Skip to main content
Erschienen in: AIDS and Behavior 6/2021

01.01.2021 | Original Paper

TransPrEP: Results from the Pilot Study of a Social Network-Based Intervention to Support PrEP Adherence Among Transgender Women in Lima, Peru

verfasst von: Jesse Clark, Sari Reisner, Amaya Perez-Brumer, Leyla Huerta, Hugo Sanchez, Kathleen Moriarty, Maria Mamani Luque, Hideaki Okochi, Ximena Salazar, Matthew Mimiaga, Jorge Sanchez, Monica Gandhi, Kenneth H. Mayer, Javier R. Lama

Erschienen in: AIDS and Behavior | Ausgabe 6/2021

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial of a social network-based intervention to promote PrEP adherence among transgender women (TW) in Lima, Peru. We enrolled 89 TW from six social networks and cluster-randomized them 1:1 to standard of care (n = 44) or the TransPrEP intervention (n = 45). Core workshops discussed strategies to support PrEP adherence and defined group adherence objectives. Maintenance workshops discussed participants’ experiences taking PrEP and collective adherence goals. At 3-month follow-up, we evaluated 40 participants and obtained 29 hair samples for tenofovir level measurements. Though no significant differences were observed, 36.4% (4/11) of participants of TransPrEP participants and 10.0% (1/10) of control participants had tenofovir levels > 0.023 ng/mg, consistent with ≥ 4 doses per week. 81.8% (9/11) of intervention and 40.0% (4/10) of control participants had any detectable tenofovir in their hair. Pilot assessment of our network-based intervention suggested a trend towards improved PrEP adherence, measured objectively, for TW in Peru.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Poteat T, Scheim A, Xavier J, Reisner S, Baral S. Global epidemiology of HIV infection and related syndemics affecting transgender people. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016;72(Suppl 3):S210–9.PubMedPubMedCentral Poteat T, Scheim A, Xavier J, Reisner S, Baral S. Global epidemiology of HIV infection and related syndemics affecting transgender people. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016;72(Suppl 3):S210–9.PubMedPubMedCentral
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Vaitses Fontanari AM, Zanella GI, Feijo M, Churchill S, Rodrigues Lobato MI, Costa AB. HIV-related care for transgender people: a systematic review of studies from around the world. Soc Sci Med. 2019;230:280–94.PubMed Vaitses Fontanari AM, Zanella GI, Feijo M, Churchill S, Rodrigues Lobato MI, Costa AB. HIV-related care for transgender people: a systematic review of studies from around the world. Soc Sci Med. 2019;230:280–94.PubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Baral SD, Poteat T, Stromdahl S, Wirtz AL, Guadamuz TE, Beyrer C. Worldwide burden of HIV in transgender women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013;13(3):214–22.PubMed Baral SD, Poteat T, Stromdahl S, Wirtz AL, Guadamuz TE, Beyrer C. Worldwide burden of HIV in transgender women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013;13(3):214–22.PubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Reisner SL, Poteat T, Keatley J, et al. Global health burden and needs of transgender populations: a review. Lancet. 2016;388(10042):412–36.PubMedPubMedCentral Reisner SL, Poteat T, Keatley J, et al. Global health burden and needs of transgender populations: a review. Lancet. 2016;388(10042):412–36.PubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Luz PM, Veloso VG, Grinsztejn B. The HIV epidemic in Latin America: accomplishments and challenges on treatment and prevention. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2019;14(5):366–73.PubMedPubMedCentral Luz PM, Veloso VG, Grinsztejn B. The HIV epidemic in Latin America: accomplishments and challenges on treatment and prevention. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2019;14(5):366–73.PubMedPubMedCentral
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Barrington C, Wejnert C, Guardado ME, Nieto AI, Bailey GP. Social network characteristics and HIV vulnerability among transgender persons in San Salvador: identifying opportunities for HIV prevention strategies. AIDS Behav. 2012;16(1):214–24.PubMed Barrington C, Wejnert C, Guardado ME, Nieto AI, Bailey GP. Social network characteristics and HIV vulnerability among transgender persons in San Salvador: identifying opportunities for HIV prevention strategies. AIDS Behav. 2012;16(1):214–24.PubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Bastos FI, Bastos LS, Coutinho C, et al. HIV, HCV, HBV, and syphilis among transgender women from Brazil: assessing different methods to adjust infection rates of a hard-to-reach, sparse population. Medicine. 2018;97:S16–24.PubMedPubMedCentral Bastos FI, Bastos LS, Coutinho C, et al. HIV, HCV, HBV, and syphilis among transgender women from Brazil: assessing different methods to adjust infection rates of a hard-to-reach, sparse population. Medicine. 2018;97:S16–24.PubMedPubMedCentral
