Differential Expression of the Five Somatostatin Receptor Subtypes in Human Benign and Malignant Insulinomas – Predominance of Receptor Subtype 4

Insulinomas constitute a subgroup of pancreatic endocrine tumors showing B cell differentiation and clinical symptoms related to inappropriate insulin secretion (WHO). Many endocrine tumors express somatostatin receptors (sstrs), which can be visualized by octreotide scintigraphy; however, about half of all insulinomas are reported to be negative. Previous immunohistochemical investigations with antibodies to sstr subtypes 1, 2, 3, and 5 have revealed differences in expression between various neuroendocrine tumors. In the present study, the immunoreactivity to all five human sstr was studied in ten benign and six malignant human insulinomas. Sstr₄ was the receptor subtype most frequently expressed in both benign and malignant tumors. A difference in the immunohistochemical sstr₅ expression pattern was seen between benign and malignant tumors: Three of the six malignant tumors, but none of the benign tumors, expressed sstr₅. The other receptor subtypes were expressed in low numbers with no difference between benign and malignant tumors. The finding of a strong expression of sstr₄ in both benign and malignant insulinomas suggests that this receptor subtype could be of importance for diagnostic and therapeutic use.