunoglobulin profile in oral submucous fibrosis by radial immunodiffusion. Int J Oral Surg 14:533–537PubMedCrossRef Gupta DS, Gupta MK, Oswal RH (1985) Estimation of major immunoglobulin profile in oral submucous fibrosis by radial immunodiffusion. Int J Oral Surg 14:533–537PubMedCrossRef
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Shah N, Kumar R, Shah MK (1994) Immunological studies in oral submucous fibrosis. Indian J Dent Res 5:81–87PubMed Shah N, Kumar R, Shah MK (1994) Immunological studies in oral submucous fibrosis. Indian J Dent Res 5:81–87PubMed
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Canniff JP, Batchelor JR, Dodi IA, Harvey W (1982) HLA typing in oral submucous fibrosis. Tissue Antigens 26:138–142CrossRef Canniff JP, Batchelor JR, Dodi IA, Harvey W (1982) HLA typing in oral submucous fibrosis. Tissue Antigens 26:138–142CrossRef
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Saeed B, Haue MF, Meghji S, Harris M (1997) HLA typing in oral submucous fibrosis. J Dent Res 76:1024 Saeed B, Haue MF, Meghji S, Harris M (1997) HLA typing in oral submucous fibrosis. J Dent Res 76:1024
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen HM, Hsieh RP, Yang H, Kuo YS, Kuao MYP, Chaing CP (2004) HLA antigens in oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 33:191–199PubMedCrossRef Chen HM, Hsieh RP, Yang H, Kuo YS, Kuao MYP, Chaing CP (2004) HLA antigens in oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 33:191–199PubMedCrossRef
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Van Wyk CW, Grobler Rabie AF, Martel RW, Hammond MG (1994) HLA antigens in oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 23:23–27PubMedCrossRef Van Wyk CW, Grobler Rabie AF, Martel RW, Hammond MG (1994) HLA antigens in oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 23:23–27PubMedCrossRef
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Khanna JN, Andrade NN (1995) Oral submucous fibrosis: a new concept in surgical management. Report of 100 cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 24:433–449PubMedCrossRef Khanna JN, Andrade NN (1995) Oral submucous fibrosis: a new concept in surgical management. Report of 100 cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 24:433–449PubMedCrossRef
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Katharia SK, Singh SP, Kulshrestha VK (1992) The effects of placental extract in management of oral submucous fibrosis. Ind J Pharmacology 24:181–183 Katharia SK, Singh SP, Kulshrestha VK (1992) The effects of placental extract in management of oral submucous fibrosis. Ind J Pharmacology 24:181–183
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Jiang X, Jing Hu (2009) Drug treatment of oral submucous fibrosis: a review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 67:1510–1515PubMedCrossRef Jiang X, Jing Hu (2009) Drug treatment of oral submucous fibrosis: a review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 67:1510–1515PubMedCrossRef
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Aziz RS (2008) Oral submucous fibrosis: case report and review of diagnosis and treatment. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 66:2386–2389PubMedCrossRef Aziz RS (2008) Oral submucous fibrosis: case report and review of diagnosis and treatment. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 66:2386–2389PubMedCrossRef
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Fedorowicz Z, Chan Shih YE, Naseer M, Newton T, Shi L (2009) Interventions for the management of oral submucous fibrosis: a review. Cochrane collaboration 2009 Fedorowicz Z, Chan Shih YE, Naseer M, Newton T, Shi L (2009) Interventions for the management of oral submucous fibrosis: a review. Cochrane collaboration 2009
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Tai YS, Liu BY, Wang JT, Sun A, Kwan HW, Chaing CP (2001) Oral administration of milk from cows immunized with human intestinal bacteria leads to significant improvements of symptoms and signs in patients with oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 30:618–625PubMedCrossRef Tai YS, Liu BY, Wang JT, Sun A, Kwan HW, Chaing CP (2001) Oral administration of milk from cows immunized with human intestinal bacteria leads to significant improvements of symptoms and signs in patients with oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 30:618–625PubMedCrossRef
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Jirge V, Ali SM, Anshumalee N (2009) Levamisole and antioxidants in management of oral submucous fibrosis: a comparative study. J Ind Acad Oral Med Radiol 20:135–139CrossRef Jirge V, Ali SM, Anshumalee N (2009) Levamisole and antioxidants in management of oral submucous fibrosis: a comparative study. J Ind Acad Oral Med Radiol 20:135–139CrossRef
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Rajendran R, Rani V, Shaikh S (2006) Pentoxyfylline therapy: a new adjunct in treatment of oral submucoau fibrosis. Indian J Dent Res 17:190–198PubMedCrossRef Rajendran R, Rani V, Shaikh S (2006) Pentoxyfylline therapy: a new adjunct in treatment of oral submucoau fibrosis. Indian J Dent Res 17:190–198PubMedCrossRef