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Bautista CT, Sanchez JL, Montano SM, et al. Seroprevalence of and risk factors for HIV-1 infection among South American men who have sex with men. Sex Transm Infect. 2004;80(6):498–504.PubMedPubMedCentral Bautista CT, Sanchez JL, Montano SM, et al. Seroprevalence of and risk factors for HIV-1 infection among South American men who have sex with men. Sex Transm Infect. 2004;80(6):498–504.PubMedPubMedCentral
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Grinsztejn B, Jalil EM, Monteiro L, et al. Unveiling of HIV dynamics among transgender women: a respondent-driven sampling study in Rio de Janeiro. Brazil Lancet HIV. 2017;4(4):e169–76.PubMed Grinsztejn B, Jalil EM, Monteiro L, et al. Unveiling of HIV dynamics among transgender women: a respondent-driven sampling study in Rio de Janeiro. Brazil Lancet HIV. 2017;4(4):e169–76.PubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Silva-Santisteban A, Eng S, de la Iglesia G, Falistocco C, Mazin R. HIV prevention among transgender women in Latin America: implementation, gaps and challenges. J Int AIDS Soc. 2016;19(3 Suppl 2):20799.PubMedPubMedCentral Silva-Santisteban A, Eng S, de la Iglesia G, Falistocco C, Mazin R. HIV prevention among transgender women in Latin America: implementation, gaps and challenges. J Int AIDS Soc. 2016;19(3 Suppl 2):20799.PubMedPubMedCentral
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Clark JL, Konda KA, Silva-Santisteban A, et al. Sampling methodologies for epidemiologic surveillance of men who have sex with men and transgender women in Latin America: an empiric comparison of convenience sampling, time space sampling, and respondent driven sampling. AIDS Behav. 2014;18(12):2338–48.PubMedPubMedCentral Clark JL, Konda KA, Silva-Santisteban A, et al. Sampling methodologies for epidemiologic surveillance of men who have sex with men and transgender women in Latin America: an empiric comparison of convenience sampling, time space sampling, and respondent driven sampling. AIDS Behav. 2014;18(12):2338–48.PubMedPubMedCentral
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Sanchez J, Lama JR, Kusunoki L, et al. HIV-1, sexually transmitted infections, and sexual behavior trends among men who have sex with men in Lima, Peru. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;44(5):578–85.PubMed Sanchez J, Lama JR, Kusunoki L, et al. HIV-1, sexually transmitted infections, and sexual behavior trends among men who have sex with men in Lima, Peru. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;44(5):578–85.PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Silva-Santisteban A, Raymond HF, Salazar X, et al. Understanding the HIV/AIDS epidemic in transgender women of Lima, Peru: results from a sero-epidemiologic study using respondent driven sampling. AIDS Behav. 2012;16(4):872–81.PubMed Silva-Santisteban A, Raymond HF, Salazar X, et al. Understanding the HIV/AIDS epidemic in transgender women of Lima, Peru: results from a sero-epidemiologic study using respondent driven sampling. AIDS Behav. 2012;16(4):872–81.PubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Tabet S, Sanchez J, Lama J, et al. HIV, syphilis and heterosexual bridging among Peruvian men who have sex with men. AIDS. 2002;16(9):1271–7.PubMed Tabet S, Sanchez J, Lama J, et al. HIV, syphilis and heterosexual bridging among Peruvian men who have sex with men. AIDS. 2002;16(9):1271–7.PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Castillo R, Konda KA, Leon SR, et al. HIV and sexually transmitted infection incidence and associated risk factors among high-risk MSM and male-to-female transgender women in Lima, Peru. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015;69(5):567–75.PubMedPubMedCentral Castillo R, Konda KA, Leon SR, et al. HIV and sexually transmitted infection incidence and associated risk factors among high-risk MSM and male-to-female transgender women in Lima, Peru. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015;69(5):567–75.PubMedPubMedCentral
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Brennan J, Kuhns LM, Johnson AK, et al. Syndemic theory and HIV-related risk among young transgender women: the role of multiple, co-occurring health problems and social marginalization. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(9):1751–7.PubMedPubMedCentral Brennan J, Kuhns LM, Johnson AK, et al. Syndemic theory and HIV-related risk among young transgender women: the role of multiple, co-occurring health problems and social marginalization. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(9):1751–7.PubMedPubMedCentral
