Introduction
Methods
Search strategy
Eligibility criteria
Study selection
Data extraction and risk of bias
Quantitative synthesis
Results
Study collection
Risk of bias assessment
Prevalence
Qualitative analysis
Author, year, study design, industry & country | Period of measurement | Demographic characteristics | Examination method & response rate | Tools for examination | WMSD & Prevalence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aasmoe et al. 2008 [20] Cross-sectional Seafood industry - Norway | December 2000 Prevalence Period: 12 months | T = 744 F = 85 (21%); < 30 years F = 97 (24%); 30–39 years F = 109 (27%); 40–49 years F = 113 (28%); > 50 years M = 119 (35%); < 30 years M = 85 (25%); 30–39 years M = 71 (21%); 40–49 years M = 64 (19%); > 50 years | Self-report 50% of the administrative and production workers | Self-Administered Questionnaire (anonymous): “Have you had any of these symptoms during the last 12 months?” | Neck/Shoulder F = 89%; whitefish Neck/Shoulder F = 88%; shrimp Neck/Shoulder F = 86%; salmon Wrist/Hand F = 62%; whitefish Wrist/Hand F = 66%; shrimp Wrist/Hand F = 82%; salmon Elbow F = 30%; whitefish Elbow F = 38%; shrimp Elbow F = 42%; salmon Back F = 74%; whitefish Back F = 74%; shrimp Back F = 65%; salmon Leg F = 63%; whitefish Leg F = 58%; shrimp Leg F = 61%; salmon Neck/Shoulder M = 71%; whitefish Neck/Shoulder M = 85%; shrimp Neck/Shoulder M = 71%; salmon Wrist/Hand M = 47%; whitefish Wrist/Hand M = 37%; shrimp Wrist/Hand M = 64%; salmon Elbow M = 25%; whitefish Elbow M = 18%; shrimp Elbow M = 24%; salmon Back M = 74%; whitefish Back M = 71%; shrimp Back M = 67%; salmon Leg M = 50%; whitefish Leg M = 48%; shrimp Leg M = 50%; salmon |
Afonso et al. 2014 [21] Cross-sectional Footwear industry - Portugal | January 2013 Prevalence Period: 12 months | F = 66; 22–55 years | Self-report 52.3% | Questionnaire based on 3 validated questionnaires: 1) Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire translated in Portuguese 2) Extended version of the Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire 3) Medium size version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire | Neck T = 32% (n = 21) Shoulder T = 23% (n = 15) Elbow T = 21% (n = 14) Wrist/Hand T = 42% (n = 18) Thoracic region T = 6% (n = 4) Lumbar region T = 30% (n = 20) Hip/Thigh T = 9% (n = 6) Knee T = 21% (n = 14) Ankle/Foot T = 15% (n = 10) |
Alexopoulos et al. 2006 [22] Cross-sectional Shipyard industry - Greece | November 2003–March 2004 Prevalence Period: 12 months | Blue collar workers = 624; ȳ = 38.7 years | Self-report 98.5% of the white and blue collar workers | Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire translated into Greek | Lower Back = 33%; metal workers Lower Back = 39.8%; welders Lower Back = 37.9%; other blue collar workers Shoulder/Neck = 14.6%; metal workers Shoulder/Neck = 18.3%; welders Shoulder/Neck = 25.2%; other blue collar workers Hand/Wrist = 15.3%; metal workers Hand/Wrist = 10.8%; welders Hand/Wrist = 13.4%; other blue collar workers |
Andersen et al. 2007 [23] Cohort Production industry - Denmark | 2-year period Prevalence Period: 12 months | T = 141; skilled workers T = 1874; unskilled workers | Self-report 75%; skilled workers baseline 67%; unskilled workers baseline 79%; skilled workers 24-month follow-up 76%; unskilled workers 24-month follow-up | Self-Administered Questionnaire for regional pain status: “How much have you been bothered by pain during the past 12 months?” | Neck/Shoulder T = 22%; skilled workers baseline Elbow/Forearm/Hand T = 17%; skilled workers baseline Lower Back T = 17%; skilled workers baseline Hip/Knee/Foot T = 12%; skilled workers baseline Neck/Shoulder T = 38%; unskilled workers baseline Elbow/Forearm/Hand T = 22%; unskilled workers baseline Lower Back T = 25%; unskilled workers baseline Hip/Knee/Foot T = 22%; unskilled workers baseline Neck/Shoulder T = 16%; skilled workers 24-month follow-up Elbow/Forearm/Hand T = 8%; skilled workers 24-month follow-up Lower Back T = 19%; skilled workers 24-month follow-up Hip/Knee/Foot T = 17%; skilled workers 24-month follow-up Neck/Shoulder T = 32%; unskilled workers 24-month follow-up Elbow/Forearm/Hand T = 21%; unskilled workers 24-month follow-up Lower Back T = 27%; unskilled workers 24-month follow-up Hip/Knee/Foot T = 24%; unskilled workers 24-month follow-up |
