Introduction
Rheumatoid arthritis
Nuclear factor-κB
The canonical NF-κB pathway
The non-canonical NF-κB pathway
Non-canonical NF-κB signaling in rheumatoid arthritis
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
B cells and plasma cells
T cells
Osteoclasts
Synovial fibroblasts
Endothelial cells
Targeting the non-canonical NF-κB pathway in rheumatoid arthritis
Ligand
|
Receptor
|
Biologic
|
Type of agent
|
Activity of biologic
|
Stage of development
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BAFF | BAFF-R | Belimumab (Benlysta; Human Genome Sciences/GlaxoSmithKline) | Human BAFF-specific antibody | Antagonist | Phase II |
Tabalumab/LY2127399 | Human BAFF-specific antibody | Antagonist | Phase II | ||
CD40L | CD40 | BI 655064 | Humanized CD40-specific antibody | Antagonist | Phase I in progress |
- | LTβR | Baminercept | Human LTβR-IgG1 fusion protein | Antagonist | Phase II |
LTα | LTβR | Patecluzimab | Humanized LTα-specific antibody | Depleting and antagonist | Phase II in progress |
RANKL | RANK | Denosumab (Prolia/Xgeva; Amgen) | Human RANKL-specific antibody | Antagonist | Phase II |