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Lai DR, Chen HR, Lin LM (1995) Clinical evaluation of different treatament methods for oral submucous fibrosis: a 10-year experience with 150 cases. J Oral Pathol Med 24:402–407PubMedCrossRef Lai DR, Chen HR, Lin LM (1995) Clinical evaluation of different treatament methods for oral submucous fibrosis: a 10-year experience with 150 cases. J Oral Pathol Med 24:402–407PubMedCrossRef
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Sharma JK, Gupta AK, Mukhija RD (1987) Clinical experience with use of peripheral vasodilator in oral disorders. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 16:695PubMedCrossRef Sharma JK, Gupta AK, Mukhija RD (1987) Clinical experience with use of peripheral vasodilator in oral disorders. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 16:695PubMedCrossRef
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Li XM, Tang J (1998) Clinical treatment obserevation of tea pigment for oral submucous fibrosis. Hua Xi Kou iang YI Xue Za Zhi 16:50–55 Li XM, Tang J (1998) Clinical treatment obserevation of tea pigment for oral submucous fibrosis. Hua Xi Kou iang YI Xue Za Zhi 16:50–55
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Gupta S, Reddy MVR, Harinath BC (2004) Role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in aetiopathogeneisi and management of oral submucous fibrosis. Indian J Clin Biochem 19:138–139CrossRef Gupta S, Reddy MVR, Harinath BC (2004) Role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in aetiopathogeneisi and management of oral submucous fibrosis. Indian J Clin Biochem 19:138–139CrossRef
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Singh M, Krishnappa R, Bagewadi A (2004) efficacy of oral lycopene in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Oncol 40:591PubMedCrossRef Singh M, Krishnappa R, Bagewadi A (2004) efficacy of oral lycopene in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Oncol 40:591PubMedCrossRef
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Kumar A, Bagewadi A, Keluskar V, Singh M (2007) Efficacy of lycopene in the management of oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 103:207–213PubMedCrossRef Kumar A, Bagewadi A, Keluskar V, Singh M (2007) Efficacy of lycopene in the management of oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 103:207–213PubMedCrossRef
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin HJ, Lin JC (2007) Treatment of oral submucous fibrous by collagenases: effects on oral opening and eating functions. Oral Dis 13:407–413PubMedCrossRef Lin HJ, Lin JC (2007) Treatment of oral submucous fibrous by collagenases: effects on oral opening and eating functions. Oral Dis 13:407–413PubMedCrossRef
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Dai JP, Chen J, Bei YF, Han BX, Wang S (2009) Influence of borneol on primary mice oral fibroblasts: a penetration-enhancer may be used in oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 38:276–281PubMedCrossRef Dai JP, Chen J, Bei YF, Han BX, Wang S (2009) Influence of borneol on primary mice oral fibroblasts: a penetration-enhancer may be used in oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 38:276–281PubMedCrossRef
107.
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Haung IY, Wu C, Shen Y, Yang C, Shieh T, Hsu H (2008) Importance of patient’s cooperation in surgical treatment for oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 66:699–703CrossRef Haung IY, Wu C, Shen Y, Yang C, Shieh T, Hsu H (2008) Importance of patient’s cooperation in surgical treatment for oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 66:699–703CrossRef
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Kavarana NM, Bhatena H (1987) Surgery for severe trismus in submucous fibrosis. Br J Plast Surg 40:407–409PubMedCrossRef Kavarana NM, Bhatena H (1987) Surgery for severe trismus in submucous fibrosis. Br J Plast Surg 40:407–409PubMedCrossRef
110.
Zurück zum Zitat Mehrotra D, Pradhan R, Gupta S (2009) Retrospective comparison of surgical treatment modalities in 100 patients with oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 107:e1–e10PubMedCrossRef Mehrotra D, Pradhan R, Gupta S (2009) Retrospective comparison of surgical treatment modalities in 100 patients with oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 107:e1–e10PubMedCrossRef
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen CM, Yang CF, Shen YS, Huang IY, Wu CF (2008) The use of artificial dermis for surgical defects in the treatment of oral premalignant lesions. J Surg Oncol 97:291–293PubMedCrossRef Chen CM, Yang CF, Shen YS, Huang IY, Wu CF (2008) The use of artificial dermis for surgical defects in the treatment of oral premalignant lesions. J Surg Oncol 97:291–293PubMedCrossRef