Bang et al. 2005 [24] Cross-sectional Seafood industry – Norway | 2001 Prevalence Period: 12 months | T = 1588; m = 39 years F = 889 (56%) M = 699 (44%) | Self-report 49.8% of the industrial and administrative workers | Not further specified questionnaire. Question “Have you, during the last 12 months, felt pain from the neck/shoulders, elbow, wrists/hands, back and legs?” | Neck/Shoulder T = 65.3% Elbow T = 15.3% Wrist/Hand T = 39.7% Back T = 56.1% Leg T = 39.4% |
Bonfiglioli et al. 2006 [25] Cross-sectional Electronic industry - Italy | Not mentioned Prevalence Period: Point prevalence | F = 19 M = 32 ȳ = 36.3 years | Clinician and experienced electrodiagnostic tester 85% | Bilateral median nerve conduction study Physical examination | Carpal Tunnel Syndrome T = 43% |
Claus et al. 2019 [26] Cross-sectional Chemical industry - Germany | January 2011–December 2014 Prevalence Period: 1) 12 months 2) 7 days | T = 1165 (20.9%); < 35 years T = 634 (11.4%); 35–39 years T = 930 (16.7%); 40–44 years T = 1078 (19.4%); 45–49 years T = 1100 (19.8%); 50–54 years T = 664 (11.9%); > 55 years F = 254 (4.6%) M = 5317 (95.4%) ȳ = 43.1 years | Self-report Occupational physicians Not mentioned | Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (modified) Physical examination | Back T = 66.4%; 12-month prevalence Back T = 26.3%; 7-day prevalence |
De Zwart et al. 2001 [27] Cross-sectional Textile, food, metal, electronic, and production industry - The Netherlands | 1982–1993 Prevalence Period: Point prevalence | F = 80 (30.5%); Textile industry F = 182 (16.0%); Food and beverage industry F = 61 (11.6%); Assemblers of metal products F = 52 (17.0%); Assemblers of electrical products F = 58 (17.4%); Production and related workers NEC M = 182 (69.5%); Textile industry M = 958 (84%); Food and beverage industry M = 463 (88.4%); Assemblers of metal products M = 254 (83.0%); Assemblers of electrical products M = 276 (82.6%); Production and related workers NEC | Self-report Regional occupational health service 70–90% | Self-Administered Questionnaire Physical examination | Neck F = 20.0%; Textile industry Neck F = 23.6%; Food and beverage industry Neck F = 16.4%; Assemblers of metal products Neck F = 30.8%; Assemblers of electrical products Neck F = 5.5%; Production and related workers NEC Shoulder F = 12.5%; Textile industry Shoulder F = 34.1%; Food and beverage industry Shoulder F = 18.0%; Assemblers of metal products Shoulder F = 23.1%; Assemblers of electrical products Shoulder F = 15.5%; Production and related workers NEC Elbow F = 3.8%; Textile industry Elbow F = 3.8%; Food and beverage industry Elbow F = 1.6%; Assemblers of metal products Elbow F = 7.7%; Assemblers of electrical products Elbow F = 1.7%; Production and related workers NEC Wrist F = 1.3%; Textile industry Wrist F = 13.7%; Food and beverage industry Wrist F = 4.9%; Assemblers of metal products Wrist F = 11.5%; Assemblers of electrical products Wrist F = 0%; Production and related workers NEC Neck M = 13.2%; Textile industry Neck M = 10.6%; Food and beverage industry Neck M = 8.6%; Assemblers of metal products Neck M = 1.8%; Assemblers of electrical products Neck M = 11.2%; Production and related workers NEC Shoulder M = 10.4%; Textile industry Shoulder M = 17.2%; Food and beverage industry Shoulder M = 12.5%; Assemblers of metal products Shoulder M = 13.0%; Assemblers of electrical products Shoulder M = 12.7%; Production and related workers NEC Elbow M = 4.4%; Textile industry Elbow M = 4.4%; Food and beverage industry Elbow M = 6.5%; Assemblers of metal products Elbow M = 5.5%; Assemblers of electrical products Elbow M = 3.6%; Production and related workers NEC Wrist M = 5.5%; Textile industry Wrist M = 4.4%; Food and beverage industry Wrist M = 4.3%; Assemblers of metal products Wrist M = 3.9%; Assemblers of electrical products Wrist M = 5.4%; Production and related workers NEC |
Descatha et al. 2003 [28] Cohort Assembly, textile, food, and packaging industry – France | 1993–1994 Prevalence Period: 12 months | T = 479; Assembly industry T = 262; Textile industry T = 307; Food industry T = 160; Packaging industry | Self-report Occupational physicians Not mentioned | Self-Administered Questionnaire Physical examination | Medial epicondylitis T = 5.2%; Assembly industry T = 2.7%; Textile industry T = 5.2%; Food industry T = 2.5%; Packaging industry |