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Clark J, Salvatierra J, Segura E, et al. Moderno love: sexual role-based identities and HIV/STI prevention among men who have sex with men in Lima, Peru. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(4):1313–28.PubMedPubMedCentral Clark J, Salvatierra J, Segura E, et al. Moderno love: sexual role-based identities and HIV/STI prevention among men who have sex with men in Lima, Peru. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(4):1313–28.PubMedPubMedCentral
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Lake JE, Clark JL. Optimizing HIV prevention and care for transgender adults. AIDS. 2019;33(3):363–75.PubMed Lake JE, Clark JL. Optimizing HIV prevention and care for transgender adults. AIDS. 2019;33(3):363–75.PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Operario D, Nemoto T. HIV in transgender communities: syndemic dynamics and a need for multicomponent interventions. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;55(Suppl 2):S91–3.PubMedPubMedCentral Operario D, Nemoto T. HIV in transgender communities: syndemic dynamics and a need for multicomponent interventions. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;55(Suppl 2):S91–3.PubMedPubMedCentral
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Operario D, Soma T, Underhill K. Sex work and HIV status among transgender women: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008;48(1):97–103.PubMed Operario D, Soma T, Underhill K. Sex work and HIV status among transgender women: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008;48(1):97–103.PubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Satcher MF, Segura ER, Silva-Santisteban A, Sanchez J, Lama JR, Clark JL. Partner-level factors associated with insertive and receptive condomless anal intercourse among transgender women in Lima, Peru. AIDS Behav. 2017;21(8):2439–51.PubMedPubMedCentral Satcher MF, Segura ER, Silva-Santisteban A, Sanchez J, Lama JR, Clark JL. Partner-level factors associated with insertive and receptive condomless anal intercourse among transgender women in Lima, Peru. AIDS Behav. 2017;21(8):2439–51.PubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Grant RM, Lama JR, Anderson PL, et al. Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(27):2587–99.PubMedPubMedCentral Grant RM, Lama JR, Anderson PL, et al. Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(27):2587–99.PubMedPubMedCentral
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Deutsch MB, Glidden DV, Sevelius J, et al. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in transgender women: a subgroup analysis of the iPrEx trial. Lancet HIV. 2015;2(12):e512–9.PubMedPubMedCentral Deutsch MB, Glidden DV, Sevelius J, et al. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in transgender women: a subgroup analysis of the iPrEx trial. Lancet HIV. 2015;2(12):e512–9.PubMedPubMedCentral
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Grant RM, Sevelius JM, Guanira JV, Aguilar JV, Chariyalertsak S, Deutsch MB. Transgender women in clinical trials of pre-exposure prophylaxis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016;72(Suppl 3):S226–9.PubMedPubMedCentral Grant RM, Sevelius JM, Guanira JV, Aguilar JV, Chariyalertsak S, Deutsch MB. Transgender women in clinical trials of pre-exposure prophylaxis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016;72(Suppl 3):S226–9.PubMedPubMedCentral
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Mayer KH, Grinsztejn B, El-Sadr WM. Transgender people and hiv prevention: what we know and what we need to know, a call to action. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016;72(Suppl 3):S207–9.PubMedPubMedCentral Mayer KH, Grinsztejn B, El-Sadr WM. Transgender people and hiv prevention: what we know and what we need to know, a call to action. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016;72(Suppl 3):S207–9.PubMedPubMedCentral
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Grinsztejn B, Hoagland B, Moreira RI, et al. Retention, engagement, and adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis for men who have sex with men and transgender women in PrEP Brasil: 48 week results of a demonstration study. Lancet HIV. 2018;5(3):e136–45.PubMed Grinsztejn B, Hoagland B, Moreira RI, et al. Retention, engagement, and adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis for men who have sex with men and transgender women in PrEP Brasil: 48 week results of a demonstration study. Lancet HIV. 2018;5(3):e136–45.PubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoagland B, Moreira RI, De Boni RB, et al. High pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake and early adherence among men who have sex with men and transgender women at risk for HIV Infection: the PrEP Brasil demonstration project. J Int AIDS Soc. 2017;20(1):21472.PubMedPubMedCentral Hoagland B, Moreira RI, De Boni RB, et al. High pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake and early adherence among men who have sex with men and transgender women at risk for HIV Infection: the PrEP Brasil demonstration project. J Int AIDS Soc. 2017;20(1):21472.PubMedPubMedCentral
