Background
Methods
Project
The European Medical Information Framework for AD
Sample selection
Ethical considerations
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Data collection
Neuropsychological testing battery and questionnaires
Physical examination
Demographic |
n
| Combined sample |
n
| Amsterdam site |
n
| Manchester site |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 285) | (n = 204) | (n = 81) | ||||
Age (years) | 285 | 75.0 (9.7) (range 60–95) | 204 | 70.8 (7.8) (range 60–94) | 81 | 85.7 (4.3)*** (range 79–95) |
Gender (% female) | 285 | 182 (64%) | 204 | 119 (58%) | 81 | 63 (78%)** |
Education (years) | 278 | 14.8 (4.2) | 204 | 14.9 (4.5) | 74 | 14.2 (3.0) |
NART | 285 | 41.9 (6.0) | 204 | 41.2 (6.4) | 81 | 43.7 (4.3)*** |
MMSE | 281 | 28.9 (1.2) | 204 | 28.9 (1.2) | 77 | 28.7 (1.3) |
TICS-m | 282 | 28.3 (3.2) | 204 | 28.3 (3.0) | 78 | 28.5 (3.7) |
CERAD 10-word recall | 285 | 22.8 (3.3) | 204 | 22.0 (3.0) | 81 | 24.8 (3.3)*** |
GDS | 282 | 1.0 (1.5) | 204 | 0.7 (1.2) | 78 | 1.9 (1.7)*** |
CDR total | 284 | 0 (0.1) | 204 | 0 | 80 | 0.03 (0.1)* |
CDR sum of boxes | 284 | 0.03 (0.1) | 204 | 0 | 80 | 0.1 (0.3)** |
APOE e4 carrier | 282 | 85 (30%) | 202 | 66 (33%) | 80 | 19 (24%) |
APOE4 genotype | 282 | 202 | 80 | |||
e2e2 | 2 (1%) | 2 (1%) | – | |||
e2e3 | 24 (9%) | 12 (6%) | 12 (15%) | |||
e2e4 | 9 (3%) | 6 (3%) | 3 (4%) | |||
e3e3 | 171 (61%) | 122 (60%) | 49 (61%) | |||
e3e4 | 69 (25%) | 54 (27%) | 15 (19%) | |||
e4e4 | 7 (3) | 6 (3%) | 1 (1%) | |||
Family history dementia | 273 | 106 (39%) | 203 | 92 (45%) | 70 | 14 (20%)*** |
Diabetes type II |
–
|
–
| 204 | 13 (6%) |
–
|
–
|
Current smoker | 281 | 23 (8%) | 203 | 21 (10%) | 78 | 2 (3%) |
Alcohol use present | 282 | 224 (79%) | 204 | 158 (77%) | 78 | 66 (85%) |
Blood pressure (mmHg) | 281 | 152 (21)/80 (12) | 202 | 155 (21)/83 (11) | 79 | 143 (19)/70 (10)*** |
Pulse rate (beats/min) | 279 | 66 (11) | 202 | 65 (11) | 77 | 69 (10)** |
Height (m) | 283 | 1.66 (0.10) | 204 | 1.69 (0.09) | 79 | 1.60 (0.08)*** |
Weight (kg) | 283 | 73.1 (14.0) | 204 | 75.7 (13.6) | 79 | 66.6 (13.0)*** |
Body mass index | 283 | 26.3 (4.0) | 204 | 26.4 (3.8) | 79 | 26.1 (4.3) |
Waist circumference (cm) | 282 | 93.4 (13.6) | 203 | 94.7 (12.0) | 79 | 89.9 (16.6)** |
Hip circumference (cm) | 234 | 101.9 (11.4) | 155 | 102.6 (9.8) | 79 | 100.5 (14.0) |
Grip strength (kg) | 283 | 28.5 (11.3) | 204 | 30.9 (10.9) | 79 | 22.2 (9.8)*** |
CSF Aβ1–42 (pg/ml) |
–
|
–
| 126 | 889 (314) | – |
–
|
CSF Aβ1–40 (pg/ml) |
–
|
–
| 126 | 9592 (2844) | – |
–
|
Ratio CSF Aβ1–42/1–40 |
–
|
–
| 126 | 0.10 (0.03) | – |
–
|
CSF total-tau (pg/ml) | – | – | 126 | 412 (143) | – |
–
|
CSF p-tau 181 (pg/ml) | – | – | 126 | 76 (44) | – |
–
|
Visual read PET abnormal | 272 | 58 (22%) | 196 | 32 (16%) | 76 | 26 (34%)** |
Fazekas score | 279 | 1.3 (0.9) | 199 | 1.2 (0.8) | 80 | 1.7 (0.8)*** |
Medial temporal lobe atrophy score (average left and right) | 277 | 0.7 (0.7) | 197 | 0.6 (0.7) | 80 | 0.9 (0.6)* |
Parietal atrophy (average left and right) | 279 | 1.1 (0.7) | 199 | 1.1. (0.7) | 80 | 1.2 (0.6)* |