Fouquet et al. 2015 [29] Cross-sectional Agriculture and food, automotive manufacturing, and energy industry - France | 2002–2005 Prevalence Period: 7 days | Not mentioned | Occupational physicians 18% of the occupational physicians (all industries) | Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire | Thoracic spine F = 15.0% (n = 113); Agricultural and food industry F = 19.8% (n = 116); Automotive manufacturing industry F = 0% (n = 0); Energy M = 10.4% (n = 182); Agricultural and food industry M = 19.4% (n = 62); Automotive manufacturing industry M = 8.3% (n = 12); Energy industry |
Ha et al. 2009 [51] Cross-sectional Food and drink, garment, shoe and leather, manufacture of wood and wood products, manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products, publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media, chemical, manufacture of rubber and plastic products, manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products, manufacture of basic metals, manufacture of fabricated metal products, manufacture of machinery and equipment not elsewhere classified, manufacture of electrical and optical equipment, manufacture of motor vehicles, manufacture of other transport equipment, manufacture of furniture and wood, recycling industry - France | April 2002–April 2005 Prevalence Period: 12 months | F = 113; Food and drink industry F = 12; Garment industry F = 28; Shoe and leather industry F = 6; Manufacture of wood and wood products F = 12; Pulp, paper and paper products manufacturing F = 9; Publishing, printing, reproduction of recorded media F = 2; Chemical industry F = 45; Manufacture of rubber and plastic products F = 2; Non-metallic mineral products manufacturing F = 6; Manufacture of basic metals F = 11; Manufacture of fabricated metal products F = 26; Manufacture of electrical and optical equipment NEC F = 69; Manufacture of electrical and optical equipment F = 2; Manufacture of motor vehicles F = 2; Manufacture of other transport equipment F = 45; Manufacture of furniture and wood industries F = 0; Recycling M = 182; Food and drink industry M = 1; Garment industry M = 8; Shoe and leather industry M = 24; Manufacture of wood and wood products M = 52; Pulp, paper and paper products manufacture M = 17; Publishing, printing, reproduction of recorded media M = 8; Chemical industry M = 84; Manufacture of rubber and plastic products M = 22; Non-metallic mineral products manufacturing M = 23; Manufacture of basic metals M = 91; Manufacture of fabricated metal products M = 89; Manufacture of electrical and optical equipment NEC M = 89; Manufacture of electrical and optical equipment M = 63; Manufacture of motor vehicles M = 91; Manufacture of other transport equipment M = 57; Manufacture of furniture and wood industries M = 7; Recycling | Neurologists Occupational physicians 17.4% of the occupational physicians | Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire Physical examination according the “criteria document” (if symptoms had occurred during the last 12 months) | Upper limb musculoskeletal disorder F = 13.3%; Food and drink industry F = 33.3%; Garment industry F = 10.7%; Shoe and leather industry F = 50.0%; Manufacture of wood and wood products F = 33.3%; Pulp, paper and paper products manufacturing F = 11.1%; Publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media F = 50.0%; Chemical industry F = 33.3%; Manufacture of rubber and plastic products F = 0.0%; Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products F = 50.0%; Manufacture of basic metals F = 18.2%; Manufacture of fabricated metal products F = 23.1%; Manufacture of electrical and optical equipment NEC F = 14.5%; Manufacture of electrical and optical equipment F = 0.0%; Manufacture of motor vehicles F = 50.0%; Manufacture of other transport equipment F = 17.8%; Manufacture of furniture and wood industries F = 0%; Recycling M = 12.1%; Food and drink industry M = 0%; Garment industry M = 0%; Shoe and leather industry M = 12.5%; Manufacture of wood and wood products