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Chao CK, Chang LC, Liu SY, Wang JJ (2002) Histologic examination of pedicled buccal fat pad graft in oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 60:1131–1134PubMedCrossRef Chao CK, Chang LC, Liu SY, Wang JJ (2002) Histologic examination of pedicled buccal fat pad graft in oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 60:1131–1134PubMedCrossRef
113.
Zurück zum Zitat Lai DR, Chen HR, Huang YL, Tsai CC (1995) Clinical evaluation of different treatment methods for oral submucous fibrosis. A 10-year experience with 150 cases. J Oral Pathol Med 24:402–406PubMedCrossRef Lai DR, Chen HR, Huang YL, Tsai CC (1995) Clinical evaluation of different treatment methods for oral submucous fibrosis. A 10-year experience with 150 cases. J Oral Pathol Med 24:402–406PubMedCrossRef
114.
Zurück zum Zitat Mokal NJ, Raje RS, Ranade SV, Rajendra Prasad JS, Thatte RL (2005) Release of oral submucous fibrosis and reconstruction using superficial temporal fascia flap and split skin graft—a new technique. Br J Plast Surg 58:1055–1060PubMedCrossRef Mokal NJ, Raje RS, Ranade SV, Rajendra Prasad JS, Thatte RL (2005) Release of oral submucous fibrosis and reconstruction using superficial temporal fascia flap and split skin graft—a new technique. Br J Plast Surg 58:1055–1060PubMedCrossRef
115.
Zurück zum Zitat Borle RM, Nimonkar PV, Rajan R (2009) Extended nasolabial flaps in the management of oral submucous fibrosis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 47:382–385PubMedCrossRef Borle RM, Nimonkar PV, Rajan R (2009) Extended nasolabial flaps in the management of oral submucous fibrosis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 47:382–385PubMedCrossRef
116.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsao CK, Wei FC, Chang YM, Cheng MH, Chaug DC, Kao HK (2009) Reconstruction of the buccal mucosa following release for submucous fibrosis using two radial forearm flaps from asingle donor site. J Plast Recon Aesth Surg (in press) Tsao CK, Wei FC, Chang YM, Cheng MH, Chaug DC, Kao HK (2009) Reconstruction of the buccal mucosa following release for submucous fibrosis using two radial forearm flaps from asingle donor site. J Plast Recon Aesth Surg (in press)
117.
Zurück zum Zitat Omura S, Mizuki N, Horimoto R, Kawabe R, Fujita K (1997) A newly developed collage/silicone bilayer membrane as a mucosal substitute: a preliminary report. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 35:85–91PubMedCrossRef Omura S, Mizuki N, Horimoto R, Kawabe R, Fujita K (1997) A newly developed collage/silicone bilayer membrane as a mucosal substitute: a preliminary report. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 35:85–91PubMedCrossRef
118.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang JJ, Wallace C, Lin JY, Tsao CK, Kao HK, Huang WC (2009) Two small flaps from one anterolateral thigh donor site for bilateral buccal mucosa reconstruction after release of submucous fibrosis and/or contracture. J Plast Recon Aesth Surg. (in press) Huang JJ, Wallace C, Lin JY, Tsao CK, Kao HK, Huang WC (2009) Two small flaps from one anterolateral thigh donor site for bilateral buccal mucosa reconstruction after release of submucous fibrosis and/or contracture. J Plast Recon Aesth Surg. (in press)
119.
Zurück zum Zitat Le PV, Gornitsky M (1996) Oral stent as treatment adjunct for oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 81:148–150PubMedCrossRef Le PV, Gornitsky M (1996) Oral stent as treatment adjunct for oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 81:148–150PubMedCrossRef
120.
Zurück zum Zitat Cox S, Zoellner H (2009) Physiotherapeutic treatment improves oral opening in oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 38:220–226PubMedCrossRef Cox S, Zoellner H (2009) Physiotherapeutic treatment improves oral opening in oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 38:220–226PubMedCrossRef
121.
Zurück zum Zitat Patil PG, Parkhedkar RD (2009) New graft stabilizing clip as a treatment adjunct for oral submucous fibrosis. J Prosth Dent 102:191–192CrossRef Patil PG, Parkhedkar RD (2009) New graft stabilizing clip as a treatment adjunct for oral submucous fibrosis. J Prosth Dent 102:191–192CrossRef
122.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang IY, Wu CF, Shen YS, Yang CF, Shieh TY, Hsu HJ et al (2008) Importance of patient’s cooperation in surgical treatment of oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 66:699–703PubMedCrossRef Huang IY, Wu CF, Shen YS, Yang CF, Shieh TY, Hsu HJ et al (2008) Importance of patient’s cooperation in surgical treatment of oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 66:699–703PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Management of oral submucous fibrosis: an overview
verfasst von
Punnya V. Angadi
Sanjay Rao
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2010
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery / Ausgabe 3/2010
Print ISSN: 1865-1550
Elektronische ISSN: 1865-1569
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10006-010-0209-x

