Background
Methods
Bacterial isolates
Antibiotic susceptibility testing
Genomic DNA extraction
Detection and characterization of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons
Gene | Primer | Sequence (5′-3′) | Amplification Product (bp) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
intI1
| IntI1-F | TCTCGGGTAACATCAAGG | 254 | [11] |
IntI-R | AGGAGATCCGAAGACCTC | |||
intI2
| IntI2-F | CACGGATATGCGACAAAAAGG | 788 | [12] |
IntI2-R | TGTAGCAAACGAGTGACGAAATG | |||
intI3
| IntI3-F | AGTGGGTGGCGAATGAGTG | 600 | [13] |
IntI3-R | TGTTCTTGTATCGGCAGGTG | |||
5′CS | 5′CS-F | GGCATCCAAGCAGCAAG | Variable | [14] |
3′CS | 3′CS-R | AAGCAGACTTGACCTGA | ||
attI2
| attI2-F | GACGGCATGCACGATTTGTA | Variable | [14] |
orfX
| orfX-R | GATGCCATCGCAAGTACGAG |
Detection and characterization of integrons internal variable region genes
DNA sequencing and integrons gene cassettes analysis
Results
Source | Isolate (N) (%) | intI1 (No = 150) | Cs1 (No = 132) | NO. of Integrons Class1 | Integron Sizes(s) (bp) | Inserted Cassette(s) | Groups of Cassettes Arrays of Integrons Class 1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Urine | 14 (9.3) | + | – | – | – | NO cassette | A |
25 (16.6) | + | + | 2 | 708 | dfrA5, dfrA30 | B | |
3 (2.0) | + | + | 1 | 1002 |
aadA2
| C | |
13 (8.7) | + | + | 2 | 1500 | aadA2, dfrA12 | D | |
10 (6.7) | + | + | 3 | 1610 | dfrA17, aadA5, aadA4 | E | |
7 (4.6) | + | + | 3 | 708,1002 | dfrA5, dfrA30, aadA2 | F | |
13 (8.7) | + | + | 4 | 708,1500 | dfrA5, dfrA30, aadA2, dfrA12 | G | |
2 (1.3) | + | + | 5 | 708, 1610 | dfrA5, dfrA30, dfrA17, aadA5, aadA4 | H | |
4 (2.6) | + | + | 3 | 1002,1500 | aadA2, aadA2, dfrA12 | I | |
8 (5.3) | + | + | 5 | 708,1002, 1500 | dfrA5, dfrA30, aadA2, aadA2, dfrA12 | J | |
Respiratory | 3 (2.0) | + | + | – | NO cassette | A | |
15 (10) | + | + | 2 | 708 | dfrA5, dfrA30 | B | |
1 (0.7) | + | + | 1 | 1002 |
aadA2
| C | |
10 (6.7) | + | + | 2 | 1500 | aadA2, dfrA12 | D | |
6 (4.0) | + | + | 3 | 1610 | dfrA17, aadA5, aadA4 | E | |
2 (1.3) | + | + | 3 | 708,1002 | dfrA5, dfrA30, aadA2 | F | |
1 (0.7) | + | + | 4 | 708,1500 | dfrA5, dfrA30, aadA2, dfrA12 | G | |
1 (0.7) | + | + | 3 | 1002,1500 | aadA2, aadA2, dfrA12 | I | |
1 (0.7) | + | + | 5 | 708,1002, 1500 | dfrA5, dfrA30, aadA2, aadA2, dfrA12 | J | |
Blood | 1 (0.7) | + | + | 3 | 1610 | dfrA17, aadA5, aadA4 | E |
1 (0.7) | + | + | 3 | 708,1002 | dfrA5, dfrA30, aadA2 | F | |
Wound | 3 (2.0) | + | + | 2 | 708 | dfrA5, dfrA30 | B |
3 (2.0) | + | + | 3 | 1610 | dfrA17, aadA5, aadA4 | E | |
CSF | 1 (0.7) | + | + | – | NO cassette | A | |
Catheter | 2 (1.3) | + | + | 2 | 1500 | aadA2, dfrA12 | D |
Source | Isolate N (%) | intI2 (No = 55) | Cs2 (No = 37) | NO. of Integrons Class 2 | Integron Sizes(s) (bp) | Inserted Cassette(s) | Groups of Cassettes Arrays of Integrons Class 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Urine | 12 (21.9) | + | – | – | – | NO cassette | a |
7 (12.7) | + | + | 1 | 1000 |
aadA1
| b | |
6 (10.9) | + | + | 2 | 1500 |
dfrA1-sat1
| c | |
7 (12.7) | + | + | 3 | 1000,1500 | aadA1, dfrA1-sat1 | d | |
Respiratory | 3 (5.5) | + | – | – | – | NO cassette | a |
3 (5.5) | + | + | 1 | 1000 |
aadA1
| b | |
6 (10.9) | + | + | 2 | 1500 |
dfrA1-sat1
| c | |
4 (7.3) | + | + | 3 | 1000,1500 | aadA1, dfrA1-sat1 | d | |
Blood | 1 (1.8) | + | – | – | – | NO cassette | a |
1 (1.8) | + | + | 3 | 1000,1500 | aadA1, dfrA1-sat1 | d | |
Wound | 2 (3.6) | + | – | – | – | NO cassette | a |
1 (1.8) | + | + | 1 | 1000 |
aadA1
| b | |
2 (3.6) | + | + | 3 | 1000,1500 | aadA1, dfrA1-sat1 | d |