Background
An overview of lncRNAs
LncRNAs as liquid biopsy biomarkers of gastric cancer
LncRNAs in plasma/serum as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of gastric cancer
LncRNAs in plasma/serum as diagnostic biomarkers of gastric cancer
LncRNA | Biomarker type | Expression | Cases | Sensitivity | Specificity | AUC | Sample | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C5orf66-AS1 | Diagnostic | Down | 200 patients with GC and 278 non-GC | 77.5% | 53.6% | 0.688 | Serum | [67] |
PTCSC3 | Diagnostic/Prognostic | Down | 68 patients with GC and 60 healthy controls | N/A | N/A | 0.92 | Plasma | [68] |
ARHGAP27P1 | Diagnostic/Prognostic | Down | 53 patients with GC and 53 healthy controls | 75.5% | 60.4% | 0.732 | Plasma | [61] |
TUBA4B | Diagnostic/Prognostic | Down | 37 patients with GC and 37 healthy controls | N/A | N/A | 0.8075 | Plasma | [69] |
LINC00086 | Diagnostic/Prognostic | Down | 168 patients with GC and 74 healthy controls | 72.6% | 83.8% | 0.860 | Plasma | [70] |
DGCR5 | Diagnostic/Prognostic | Down | 34 patients with GC and 34 healthy controls | N/A | N/A | 0.722 | Plasma | [71] |
SNHG17 | Diagnostic/Prognostic | Up | 67 patients with GC and 67 healthy controls | N/A | N/A | 0.748 | Plasma | [72] |
MEF2C-AS1 | Diagnostic | Down | 46 patients with GC and 21 healthy controls | N/A | N/A | 0.733 | Plasma | [73] |
MT1JP | Diagnostic/Prognostic | Down | 34 patients with GC and 34 healthy controls | N/A | N/A | 0.649 | Plasma | [64] |
GACAT2 | Diagnostic/Prognostic | Up | 117 patients with GC and 80 healthy controls | 87.2% | 28.2% | 0.622 | Plasma | [74] |
RMRP | Diagnostic | Down | 83 patients with GC and 90 healthy controls | 59.1% | 67.8% | 0.693 | Plasma | [49] |
UCA1 | Diagnostic | Up | 20 patients with GC and 20 healthy controls | 89.2% | 80.3% | 0.928 | Plasma | [75] |
LINC00152 | Diagnostic | Up | 79 patients with GC and 81 healthy controls | 48.1% | 85.2% | 0.657 | Plasma | [76] |
ZNFX1-AS1 | Diagnostic | Up | 50 patients with GC and 50 healthy controls | 84% | 68% | 0.85 | Plasma | [77] |
GASL1 | Diagnostic | Down | 112 patients with GC and 56 healthy controls | N/A | N/A | N/A | Plasma | [78] |
GASL1 | Diagnostic/Prognostic | Down | 88 patients with GC and 72 healthy controls | N/A | N/A | 0.8945 | Serum | [79] |
MALAT1 | Diagnostic/Prognostic | Up | 64 patients with GC and 64 healthy controls | N/A | N/A | 0.8984 | Plasma | [80] |
MALAT1 | Prognostic | Up | 36 GC/NDM and 36 GC/DM | N/A | N/A | N/A | Plasma | [81] |
HULC | Diagnostic | Up | 50 patients with GC and 50 healthy controls | 58% | 80% | 0.65 | Plasma | [77] |
HULC | Diagnostic | Up | 100 patients with GC and110healthy controls | 82% | 83.6% | 0.888 | Serum | [82] |
H19 | Diagnostic | Up | 43 patients with GC and 34 healthy controls | 74% | 58% | 0.64 | Plasma | [83] |
H19 | Diagnostic | Up | 70 patients with GC and 70 healthy controls | 82.9% | 72.9% | 0.838 | Plasma | [84] |
H19 | Diagnostic | Up | 35 patients with GC and 25 healthy controls | 90.9% | 100% | 0.982 | Plasma | [85] |
H19 | Diagnostic | Up | 40 patients with GC and 42 healthy controls | 87.2% | 37.2% | 0.643 | Plasma | [86] |
B3GALT5-AS1 | Diagnostic | Up | 107 patients with GC and 87 healthy controls | 87.4% | 74.7% | 0.816 | Serum | [87] |
HOXA11-AS | Diagnostic/Prognostic | Up | 94 patients with GC and 40 healthy controls | 78.7% | 97.8% | 0.924 | Serum | [88] |
SNHG6 | Diagnostic/Prognostic | Up | 114 patients with GC and 99 healthy controls | N/A | N/A | N/A | Serum | [89] |