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2010

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 3/2010 Zur Ausgabe

Vorsicht, erhöhte Blutungsgefahr nach PCI!

10.05.2024 Koronare Herzerkrankung Nachrichten

Nach PCI besteht ein erhöhtes Blutungsrisiko, wenn die Behandelten eine verminderte linksventrikuläre Ejektionsfraktion aufweisen. Das Risiko ist umso höher, je stärker die Pumpfunktion eingeschränkt ist.

Darf man die Behandlung eines Neonazis ablehnen?

08.05.2024 Gesellschaft Nachrichten

In einer Leseranfrage in der Zeitschrift Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology möchte ein anonymer Dermatologe bzw. eine anonyme Dermatologin wissen, ob er oder sie einen Patienten behandeln muss, der eine rassistische Tätowierung trägt.

Deutlich weniger Infektionen: Wundprotektoren schützen!

08.05.2024 Postoperative Wundinfektion Nachrichten

Der Einsatz von Wundprotektoren bei offenen Eingriffen am unteren Gastrointestinaltrakt schützt vor Infektionen im Op.-Gebiet – und dient darüber hinaus der besseren Sicht. Das bestätigt mit großer Robustheit eine randomisierte Studie im Fachblatt JAMA Surgery.

Chirurginnen und Chirurgen sind stark suizidgefährdet

07.05.2024 Suizid Nachrichten

Der belastende Arbeitsalltag wirkt sich negativ auf die psychische Gesundheit der Angehörigen ärztlicher Berufsgruppen aus. Chirurginnen und Chirurgen bilden da keine Ausnahme, im Gegenteil.

Update Chirurgie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

S3-Leitlinie „Diagnostik und Therapie des Karpaltunnelsyndroms“

Karpaltunnelsyndrom BDC Leitlinien Webinare
CME: 2 Punkte

Das Karpaltunnelsyndrom ist die häufigste Kompressionsneuropathie peripherer Nerven. Obwohl die Anamnese mit dem nächtlichen Einschlafen der Hand (Brachialgia parästhetica nocturna) sehr typisch ist, ist eine klinisch-neurologische Untersuchung und Elektroneurografie in manchen Fällen auch eine Neurosonografie erforderlich. Im Anfangsstadium sind konservative Maßnahmen (Handgelenksschiene, Ergotherapie) empfehlenswert. Bei nicht Ansprechen der konservativen Therapie oder Auftreten von neurologischen Ausfällen ist eine Dekompression des N. medianus am Karpaltunnel indiziert.

Prof. Dr. med. Gregor Antoniadis
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.

S2e-Leitlinie „Distale Radiusfraktur“

Radiusfraktur BDC Leitlinien Webinare
CME: 2 Punkte

Das Webinar beschäftigt sich mit Fragen und Antworten zu Diagnostik und Klassifikation sowie Möglichkeiten des Ausschlusses von Zusatzverletzungen. Die Referenten erläutern, welche Frakturen konservativ behandelt werden können und wie. Das Webinar beantwortet die Frage nach aktuellen operativen Therapiekonzepten: Welcher Zugang, welches Osteosynthesematerial? Auf was muss bei der Nachbehandlung der distalen Radiusfraktur geachtet werden?

PD Dr. med. Oliver Pieske
Dr. med. Benjamin Meyknecht
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.

S1-Leitlinie „Empfehlungen zur Therapie der akuten Appendizitis bei Erwachsenen“

Appendizitis BDC Leitlinien Webinare
CME: 2 Punkte

Inhalte des Webinars zur S1-Leitlinie „Empfehlungen zur Therapie der akuten Appendizitis bei Erwachsenen“ sind die Darstellung des Projektes und des Erstellungswegs zur S1-Leitlinie, die Erläuterung der klinischen Relevanz der Klassifikation EAES 2015, die wissenschaftliche Begründung der wichtigsten Empfehlungen und die Darstellung stadiengerechter Therapieoptionen.

Dr. med. Mihailo Andric
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.