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Immunologic Research
Erschienen in: Immunologic Research 2/2008

01.06.2008

Th17 cells: a new fate for differentiating helper T cells

verfasst von: Zhi Chen, John J. O’Shea

Erschienen in: Immunologic Research | Ausgabe 2/2008

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Abstract

Classically naïve CD4+ have been thought to differentiate into two possible lineages, T helper 1 (Th1) or T helper 2 (Th2) cells. Within this paradigm the pathogenesis of autoimmunity was suggested to predominantly relate to Th1 cells and the production of IFN-γ. However, there were many aspects of this model that did not seem to fit, not the least of which was that IFN-γ was protective in some models of autoimmunity. During the past 2 years, remarkable progress has been made to characterize a new lineage of helper T cells. Designated Th17 cells, this lineage selectively produces proinflammatory cytokines including IL-17, IL-21, and IL-22. In the mouse, the differentiation of this new lineage is initiated by TGFβ-1 and IL-6 and IL-21, which activate Stat3 and induce the expression of the transcription factor retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (RORγt). IL-23, which also activates Stat3, apparently serves to maintain Th17 cells in vivo. In human cells, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-23 promote human Th17 differentiation, but TGFβ-1 is reportedly not needed. Emerging data have suggested that Th17 plays an essential role in the host defense against extracellular bacteria and fungi and in pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Selectively targeting the Th17 lineage may be beneficial for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Fußnoten
1
Recent evidence indicates that Th17 cells can also make IL-10 and IL-23 is an important factor that regulates the pathogenicity of Th17 cells.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Th17 cells: a new fate for differentiating helper T cells
verfasst von
Zhi Chen
John J. O’Shea
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2008
Verlag
Humana Press Inc
Erschienen in
Immunologic Research / Ausgabe 2/2008
Print ISSN: 0257-277X
Elektronische ISSN: 1559-0755
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-007-8014-9

Neu im Fachgebiet HNO

Bei schweren Reaktionen auf Insektenstiche empfiehlt sich eine spezifische Immuntherapie

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Insektenstiche sind bei Erwachsenen die häufigsten Auslöser einer Anaphylaxie. Einen wirksamen Schutz vor schweren anaphylaktischen Reaktionen bietet die allergenspezifische Immuntherapie. Jedoch kommt sie noch viel zu selten zum Einsatz.

HNO-Op. auch mit über 90?

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Mit Blick auf das Risiko für Komplikationen nach elektiven Eingriffen im HNO-Bereich scheint das Alter der Patienten kein ausschlaggebender Faktor zu sein. Entscheidend ist offenbar, wie fit die Betroffenen tatsächlich sind.

Intrakapsuläre Tonsillektomie gewinnt an Boden

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Gegenüber der vollständigen Entfernung der Gaumenmandeln hat die intrakapsuläre Tonsillektomie einige Vorteile, wie HNO-Fachleute aus den USA hervorheben. Sie haben die aktuelle Literatur zu dem Verfahren gesichtet.

Bilateraler Hörsturz hat eine schlechte Prognose

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Die Mehrzahl der Menschen mit Hörsturz ist einseitig betroffen, doch auch ein beidseitiger Hörsturz ist möglich. Wie häufig solche Fälle sind und wie sich ihr Verlauf darstellt, hat eine HNO-Expertenrunde aus den USA untersucht.

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