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Cottrell ML, Prince HMA, Schauer AP, et al. Decreased tenofovir diphosphate concentrations in a transgender female cohort: implications for human immunodeficiency virus preexposure prophylaxis. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;69(12):2201–4.PubMedPubMedCentral Cottrell ML, Prince HMA, Schauer AP, et al. Decreased tenofovir diphosphate concentrations in a transgender female cohort: implications for human immunodeficiency virus preexposure prophylaxis. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;69(12):2201–4.PubMedPubMedCentral
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Hiransuthikul A, Janamnuaysook R, Himmad K, et al. Drug-drug interactions between feminizing hormone therapy and pre-exposure prophylaxis among transgender women: the iFACT study. J Int AIDS Soc. 2019;22(7):e25338.PubMedPubMedCentral Hiransuthikul A, Janamnuaysook R, Himmad K, et al. Drug-drug interactions between feminizing hormone therapy and pre-exposure prophylaxis among transgender women: the iFACT study. J Int AIDS Soc. 2019;22(7):e25338.PubMedPubMedCentral
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Shieh E, Marzinke MA, Fuchs EJ, et al. Transgender women on oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis have significantly lower tenofovir and emtricitabine concentrations when also taking oestrogen when compared to cisgender men. J Int AIDS Soc. 2019;22(11):e25405.PubMedPubMedCentral Shieh E, Marzinke MA, Fuchs EJ, et al. Transgender women on oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis have significantly lower tenofovir and emtricitabine concentrations when also taking oestrogen when compared to cisgender men. J Int AIDS Soc. 2019;22(11):e25405.PubMedPubMedCentral
31.
Zurück zum Zitat D’Avanzo PA, Bass SB, Brajuha J, et al. Medical mistrust and PrEP perceptions among transgender women: a cluster analysis. Behav Med. 2019;45(2):143–52.PubMed D’Avanzo PA, Bass SB, Brajuha J, et al. Medical mistrust and PrEP perceptions among transgender women: a cluster analysis. Behav Med. 2019;45(2):143–52.PubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Deutsch MB. Pre-exposure prophylaxis in trans populations: providing gender-affirming prevention for trans people at high risk of acquiring HIV. LGBT Health. 2018;5(7):387–90.PubMed Deutsch MB. Pre-exposure prophylaxis in trans populations: providing gender-affirming prevention for trans people at high risk of acquiring HIV. LGBT Health. 2018;5(7):387–90.PubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Longino A, Montano MA, Sanchez H, et al. Increasing PrEP uptake and adherence among MSM and TW sex workers in Lima, Peru: what and whom do different patients trust? AIDS Care. 2020;32(2):255–60.PubMed Longino A, Montano MA, Sanchez H, et al. Increasing PrEP uptake and adherence among MSM and TW sex workers in Lima, Peru: what and whom do different patients trust? AIDS Care. 2020;32(2):255–60.PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Perez-Brumer A, Silva-Santisteban A, McLean S, et al. “Como conejillo de indias”: critical role of medical and research mistrust in acceptability of PrEP among transgender women in Lima, Peru. Durban: International AIDS Society; 2016. Perez-Brumer A, Silva-Santisteban A, McLean S, et al. “Como conejillo de indias”: critical role of medical and research mistrust in acceptability of PrEP among transgender women in Lima, Peru. Durban: International AIDS Society; 2016.
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Sevelius JM, Keatley J, Calma N, Arnold E. “I am not a man”: trans-specific barriers and facilitators to PrEP acceptability among transgender women. Glob Public Health. 2016;11(7–8):1060–75.PubMed Sevelius JM, Keatley J, Calma N, Arnold E. “I am not a man”: trans-specific barriers and facilitators to PrEP acceptability among transgender women. Glob Public Health. 2016;11(7–8):1060–75.PubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Soares F, MacCarthy S, Magno L, et al. Factors associated with PrEP refusal among transgender women in Northeastern Brazil. AIDS Behav. 2019;23(10):2710–8.PubMed Soares F, MacCarthy S, Magno L, et al. Factors associated with PrEP refusal among transgender women in Northeastern Brazil. AIDS Behav. 2019;23(10):2710–8.PubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Clark JL, Perez-Brumer AG, Reisner SL, et al. Social network organization, structure, and patterns of influence within a community of transgender women in Lima, Peru: implications for biomedical HIV prevention. AIDS Behav. 2020;24(1):233–45.PubMedPubMedCentral Clark JL, Perez-Brumer AG, Reisner SL, et al. Social network organization, structure, and patterns of influence within a community of transgender women in Lima, Peru: implications for biomedical HIV prevention. AIDS Behav. 2020;24(1):233–45.PubMedPubMedCentral