M = 11.5%; Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products M = 5.9%; Publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media M = 0.0%; Chemical industry M = 14.3%; Manufacture of rubber and plastic products M = 4.6%; Non-metallic mineral products manufacturing M = 8.7%; Manufacture of basic metals M = 18.7%; Manufacture of fabricated metal products M = 14.6%; Manufacture of electrical and optical equipment NEC M = 15.7%; Manufacture of electrical and optical equipment M = 25.4%; Manufacture of motor vehicles M = 11.1%; Manufacture of other transport equipment M = 10.5%; Manufacture of furniture and wood industries M = 0%; Recycling |
Harkness et al. 2003 [30] Cohort Shipyard industry - UK | Not mentioned Prevalence Period: 1 month | T = 82; 12-month follow-up T = 67; 24-month follow-up | Self-report 86%; 12-month follow-up 92%; 24-month follow-up | Questionnaire for pain involving one question: “Thinking back over the past month, have you had any ache or pain which lasted for one day or longer?’ If so, indicate the site of this pain on a line drawing of the body.” | Shoulder T = 11% (n = 9); 12-month follow-up Shoulder T = 19% (n = 13); 24-month follow-up |
Hussain 2004 [31] Cross-sectiona Transport industry - UK | Not mentioned Prevalence Period: 12 months | T = 323; ȳ = 36.5 years | Self-report 70% | Modified version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire | Neck T = 60% (n = 194) Shoulder T = 57% (n = 184) Upper Back T = 17% (n = 55) Elbow T = 20% (n = 65) Lower Back T = 65% (n = 211) Wrist/Hand T = 46% (n = 149) Hip T = 8% (n = 26) Knee T = 39% (n = 126) Ankle/Foot T = 13% (n = 42) |
Isolani et al. 2002 [32] Cross-sectional Food industry - Italy | March–May 1998 Prevalence Period: Point prevalence | T = 114; ȳ = 38.0 years F = 21 (18%); 22–61 years M = 93 (82%); 22–61 years | Trained physicians 71% | Interview Physical examination Median NCSs | Carpal tunnel syndrome T = 53% (n = 60) |
Kaergaard and Andersen 2000 [33] Cohort Textile industry - Denmark | 1994–1997 Prevalence Period: Point prevalence | F = 243; ȳ = 38.3 years | Self-report Trained physicians who were blinded to the answers from the questionnaire 94%; baseline 55%; follow-up | Questionnaire about current musculoskeletal complaints Physical examination (neck and arms) | Neck/Shoulder T = 77.6%; baseline Myofascial pain syndrome T = 15.2%; baseline Rotator cuff tendinitis T = 5.8%; baseline |
Le Manac’h et al. 2012 [34] Cross-sectional Food, metal, electronic industry – France | April 2002–April 2005 Prevalence Period: 12 months | T = 295; Food industry T = 102; Metal industry T = 115; Electronic industry ȳ = 38.7 years | Self-report Occupational physicians 93% of all workers | Nordic Auto-Questionnaire Physical examination, if indicated | Knee bursitis T = 1.4% (n = 4); Food industry Knee bursitis T = 2.0% (n = 2); Metal industry Knee bursitis T = 0.9% (n = 1); Electronic industry |
Leclerc et al. 2001 [52] Cohort Electrical, textile, food, and packaging industry - France | 1993–1994 1996–1997 Prevalence Period: Point prevalence | T = 247; Electrical industry T = 63; Textile industry T = 143; Food industry T = 103; Packaging | Self-report Occupational physicians 42.11% | Self-Administered Questionnaire Physical examination | Carpal tunnel syndrome T = 21.9% (n = 54); Electronic industry Carpal tunnel syndrome T = 27.0% (n = 17); Textile industry Carpal tunnel syndrome T = 13.3% (n = 19); Food industry Carpal tunnel syndrome T = 31.1% (n = 32); Packaging Lateral epicondylitis T = 20.2% (n = 50); Electronical industry Lateral epicondylitis T = 4.8% (n = 3); Textile industry Lateral epicondylitis T = 7.0% (n = 10); Food industry Lateral epicondylitis T = 7.8% (n = 8); Packaging Wrist tendinitis T = 8.5 (n = 21); Electronical industry Wrist tendinitis T = 3.2% (n = 2); Textile industry Wrist tendinitis T = 21.0% (n = 30); Food industry Wrist tendinitis T = 10.7% (n = 11); Packaging |
