Introduction
Materials and methods
Study design
Ethics approval and consent to participate
Participant assessment
Study questionnaires
Cardiac rehabilitation program
Statistical analysis
Results
Participants
CR | NCR | Sig. (p =) | |
---|---|---|---|
Patient demographics | |||
Number of participants: (M/F) | 107 (69/41) | 111 (65/46) | 0.526 |
Age years: mean (SD) | 69.01 (11.1) | 68.62 (11.0) | 0.799 |
BMI (SD) | 29.83 (6.15) | 30.10 (6.5) | 0.753 |
Past medical history of: | |||
T2 diabetes (n) | 82 | 85 | 0.992 |
Hypertension | 88 | 93 | 0.957 |
CHF | 60 | 60 | 0.764 |
Smoking | 91 | 100 | 0.258 |
NYHA class (SD) | 1.97 (0.9) | 1.93 (0.9) | 0.743 |
Procedure typea | |||
CAG | 44 | 46 | 0.962 |
Aortic valve | 56 | 57 | 0.883 |
Mitral valve | 17 | 20 | 0.675 |
Percutaneous/TAVI | 5 | 6 | 0.805 |
Hospital readmission (all cause) | 27 | 26 | 0.755 |
SF12 health related quality of life (HRQOL)
CR Group | N = | Mean | SD | Sig. from CR baseline | Sig. from CR 30d | Sig. from NCR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SF12 physical QOL | ||||||
Baseline | 97 | 37.51 | 11.21 | – | – | p = 0.476 |
30d | 97 | 41.97 | 8.75 | p = 0.002 | – | p = 0.830 |
180d | 107 | 47.36 | 10.00 | p = 0.000 | p = 0.000 | p = 0.617 |
SF12 mental QOL | ||||||
Baseline | 97 | 45.97 | 12.29 | – | – | p = 0.229 |
30d | 97 | 53.03 | 10.86 | p = 0.000 | – | p = 0.114 |
180d | 107 | 53.91 | 9.32 | p = 0.000 | p = 0.548 | p = 0.591 |
NCR Group | N = | Mean | SD | Sig. from NCR baseline | Sig. from NCR 30d | Sig. from CR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SF12 physical QOL | ||||||
Baseline | 96 | 36.42 | 9.93 | – | – | p = 0.476 |
30d | 96 | 41.71 | 8.04 | p = 0.000 | – | p = 0.830 |
180d | 111 | 46.67 | 10.31 | p = 0.000 | p = 0.000 | p = 0.617 |
SF12 mental QOL | ||||||
Baseline | 96 | 47.98 | 10.74 | – | – | p = 0.229 |
30d | 96 | 55.21 | 7.99 | p = 0.000 | – | p = 0.114 |
180d | 111 | 54.59 | 9.32 | p = 0.000 | p = 0.672 | p = 0.591 |
Barriers to participation
CR (n = 87) | NCR (n = 85) | Sig | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
30d | |||||
Question | |||||
Q1: Not been informed about the rehab program | 4.03 | 1.04 | 3.20 | 1.19 | p < 0.001 |
Q2: Long waiting list for rehab program | 3.93 | 0.87 | 3.28 | 0.75 | p < 0.001 |
Q3: Not been contacted by rehab staff | 4.01 | 0.92 | 2.98 | 1.21 | p < 0.001 |
Q4: Lack of support/referral from doctor | 3.99 | 0.92 | 3.31 | 1.06 | p < 0.001 |
Q5: Doctor said it was unnecessary | 4.13 | 0.73 | 3.66 | 0.82 | p < 0.001 |
Q6: Personally thought it was unnecessary | 4.06 | 1.03 | 2.68 | 1.15 | p < 0.001 |
Q7: Too far from home | 3.83 | 0.96 | 3.12 | 1.11 | p < 0.001 |
Q8: Do not have time | 4.08 | 0.71 | 3.38 | 0.99 | p < 0.001 |
Q9: Rehab class time is not suitable | 3.91 | 0.88 | 3.29 | 0.77 | p < 0.001 |
Q10: Lack of family support | 4.19 | 0.74 | 3.68 | 0.94 | p < 0.001 |
Q11: Lack of motivation | 4.06 | 0.94 | 2.89 | 1.15 | p < 0.001 |
Q12: Fear of further pain | 3.98 | 1.02 | 3.78 | 0.93 | p = 1.000 |
Q13: Language difficulties | 4.40 | 0.72 | 4.14 | 0.94 | p = 0.147 |
Q14: Conflict with work | 4.16 | 0.74 | 3.82 | 0.85 | p = 0.047 |
Q15: You do not like group activities | 3.91 | 0.88 | 2.93 | 1.12 | p < 0.001 |
Q16: Difficulty of finding parking | 3.34 | 1.34 | 3.06 | 0.89 | p = 0.558 |
Total | 63.27 | 9.57 | 53.20 | 6.44 | p < 0.001 |
CR (n = 103) | NCR (n = 108) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
180d | |||||
Question | |||||
Q1: Not been informed about the rehab program | 3.96 | 0.95 | 3.61 | 1.02 | p = 0.095 |
Q2: Long waiting list for rehab program | 4.06 | 0.65 | 3.55 | 0.65 | p < 0.001 |
Q3: Not been contacted by rehab staff | 4.08 | 0.70 | 3.48 | 1.03 | p < 0.001 |
Q4: Lack of support/referral from doctor | 4.03 | 0.69 | 3.74 | 0.85 | p = 0.101 |
Q5: Doctor said it was unnecessary | 4.18 | 0.54 | 3.67 | 0.82 | p < 0.001 |
Q6: Personally thought it was unnecessary | 4.03 | 0.93 | 2.61 | 1.10 | p < 0.001 |
Q7: Too far from home | 3.96 | 0.74 | 3.19 | 1.07 | p < 0.001 |
Q8: Do not have time | 4.06 | 0.62 | 3.54 | 1.02 | p < 0.001 |
Q9: Rehab class time is not suitable | 4.02 | 0.58 | 3.31 | 0.76 | p < 0.001 |
Q10: Lack of family support | 4.18 | 0.59 | 3.91 | 0.69 | p = 0.042 |
Q11: Lack of motivation | 3.90 | 0.96 | 2.94 | 1.15 | p < 0.001 |
Q12: Fear of further pain | 4.05 | 0.87 | 3.81 | 0.87 | p = 0.390 |
Q13: Language difficulties | 4.34 | 0.65 | 4.24 | 0.72 | p = 1.000 |
Q14: Conflict with work | 4.09 | 0.63 | 3.74 | 0.94 | p = 0.011 |
Q15: You do not like group activities | 3.88 | 0.76 | 3.03 | 1.14 | p < 0.001 |
Q16: Difficulty of finding parking | 3.41 | 1.26 | 3.17 | 0.92 | p = 0.701 |
Total | 64.23 | 5.99 | 55.54 | 6.35 | p < 0.001 |