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Maiorana A, Kegeles S, Salazar X, Konda K, Silva-Santisteban A, Caceres C. “Proyecto Orgullo”, an HIV prevention, empowerment and community mobilisation intervention for gay men and transgender women in Callao/Lima. Peru Glob Public Health. 2016;11(7–8):1076–92.PubMed Maiorana A, Kegeles S, Salazar X, Konda K, Silva-Santisteban A, Caceres C. “Proyecto Orgullo”, an HIV prevention, empowerment and community mobilisation intervention for gay men and transgender women in Callao/Lima. Peru Glob Public Health. 2016;11(7–8):1076–92.PubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Moriarty KE, Segura ER, Gonzales W, Lake JE, Cabello R, Clark JL. Assessing sexually transmitted infections and HIV risk among transgender women in Lima, Peru: beyond behavior. LGBT Health. 2019;6(7):370–6.PubMedPubMedCentral Moriarty KE, Segura ER, Gonzales W, Lake JE, Cabello R, Clark JL. Assessing sexually transmitted infections and HIV risk among transgender women in Lima, Peru: beyond behavior. LGBT Health. 2019;6(7):370–6.PubMedPubMedCentral
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Pollock L, Silva-Santisteban A, Sevelius J, Salazar X. “You should build yourself up as a whole product”: transgender female identity in Lima. Peru Glob Public Health. 2016;11(7–8):981–93.PubMed Pollock L, Silva-Santisteban A, Sevelius J, Salazar X. “You should build yourself up as a whole product”: transgender female identity in Lima. Peru Glob Public Health. 2016;11(7–8):981–93.PubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Perez-Brumer AG, Reisner SL, McLean SA, et al. Leveraging social capital: multilevel stigma, associated HIV vulnerabilities, and social resilience strategies among transgender women in Lima, Peru. J Int AIDS Soc. 2017;20(1):21462.PubMedPubMedCentral Perez-Brumer AG, Reisner SL, McLean SA, et al. Leveraging social capital: multilevel stigma, associated HIV vulnerabilities, and social resilience strategies among transgender women in Lima, Peru. J Int AIDS Soc. 2017;20(1):21462.PubMedPubMedCentral
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Reisner SL, Perez-Brumer AG, McLean SA, et al. Perceived barriers and facilitators to integrating HIV prevention and treatment with cross-sex hormone therapy for transgender women in Lima, Peru. AIDS Behav. 2017;21(12):3299–311.PubMedPubMedCentral Reisner SL, Perez-Brumer AG, McLean SA, et al. Perceived barriers and facilitators to integrating HIV prevention and treatment with cross-sex hormone therapy for transgender women in Lima, Peru. AIDS Behav. 2017;21(12):3299–311.PubMedPubMedCentral
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Silva-Santisteban A, Salazar X, Pollock L, Villayzan J, Caceres CF. When identity claims: risky processes of body modification among the male to female transgender population of Lima, Peru. XVIII International AIDS Conference. Vienna, 2010 [abstract MOAD0306]. Silva-Santisteban A, Salazar X, Pollock L, Villayzan J, Caceres CF. When identity claims: risky processes of body modification among the male to female transgender population of Lima, Peru. XVIII International AIDS Conference. Vienna, 2010 [abstract MOAD0306].
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Amico KR, Toro-Alfonso J, Fisher JD. An empirical test of the information, motivation and behavioral skills model of antiretroviral therapy adherence. AIDS Care. 2005;17(6):661–73.PubMed Amico KR, Toro-Alfonso J, Fisher JD. An empirical test of the information, motivation and behavioral skills model of antiretroviral therapy adherence. AIDS Care. 2005;17(6):661–73.PubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Centola D. Complex contagions and the weakness of long ties. Am J Soc. 2007;3:702–34. Centola D. Complex contagions and the weakness of long ties. Am J Soc. 2007;3:702–34.
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Fisher JD, Fisher WA, Amico KR, Harman JJ. An information-motivation-behavioral skills model of adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Health Psychol. 2006;25(4):462–73.PubMed Fisher JD, Fisher WA, Amico KR, Harman JJ. An information-motivation-behavioral skills model of adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Health Psychol. 2006;25(4):462–73.PubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Granovetter MS. The strength of weak ties. Am J Soc. 1973;78(6):1360–80. Granovetter MS. The strength of weak ties. Am J Soc. 1973;78(6):1360–80.
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Granovetter MS. The strength of weak ties: a network theory revisited. Soc Theory. 1983;1:201–33. Granovetter MS. The strength of weak ties: a network theory revisited. Soc Theory. 1983;1:201–33.