Lima et al. 2019 [35] Cross-sectional Food industry - Portugal | May 2016 Prevalence Period: 12 months | T = 20 (27%); 24–33 years T = 21 (28%); 34–44 years T = 17 (23%); 44–52 years T = 16 (22%); 54–63 years F = 53 (71.6%) M = 21 (28.4%) ȳ = 41.9 years | Self-report 35.23% | Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire | Neck T = 15% (n = 3); 24–33 years Neck T = 29% (n = 6); 34–44 years Neck T = 65% (n = 11); 44–53 years Neck T = 63% (n = 10); 54–63 years Lower Back T = 35% (n = 7); 24–33 years Lower Back T = 19% (n = 4); 34–44 years Lower Back T = 35% (n = 6); 44–53 years Lower Back T = 69% (n = 11); 54–63 years Right Shoulder T = 30% (n = 6); 24–33 years Right Shoulder T = 24% (n = 5); 34–44 years Right Shoulder T = 53% (n = 9); 44–53 years Right Shoulder T = 38% (n = 6); 54–63 years |
Nordander et al. 2008 [36] Cross-sectional Manufacturing industry and mechanical assembly industry - Sweden | Not mentioned Prevalence Period: 7 days | F = 172; ȳ = 42.0 years M = 105; ȳ = 36.0 years | Examiners not specified Not mentioned | Questionnaire-based interview Physical examination (modified scheme by Ohlsson et al.) | Neck/Shoulder F = 61% (n = 104) Elbow/Hand F = 55% (n = 95) Lower Back F = 30% (n = 52) Knee/Foot F = 41% (n = 70) Tension neck syndrome F = 20% (n = 34) Cervicalgia F = 6% (n = 11) Shoulder tendinitis F = 16% (n = 27) Acromioclavicular syndrome F = 12% (n = 20) Epicondylitis F = 6% (n = 11) Pronator teres syndrome F = 2% (n = 3) Radial tunnel syndrome F = 1% (n = 1) Carpal tunnel syndrome F = 8% (n = 13) Overused hand syndrome F = 2% (n = 3) Peritendinitis/Tenosynovitis F = 7% (n = 12) De Quervain’s disease F = 1% (n = 2) Neck/Shoulder M = 36% (n = 38) Elbow/Hand M = 34% (n = 36) Lower Back M = 27% (n = 28) Knee/Foot M = 32% (n = 34) Tension neck syndrome M = 12% (n = 13) Cervicalgia M = 3% (n = 3) Shoulder tendinitis M = 6% (n = 6) Acromioclavicular syndrome M = 7% (n = 7) Epicondylitis M = 3% (n = 3) Pronator teres syndrome M = 0% (n = 0) Radial tunnel syndrome M = 0% (n = 0) Carpal tunnel syndrome M = 2% (n = 2) Overused hand syndrome M = 0% (n = 0) Peritendinitis/Tenosynovitis M = 3% (n = 3) De Quervain’s disease M = 0% (n = 0) |
Ólafsdóttir and Rafnsson 2000 [37] Cross-sectional Fish industry - Iceland | Not mentioned Prevalence Period: 1) 12 months 2) 7 days | T = 254 F = 49 (19%); 16–19 years F = 80 (32%); 20–29 years F = 125 (49%); 30–54 years | Self-report 71% | Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire | Neck = 69%; 12-month prevalence Shoulder = 78%; 12-month prevalence Elbow = 17%; 12-month prevalence Wrist = 47%; 12-month prevalence Upper Back = 37%; 12-month prevalence Lower Back = 68%; 12-month prevalence Hip = 22%; 12-month prevalence Knee = 28%; 12-month prevalence Ankle = 24%; 12-month prevalence Head = 56%; 12-month prevalence Fingers = 31%; 12-month prevalence Neck = 44%; 7-day prevalence Shoulder = 47%; 7-day prevalence Elbow = 9%; 7-day prevalence Wrist = 26%; 7-day prevalence Upper Back = 18%; 7-day prevalence Lower Back = 39%; 7-day prevalence Hip = 16%; 7-day prevalence Knee = 15%; 7-day prevalence Ankle = 15%; 7-day prevalence Head = 39%; 7-day prevalence Fingers = 19%; 7-day prevalence |
Pope et al. 2001 [38] Cross-sectional Packaging industry - UK | Not mentioned Prevalence Period: 1 month | T = 203 | Self-report 83% of all workers | Manikin and Shoulder Disability Questionnaire | Shoulder T = 27% (n = 55) |
Ricco and Signorelli 2017 [53] Cross-sectional Meat industry - Italy | January 2012 December 2013 Prevalence Period: Point prevalence | T = 434; ȳ = 37.0 years F = 198 (45.6%) M = 236 (54.4%) | Trained clinician 91.8% | Full medical assessment Ultrasonography and/or NCS in clinically possible cases | Carpal tunnel syndrome F = 17.2% (n = 34) Carpal tunnel syndrome M = 11.4% (n = 27) |
Roquelaure et al. 2002 [54] Cohort Shoe industry - France | 1996–1997 Prevalence Period: 12 months | Year 1996: T = 253; ȳ = 40.2 years F = 158 (62%) M = 95 (38%) Year 1997: T = 191; ȳ = 41.1 years F = 117 (61%) M = 74 (39%) | Occupational physicians 90% | Interview Physical examination | Tension neck syndrome T = 7.5% (n = 19); 1996 Rotator cuff syndrome = 7.9% (n = 20); 1996 Medial epicondylitis T = 0% (n = 0); 1996 Lateral epicondylitis T = 2.0% (n = 5); 1996 Cubital tunnel syndrome T = 5.2% (n = 10); 1996 Radial tunnel syndrome T = 0.4% (n = 1); 1996 Carpal tunnel syndrome T = 18.2% (n = 46); 1996 Guyon’s canal syndrome T = 0.4% (n = 1); 1996 Hand/Wrist tendinitis T = 2.4% (n = 6); 1996 Tension neck syndrome T = 4.2% (n = 8); 1997 Rotator cuff syndrome T = 9.5% (n = 18); 1997 Medial epicondylitis T = 0.5% (n = 1); 1997 Lateral epicondylitis T = 3.1% (n = 6); 1997 Cubital tunnel syndrome T = 4.2% (n = 8); 1997 Radial tunnel syndrome T = 1.0% (n = 2); 1997 Carpal tunnel syndrome T = 22.0% (n = 42); 1997 Guyon’s canal syndrome T = 0.5% (n = 1); 1997 Hand/Wrist tendinitis T = 3.1% (n = 6); 1997 |
