Background
Purpose and hypotheses
Methods
Setting and design
Sample and participants
Data collection and measures
Resident data and questionnaire
Measurement of results
Statistical analysis
Ethical clearance
Results
Demographics
Characteristics [mean (SD), % (n)] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MMSE (18–30) | MMSE (10–17) | Pre−/Post-test | Total | ||
Female | Pre | 72.0% (162) | 72.1% (44) | 72.0% (206) | 74.8% (493) |
Post | 77.6% (228) | 74.7% (59) | 76.9% (287) | ||
Age (years) | Pre | 83.35 (7.9) | 84.70 (7.3) | 83.64 (7.7) | 84.50 (7.4) |
Post | 85.13 (7.0) | 85.27 (7.3) | 85.16 (7.1) | ||
Length of stay (years) | Pre | 3.05 (4.0) | 4.00 (5.6) | 3.25 (4.4) | 2.96 (4.2) |
Post | 2.84 (4.3) | 2.37 (2.8) | 2.73 (4.0) | ||
MMSE score | Pre | 23.86 (3.7) | 13.98 (2.3) | 21.75 (5.3) | 21.91 (5.3) |
Post | 24.23 (3.5) | 13.82 (2.2) | 22.03 (5.4) | ||
Interview duration (min.) | Pre | 0:17 (0:22) | 0:17 (0:43) | 0:17 (0:28) | 0:20 (0:41) |
Post | 0:25 (0:53) | 0:13 (0:24) | 0:23 (0:48) | ||
Diagnosesa | Pre | CHD 23.1% (52) DEM 21.8% (49) DJD 17.8% (40) | DEM 42.6% (26) CHD 22.9% (14) APO 16.0% (10) | DEM 26.2% (75) CHD 23.1% (66) DJD 16.8% (48) | DEM 31.9% (210) CHD 19.8% (129) DEP 18.1% (119) |
Post | DEM 29.9% (88) OST 23.5% (69) APO 17.3% (51) | DEM 59.5% (47) DEP 26.6% (21) CHD 21.5% (17) | DEM 36.2% (135) OST 20.4% (76) APO 17.7% (66) | ||
Sample sizes | npre = 225 npost = 294 | npre = 61 npost = 79 | npre = 286 npost = 373 | n = 659 |
Effects of cognitive impairment, age, gender, and interview duration on INR
Descriptive distributions of item nonresponse rate
INR mean difference between residents with no/mild and moderate cognitive impairment
Mean differences for item nonresponse rate between MMSE-groups | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjusted comparisons of item nonresponse rates (ANCOVA) | |||||
Sample | Cognitive impairment | Mean (SE, nvalid) | Mean diff. (SE) [95% CI] | η2 (F), p | δ |
Prea | No or mild (MMSE 18–30) | 4.05% (0.6, n = 213) 12.17% (1.1, n = 59) | 8.13% (1.2) [5.73, 10.53] | 14.2% (44.3) p < 0.001 | 0.82 |
Moderate (MMSE 10–17) | |||||
Posta | No or mild (MMSE 18–30) | 3.93% (0.5, n = 289) 11.24% (0.9, n = 75) | 7.31% (1.1) [5.22, 9.40] | 11.7% (47.5) p < 0.001 | 0.73 |
Moderate (MMSE 10–17) | |||||
Totalb | No or mild (MMSE 18–30) | 3.98% (0.4, n = 502) 11.85% (0.7, n = 134) | 7.67% (0.8) [6.10, 9.24] | 12.9% (92.4) p < 0.001 | 0.77 |
Moderate (MMSE 10–17) |
Correlations, BLR and MLR measuring the effects of MMSE, age, gender, and duration
Spearman (rs) correlation and eta2 (ɲ2) statisticsa | ||||
Duration*INR (rs) | Age*INR (rs) | Gender*INR (ɲ2) | MMSE*INR (rs) | |
rs/ɲ2, p (n) | −0.067, p ≈ 0.089 (640) | 0.161, p < 0.001 (653) | 0.004, p ≈ 0.081 (653) | −0.355, p < 0.001 (655) |
BLR – Binary logistic regression statisticsa (factor: MMSE 10–17 vs. 18–30, n = 655) | ||||
Response | B (SE) | Wald | OR [CI 95%] | p |
> 0% INR | 1.02 | 22.4 | 2.78 [1.82–4.25] | p < 0.001 |
> 5% INR | 1.34 | 45.2 | 3.83 [2.58–5.66] | p < 0.001 |
> 10% INR | 1.46 | 42.6 | 4.31 [2.78–6.68] | p < 0.001 |
MLR – Multiple linear regression statisticsa (enter-model, response: INR, n = 637) | ||||
Factor | B (SE) | β | t | p |
Duration | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.04 | 1.22 | p ≈ 0.233 |
Age | 0.14 (0.04) | 0.12 | 3.22 | p ≈ 0.001 |
MMSE | −0.65 (0.06) | −0.39 | −10.82 | p < 0.001 |
Gender | −0.92 (0.78) | − 0.04 | −1.17 | p ≈ 0.242 |
Sample | −0.77 (0.66) | −0.02 | − 0.60 | p ≈ 0.244 |
R2corr | 16.5% | |||
F, p | 32.79, p < 0.001 | |||
MLR – Multiple linear regression statisticsa (stepwise-model, response: INR, n = 637) | ||||
Factor | B (SE) | β | t | p |
MMSE | −0.65 (0.06) | −0.40 | −10.79 | p < 0.001 |
Age | 0.14 (0.04) | 0.12 | 3.20 | p < 0.001 |
R2corr | 16.7% | |||
F, p | 64.71, p < 0.001 |