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Rogers EM. Diffusion of innovations. 5th ed. New York, NY: Free Press; 2003. Rogers EM. Diffusion of innovations. 5th ed. New York, NY: Free Press; 2003.
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Safren SA, Otto MW, Wortg JL. Life-steps: applying cognitive behavioral therapy to HIV medication adherence. Cognit Behav Pract. 1999;6:332–41. Safren SA, Otto MW, Wortg JL. Life-steps: applying cognitive behavioral therapy to HIV medication adherence. Cognit Behav Pract. 1999;6:332–41.
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Baxi SM, Liu A, Bacchetti P, et al. Comparing the novel method of assessing PrEP adherence/exposure using hair samples to other pharmacologic and traditional measures. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015;68(1):13–20.PubMed Baxi SM, Liu A, Bacchetti P, et al. Comparing the novel method of assessing PrEP adherence/exposure using hair samples to other pharmacologic and traditional measures. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015;68(1):13–20.PubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu AY, Yang Q, Huang Y, et al. Strong relationship between oral dose and tenofovir hair levels in a randomized trial: hair as a potential adherence measure for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). PLoS ONE. 2014;9(1):e83736.PubMedPubMedCentral Liu AY, Yang Q, Huang Y, et al. Strong relationship between oral dose and tenofovir hair levels in a randomized trial: hair as a potential adherence measure for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). PLoS ONE. 2014;9(1):e83736.PubMedPubMedCentral
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Sevelius JM, Deutsch MB, Grant R. The future of PrEP among transgender women: the critical role of gender affirmation in research and clinical practices. J Int AIDS Soc. 2016;19(7):21105.PubMedPubMedCentral Sevelius JM, Deutsch MB, Grant R. The future of PrEP among transgender women: the critical role of gender affirmation in research and clinical practices. J Int AIDS Soc. 2016;19(7):21105.PubMedPubMedCentral
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Agot K, Taylor D, Corneli AL, et al. Accuracy of self-report and pill-count measures of adherence in the FEM-PrEP clinical trial: implications for future HIV-prevention trials. AIDS Behav. 2015;19(5):743–51.PubMed Agot K, Taylor D, Corneli AL, et al. Accuracy of self-report and pill-count measures of adherence in the FEM-PrEP clinical trial: implications for future HIV-prevention trials. AIDS Behav. 2015;19(5):743–51.PubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat McCarney R, Warner J, Iliffe S, van Haselen R, Griffin M, Fisher P. The Hawthorne effect: a randomised, controlled trial. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2007;7:30.PubMedPubMedCentral McCarney R, Warner J, Iliffe S, van Haselen R, Griffin M, Fisher P. The Hawthorne effect: a randomised, controlled trial. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2007;7:30.PubMedPubMedCentral
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Gandhi M, Bacchetti P, Spinelli MA, et al. Brief Report: validation of a urine tenofovir immunoassay for adherence monitoring to PrEP and ART and establishing the cutoff for a point-of-care test. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2019;81(1):72–7.PubMedPubMedCentral Gandhi M, Bacchetti P, Spinelli MA, et al. Brief Report: validation of a urine tenofovir immunoassay for adherence monitoring to PrEP and ART and establishing the cutoff for a point-of-care test. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2019;81(1):72–7.PubMedPubMedCentral
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Castillo-Mancilla JR, Zheng JH, Rower JE, et al. Tenofovir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir diphosphate in dried blood spots for determining recent and cumulative drug exposure. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2013;29(2):384–90.PubMedPubMedCentral Castillo-Mancilla JR, Zheng JH, Rower JE, et al. Tenofovir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir diphosphate in dried blood spots for determining recent and cumulative drug exposure. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2013;29(2):384–90.PubMedPubMedCentral
Metadaten
Titel
TransPrEP: Results from the Pilot Study of a Social Network-Based Intervention to Support PrEP Adherence Among Transgender Women in Lima, Peru
verfasst von
Jesse Clark
Sari Reisner
Amaya Perez-Brumer
Leyla Huerta
Hugo Sanchez
Kathleen Moriarty
Maria Mamani Luque
Hideaki Okochi
Ximena Salazar
Matthew Mimiaga
Jorge Sanchez
Monica Gandhi
Kenneth H. Mayer
Javier R. Lama
Publikationsdatum
01.01.2021
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
AIDS and Behavior / Ausgabe 6/2021
Print ISSN: 1090-7165
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-3254
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-03117-4