Roquelaure et al. 2006 [39] Cross-sectional Food, textile, wood, paper, chemical, steel, machine and equipment, computer, automotive, furniture and wood industry - France | April to September 2002 May to October 2003 Prevalence Period: Not specified | F = 69; Food industry F = 31; Textile industry F = 5; Wood industry F = 20; Paper industry F = 39; Chemical industry F = 9; Steel industry F = 22; Machine and equipment industry F = 32; Computer industry F = 3; Automotive industry F = 43; Furniture industry F = 112; Food industry F = 112; Textile industry F = 23; Wood industry F = 55; Paper industry F = 74, Chemical industry F = 81; Steel industry F = 72; Machine and equipment industry F = 51; Computer industry F = 40; Automotive industry F = 50; Furniture industry | Occupational physicians 17.4% of the Sentinal network occupational physicians | Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire VAS If symptoms occurred during the past 12 months: physical examination based on the criteria document for the evaluation of work-related upper-limb MSDs | Upper extremity disorders F = 15.9% (n = 11); Food industry F = 19.4% (n = 6); Textile industry F = / (n = 2); Wood industry F = 25.0% (n = 5); Paper industry F = 35.9% (n = 14); Chemical industry F = 33.3% (n = 3); Steel industry F = 27.3% (n = 6); Machine and equipment industry F = 12.5% (n = 4); Computer industry F = / (n = 1); Automotive industry F = 20.9% (n = 9); Furniture industry M = 12.5% (n = 14); Food industry M = 0% (n = 0); Textile industry M = 13% (n = 3); Wood industry M = 10.9% (n = 6); Paper industry M = 12.2% (n = 9); Chemical industry M = 14.8% (n = 12); Steel industry M = 12.5% (n = 9); Machine and equipment industry M = 7.8% (n = 4); Computer industry M = 20% (n = 8); Automotive industry M = 20.0% (n = 5); Furniture industry |
Sormunen et al. 2009 [40] Cross-sectional Meat and dairy industry - Finland | 1997 Prevalence Period: 12 months | T = 117 F = 46%; ȳ = 35.0 years M = 54%; ȳ = 33.0 years | Self-report 85% | Questionnaire | Neck/Shoulder F = 89% (n = 424); 18–64 years Neck/Shoulder F = 90% (n = 275); 18–39 years Neck/Shoulder F = 86% (n = 149); 49–64 years Shoulder F = 65% (n = 291); 18–64 years Shoulder F = 60% (n = 178); 18–39 years Shoulder F = 75% (n = 113); 49–64 years Lower Back F = 68% (n = 303); 18–64 years Lower Back F = 65% (n = 193); 18–39 years Lower Back F = 73% (n = 109); 49–64 years Wrist F = 71% (n = 318); 18–64 years Wrist F = 70% (n = 213); 18–39 years Wrist F = 72% (n = 105); 49–64 years Neck/Shoulder M = 78% (n = 432); 18–64 years Neck/Shoulder M = 75% (n = 318); 18–39 years Neck/Shoulder M = 87% (n = 113); 49–64 years Shoulder M = 57% (n = 305); 18–64 years Shoulder M = 50% (n = 204); 18–39 years Shoulder M = 82% (n = 99); 49–64 years Lower Back M = 64% (n = 347); 18–64 years Lower Back M = 60% (n = 253); 18–39 years Lower Back M = 75% (n = 92); 49–64 years Wrist M = 58% (n = 311); 18–64 years Wrist M = 57% (n = 237); 18–39 years Wrist M = 63% (n = 74); 49–64 years |
Sundstrup et al. 2014 [41] Cross-sectional Meat industry - Denmark | Not mentioned Prevalence Period: 3 months | T = 595; ȳ = 44.0 years F = 11% M = 89% | Self-report 92% | Questionnaire: 0–10 modified VAS scale for neck, shoulder, elbow, and hand/wrist regions defined by drawings from the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. | Neck T = 48% Shoulder T = 60% Elbow T = 40% Hand/Wrist T = 52% |
Wixted et al. 2018 [42] Cross-sectiona Manufacturing industry - Ireland | Not mentioned Prevalence Period: 12 months | T = 47 (20%); 21–30 years T = 97 (41.3%); 31–40 years T = (27.7%); 41–50 years T = (11.1%); 51–60 years F = 47 (20%) M = 188 (80%) | Self-report 80% | Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (Amended) | Neck T = 41% (n = 96) Shoulder T = 46% (n = 108) Upper back T = 28% (n = 66) Lower back T = 57% (n = 134) |