DANCR | Diagnostic/Prognostic | Up | 55 patients with GC and 39 healthy controls | 72.7% | 79.5% | 0.816 | Serum | [90] |
LINC00978 | Diagnostic | Up | 38 patients with GC and 31 healthy controls | 80% | 70% | 0.831 | Serum | [91] |
ZFAS1 | Diagnostic/Prognostic | Up | 77 patients with GC and 60 healthy controls | 76.6% | 63.9% | 0.727 | Plasma | [92] |
Exosomal ZFAS1 | Diagnostic/Prognostic | Up | 60 patients with GC and 37 healthy controls | 71.7% | 75.7% | 0.792 | Serum | [93] |
Exosomal lncUEGC1 | Diagnostic | Up | 51 patients with GC and 60 healthy controls | N/A | N/A | 0.8760 | Plasma | [65] |
Exosomal lncUEGC2 | Diagnostic | Up | 51 patients with GC and 60 healthy controls | N/A | N/A | 0.7582 | Plasma | [65] |
Exosomal PCSK2–2:1 | Diagnostic/Prognostic | Down | 63 patients with GC and 29 healthy controls | 84% | 86.5% | 0.896 | Serum | [94] |
Exosomal GNAQ-6:1 | Diagnostic | Down | 43 patients with GC and 27 healthy controls | 83.7% | 55.6% | 0.732 | Serum | [95] |
Exosomal MIAT | Diagnostic/Prognostic | Up | 109 patients with GC and 50 healthy controls | N/A | N/A | 0.892 | Serum | [96] |
PANDAR | Diagnostic | Up | 109 patients with GC and 106 healthy controls | N/A | N/A | 0.767 | Plasma | [97] |
FOXD2-AS1 | Up | N/A | N/A | 0.700 | ||||
SMARCC2 | Up | N/A | N/A | 0.748 | ||||
Combined | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.839 | ||||
H19 | Diagnostic | Up | 62 patients with GC and 40 healthy controls | 74.19% | 90.0% | 0.854 | Plasma | [98] |
MEG3 | Down | 95.16% | 42.50% | 0.638 | ||||
miR-675-5p | Up | 77.42% | 52.50% | 0.661 | ||||
Combined | N/A | 88.87% | 85% | 0.927 | ||||
CTC-501O10.1 | Diagnostic | Up | 100 patients with GC and 100 healthy controls | 90% | 51% | 0.74 | Plasma | [99] |
AC100830.4 | Up | 84% | 58% | 0.73 | ||||
RP11-210 K20.5 | Up | 89% | 55% | 0.737 | ||||
Combined | N/A | 99% | 49% | 0.764 | ||||
INHBA-AS1 | Diagnostic | Up | 51 patients with GC and 53 healthy controls | N/A | N/A | 0.855 | Plasma | [100] |
MIR4435–2HG | Up | N/A | N/A | 0.882 | ||||
CEBPA-AS1 | Up | N/A | N/A | 0.785 | ||||
AK001058 | Up | N/A | N/A | 0.852 | ||||
Combined | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.921 | ||||
TINCR | Diagnostic | Up | 80 patients with GC and 80 healthy controls | 69% | 56% | 0.66 | Plasma | [66] |
CCAT2 | Up | 85% | 51% | 0.63 | ||||
AOC4P | Up | 86% | 41% | 0.67 | ||||
BANCR | Up | 75% | 78% | 0.81 | ||||
LINC00857 | Up | 93% | 26% | 0.61 | ||||
Combined | N/A | 82% | 87% | 0.91 | ||||
FAM49B-AS | Diagnostic | Up | 223 patients with GC and 223 healthy controls | N/A | N/A | 0.609 | Plasma | [101] |
GUSBP11 | Up | N/A | N/A | 0.635 | ||||
CTDHUT | Up | N/A | N/A | 0.762 | ||||
Combined | N/A | 77.5% | 73.9% | 0.818 | ||||
United CA242, CA724 | N/A | 93.2% | 86.6% | 0.952 | ||||
H19 | Diagnostic | Up | 32 patients with GC and 30 healthy controls | 68.75% | 56.67% | 0.724 | Plasma | [102] |
United CEA | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.804 | ||||
CTC-497E21.4 | Diagnostic | Up | 110 patients with GC and 84 healthy controls | 81.82% | 75.00% | 0.848 | Serum | [103] |
United CEA, CA199 | N/A | 96.36% | 42.86% | 0.896 | ||||
Exosomal HOTTIP | Diagnostic | Up | 126 patients with GC and 120 healthy controls | 69.8% | 85.0% | 0.827 | Serum | [104] |
United CEA, CA199, CA724 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.870 |
LncRNAs in plasma/serum as prognostic biomarkers of gastric cancer
Exosomal lncRNAs in plasma/serum as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of gastric cancer