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2021

AIDS and Behavior 6/2021 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

„Jeder Fall von plötzlichem Tod muss obduziert werden!“

17.05.2024 Plötzlicher Herztod Nachrichten

Ein signifikanter Anteil der Fälle von plötzlichem Herztod ist genetisch bedingt. Um ihre Verwandten vor diesem Schicksal zu bewahren, sollten jüngere Personen, die plötzlich unerwartet versterben, ausnahmslos einer Autopsie unterzogen werden.

Hirnblutung unter DOAK und VKA ähnlich bedrohlich

17.05.2024 Direkte orale Antikoagulanzien Nachrichten

Kommt es zu einer nichttraumatischen Hirnblutung, spielt es keine große Rolle, ob die Betroffenen zuvor direkt wirksame orale Antikoagulanzien oder Marcumar bekommen haben: Die Prognose ist ähnlich schlecht.

Schlechtere Vorhofflimmern-Prognose bei kleinem linken Ventrikel

17.05.2024 Vorhofflimmern Nachrichten

Nicht nur ein vergrößerter, sondern auch ein kleiner linker Ventrikel ist bei Vorhofflimmern mit einer erhöhten Komplikationsrate assoziiert. Der Zusammenhang besteht nach Daten aus China unabhängig von anderen Risikofaktoren.

Semaglutid bei Herzinsuffizienz: Wie erklärt sich die Wirksamkeit?

17.05.2024 Herzinsuffizienz Nachrichten

Bei adipösen Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz des HFpEF-Phänotyps ist Semaglutid von symptomatischem Nutzen. Resultiert dieser Benefit allein aus der Gewichtsreduktion oder auch aus spezifischen Effekten auf die Herzinsuffizienz-Pathogenese? Eine neue Analyse gibt Aufschluss.

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.