Weyh et al. 2020 [43] Cross-sectional Steel industry - Germany | July 2016 to May 2017 Prevalence Period: 12 months | T = 145; ȳ = 35.8 years F = 2 (1%) M = 143 (99%) | Self-report Not mentioned | Modified version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire | Neck T = 61% Shoulder T = 55% Elbow T = 32% Forearm T = 32% Upper back T = 36% Lower back T = 71% Hip = 9% Knee = 44% Lower leg = 16% |
Quantitative analysis
Anatomical location | Mean (%) with 95% CI | Median (%) | Range (%) | SD (%) | I2 (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Back | 60 [49;70] | 66 | 38–72 | 13 | 83 |
Shoulder/Neck | 54 [31;74] | 51 | 19–83 | 27 | 96 |
Neck | 51 [40;62] | 51 | 32–69 | 15 | 86 |
Shoulder | 50 [37;63] | 51 | 23–78 | 18 | 91 |
Lower back | 47 [33;61] | 47 | 24–71 | 20 | 93 |
Wrist/Hand | 42 [31;54] | 44 | 14–64 | 16 | 90 |
Knee | 33 [24;43] | 34 | 21–46 | 11 | 76 |
Leg | 29 [18;43] | 23 | 16–56 | 16 | 89 |
Upper back | 22 [13;37] | 28 | 6–37 | 12 | 90 |
Elbow | 21 [18;24] | 21 | 15–30 | 4 | 5 |
Ankle/Feet | 17 [12;23] | 15 | 13–24 | 6 | 36 |
Hip | 11 [7;18] | 9 | 8–22 | 7 | 63 |
Incidence
Qualitative analysis
Author, year, study design, period of measurement, industry & country | Examination method, examination tools & response rate | Demographic characteristics | WSMD & Incidence cases/ Incidence ratio | Overall incidence ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|
Chen et al. 2006 [44] Cohort: 1996–2001 Food and organic products, petrochemical, metals, and automotive industry – UK | Occupational physicians Not further specified 75% of occupational physicians of OPRA | Not retrievable | Upper limb = 1827/million persons-year; FOM Neck/Back = 792/million persons-year; FOM Lower limb = 121/million persons-year; FOM Upper limb = 1945/million persons-year; PRP Neck/Back = 517/million persons-year; PRP Lower limb = 49/million persons-year; PRP Upper limb = 5618/million persons-year; MAP Neck/Back = 1886/million persons-year; MAP Lower limb = 317/million persons-year; MAP | Could not be calculated |
Cherry et al. 2000 [47] Cohort: 1996–2001 Food and organic products, petrochemical, metals, and automotive industry – UK | Occupational physicians Not further specifie 75% of occupational physicians of OPRA | Not mentioned | Hand/Wrist/Arm = 708; FOM Hand/Wrist/Arm = 960; PRP Hand/Wrist/Arm = 1092; MM Hand/Wrist/Arm = 1164; AM Lumbar Spine/Trunk = 384; FOM Lumbar Spine/Trunk = 276; PRP Lumbar Spine/Trunk = 300; MM Lumbar Spine/Trunk = 684; AM Elbow = 264; FOM Elbow = 348; PRP Elbow = 348; MM Elbow = 516; AM Shoulder = 300; AM | Could not be calculated |
Cherry et al. 2001 [46] Cohort: October 1997–September 2000 Food and organic products, petrochemical, metals, and automotive industry - UK and Scotland | Rheumatologists Not further specified 80% of the society’s membership of rheumatologists. | Not mentioned | Upper Limb = 690; FOM Upper Limb = 144; PRP Upper Limb = 228; MM Upper Limb = 201; AM Lower Limb = 57; FOM Lower Limb = /; PRP Lower Limb = 36; MM Lower Limb = 12; AM Neck/Back = 192; FOM Neck/Back = 51; PRP Neck/Back = 30; MM Neck/Back = 12; AM | Could not be calculated |
Cherry et al. 2002 [45] Cohort: 1996–2001 Food and organic material manufacturing, petrochemical, rubber and plastics manufacturing, metallic and automotive products manufacturing - UK and Scotland | Occupational physicians Not further specified Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Upper limb F = 217/million persons-year; FOM Upper limb F = 342/million persons-year; PRP Upper limb F = 598/million persons-year; MAP Back F = 48/million persons-year; FOM Back F = 172/million persons-year; MAP Upper limb M = 106/million persons-year; FOM Upper limb M = 104/million persons-year; PRP Upper limb M = 443/million persons-year; MAP Back M = 79/million persons-year; FOM Back M = 42/million persons-year; PRP Back M = 153/million persons-year; MAP Lower Limb M = 28/million persons-year; MAP | Could not be calculated |
Descatha et al. 2007 [48] Cohort: 1996–2000 Shoe industry – France | Occupational physician Interview Physical examination 66% | T = 166 T = 66.3%; < 45 years T = 33.7%; ≥ 45 years F = 60.8% M = 39.2% | UWMSD F = 0.238; 1996–1997 M = 0.296; 1996–1997 T < 45y = 0.23; 1996–1997 T ≥ 45 years = 0.33; 1996–1997 F = 0,08; 1997–2000 M = 0.08; 1997–2000 T < 45y = 0.08; 1997–2000 T ≥ 45 years = 0.09; 1997–2000 | 0.26; 1996–1997 0.08; 1997–2000 |