LncRNAs in gastric juice as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of gastric cancer
LncRNA-mediated regulation of chemoresistance in gastric cancer
LncRNA | Effection | Drugs | Pathway/target | Mechanism | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MALAT1 | Inducing | 5-FU, DDP, VCR | miR-23B-3P, ATG12, miR-30b, ATG5, SOX2, nanog | CeRNA, Inducing autophagy, Increasing cancer stemness | |
AK022798 | Inducing | DDP | caspase8, caspase3, MRP1 | Inhibiting cell apoptosis, Regulating MDR-related genes | [124] |
CRAL | Reversing | DDP | miR-505, CYLD, PI3K/AKT | CeRNA, Promoting DNA damage and apoptosis | [125] |
ROR | Inducing | ADR, VCR | MRP1 | Inhibiting cell apoptosis, Regulating MDR-related genes | [126] |
XLOC_006753 | Inducing | 5-FU, DDP | PI3K/AKT/mTOR, caspase9, Wnt/β-catenin, Vimentin, Snail | Inhibiting cell apoptosis, Promoting EMT | [127] |
MACC1-AS1 | Inducing | 5-FU, OXA | miR-145-5p, CD133, OCT4, SOX2, LIN28 | CeRNA, Increasing cancer stemness | [128] |
D63785 | Inducing | DOX | miR-422a, MEF2D | CeRNA, Inhibiting cell apoptosis | [129] |
LINC01433 | Inducing | DOX, DDP | YAP, USP9X | Inhibiting cell apoptosis | [130] |
HOXD-AS1 | Inducing | DDP | EZH2, PDCD4, H3K27me3 | Epigenetically silencing PDCD4 via recruiting EZH2 | [131] |
HULC | Reversing | DDP, ADM, 5-FU | FOXM1 | Suppressing autophagy, Promoting cell apoptosis | |
PCAT-1 | Inducing | DDP | miR-128, ZEB1, EZH2, PTEN, H3K27me3 | CeRNA, Promoting EMT, Epigenetically silencing PTEN via recruiting EZH2 | |
CASC2 | Reversing | DDP | miR-19a | CeRNA, Promoting cell apoptosis | [136] |
HOTAIR | Inducing | DDP, 5-FU, ADM, MMC, PTX | miR-17-5p, PTEN, miR-217, miR-34a, PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin miR-126 | CeRNA, Promoting EMT, Regulating MDR-related genes, Inhibiting cell apoptosis, Promoting cell proliferation | |
THOR | Inducing | DDP | SOX9 | Increasing cancer stemness | [141] |
BLACAT1 | Inducing | OXA | miR-361, ABCB1 | CeRNA, Inhibiting apoptosis and promoting invasion, Regulating MDR-related genes | [142] |
GHET1 | Inducing | DDP | BAK, BCL-2, MDR1, MRP1 | Inhibiting cell apoptosis, Regulating MDR-related genes | [143] |
ANRIL | Inducing | 5-FU, DDP | MDR1, MRP1 | Regulating MDR-related genes | [144] |
UCA1 | Inducing | ADM, DDP, 5-FU | PARP, BCL-2, miR-27b, caspase-3 | CeRNA, Inhibiting cell apoptosis | |
PVT1 | Inducing | PTX, 5-FU, DDP | BCL-2, MDR1, MRP1, mTOR, HIF-1α | Inhibiting cell apoptosis | |
MRUL | Inducing | ADM, VCR | ABCB1 | Inhibiting cell apoptosis | [149] |
SNHG5 | Inducing | DDP | BCL-2, BAX, MDR1, MRP1 | Inhibiting cell apoptosis, Regulating MDR-related genes | [150] |
DANCR | Inducing | DDP | MDR1, MRP1 | Inhibiting cell apoptosis, Regulating MDR-related genes | [151] |
FAM84B-AS | Inducing | DDP | FAM84B, caspase3, caspase7, caspase9, BCL2, BCL-xL | Inhibiting cell apoptosis | [152] |
BCAR4 | Inducing | DDP | Wnt/β-catenin, Nanog, OCT3/4, SOX2, c-Myc, KLF4 | Increasing cancer stemness | [153] |
NEAT1 | Inducing | ADM | N/A | Inhibiting cell apoptosis, Promoting invasion | [154] |
LEIGC | Reversing | 5-FU | CDH1, E-cad, Vimentin, Twist, Slug, ZEB1, Snail | Inhibiting EMT | [155] |
CASC9 | Inducing | ADM, PTX | MDR1 | Inhibiting cell apoptosis, Promoting cell proliferation | [156] |
HOTTIP | Inducing | DDP, ADM, 5-FU | E-cad, ZO1, N-cad, Vimentin, ZEB1, Twist | Promoting EMT | [157] |
HCP5 | Inducing | OXA, 5-FU | MiR-3619-5p, SOX2, OCT4, LIN28, CD1331 | CeRNA, Increasing cancer stemness | [158] |