Ha et al. 2009 [51] Cross-sectional: April 2002–April 200 Food and drink, garment, shoe and leather, manufacture of wood and wood products, manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products, publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media, chemical, manufacture of rubber and plastic products, manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products, manufacture of basic metals, manufacture of fabricated metal products manufacture of machinery and equipment not elsewhere classified, manufacture of electrical and optical equipment, manufacture of motor vehicles, manufacture of other transport equipment, manufacture of furniture and wood, recycling industry – France | Neurologists Occupational physicians Physical examinatio 17.4% of the occupational physicians | F = 113; FDI F = 12; GI F = 28; SLI F = 6; WW F = 12; PPP F = 9; PPR F = 2; CI F = 45; PRP F = 2; NMM F = 6; BM F = 11; FMP F = 26; EON F = 69; EO F = 2; MM F = 2; MOT F = 45; FWI F = 0; R M = 182; FDI M = 1; GI M = 8; SLI M = 24; WW M = 52; PPP M = 17; PPR M = 8; CI M = 84; PRP M = 22; NMM M = 23; BM M = 91; FMP M = 89; EON M = 89; EO M = 63; MM M = 91; MOT M = 57; FWI M = 7; R | Carpal tunnel syndrome F = 38; FDI F = 13; GI F = 30; SLI F = 1; WW F = 1; PPP F = 5; PPR F = 12; CI F = 6; PRP F = 0; NMM F = 3; BM F = 7; FMP F = 0; EON F = 23; EO F = 12; MM F = 0; MOT F = 9; FWI F = 1; R M = 22; FDI M = 1; GI M = 11; SLI M = 6; WW M = 1; PPP M = 2; PPR M = 2; CI M = 5; PRP M = 0; NMM M = 6; BM M = 15; FMP M = 7; EON M = 8; EO M = 10; MM M = 0; MOT M = 9; FWI M = 0; R | Could not be calculated |
Häkkänen et al. 2001 [49] Cohort: January 1987–September 199 Transport industry – Finland | Occupational physicians Physical examination Not mentioned | T = 364 F = 55 M = 309 | Upper Limb F = 0.2 Neck/Shoulder F = 0.35 Lower Back F = 0.24 Upper Limb M = 0.11 Neck/Shoulder M = 0.10 Lower Back M = 0.19 | Upper limb = 0.13 Neck/Shoulder = 0.14 Lower Back = 0.19 |
Leclerc et al. 2001 [52] Cohort: 1993—1994 1996–1997 Electrical, textile, food, and packaging industry – France | Self-report Occupational health physician Self-Administered Questionnaire Physical examination 42.11% | T = 247; EO T = 63; TI T = 143; FI T = 103; P | Carpal Tunnel Syndrome = 0.04; EO Carpal Tunnel Syndrome = 0.06; TI Carpal Tunnel Syndrome = 0.05; FI Carpal Tunnel Syndrome = 0.03; P Lateral Epicondylitis = 0.06; EO Lateral Epicondylitis = 0.03; TI Lateral Epicondylitis = 0.04; FI Lateral Epicondylitis = 0.03; P Wrist Tendinitis = 0.01; EO Wrist Tendinitis = 0.02; TI Wrist Tendinitis = 0.03; FI Wrist Tendinitis = 0.03; P | Could not be calculated |
Monaco et al. 2019 [50] Retrospective cohort: January 2012–December 2015 Transport industry – Italy | Not mentioned Reviewing medical records of health surveillance visits Not mentioned | T = 171 T = 78 (45.6%); 25–34 years T = 60 (35.1%); 35–44 years T = 33 (19.3%); ≥ 45 years F = 14 (8.2%) M = 157 (91.8%) | Upper Limb T = 0.04 | 0.04 |
Ricco and Signorelli 2017 [53] Cross-sectional: January 2012 December 2013 Meat industry – Italy | Trained clinician Full medical assessment Ultrasonography and/or NCS in clinically possible cases 91.8% | T = 434; ȳ = 37.0 years F = 198 (45.6%) M = 236 (54.4%) | Carpal tunnel syndrome F = 0.21 M = 0.11 | 0.14 |
Roquelaure et al. 2002 [54] Cohort: 1996–1997 Shoe industry – France | Occupational physicians Interview Physical examination 90% | Year 1996: T = 253; ȳ = 40.2 years F = 158 (62%) M = 95 (38%) Year 1997: T = 191; ȳ = 41.1 years F = 117 (61%) M = 74 (39%) | Tension Neck Syndrome T = 0.04 (n = 7); 1997 Rotator Cuff Syndrome T = 0.06 (n = 12); 1997 Medial Epicondylitis T = 0; 1997 Lateral Epicondylitis T = 0.02 (n = 4); 1997 Cubital Tunnel Syndrome T = 0.03 (n = 5); 1997 Radial Tunnel Syndrome T = 0.01 (n = 2); 1997 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome T = 0.12 (n = 23); 1997 Guyon’s Canal Syndrome T = 0.005 (n = 1); 1997 Hand-Wrist Tendinitis T = 0.03 (n = 6); 1997 | Lateral epicondylitis = 0.02 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome = 0.12 Wrist Tendinitis = 0.03 |