Background
Methods
Study design
Recruitment and participants
BEPAS seniors
Busschaert study
Measures
Self-reported sedentary behaviors
Physical and mental health outcomes
Socio-demographic characteristics
Statistical analysis
Results
Sample characteristics
Total (n = 696) | Men (n = 323) | Women (n = 373) | Significance of difference | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic characteristics | ||||
Age: years, mean (SD) | 74.2 (6.2) | 73.7 (5.8) | 74.6 (6.5) | T = 1.86, p = 0.07a |
Family situation | ||||
% having a partner | 67.4% | 81.1% | 55.5% | X2 = 51.12, p < 0.001b |
% having children | 88.5% | 88.2% | 88.7% | X2 = 0.04, p = 0.83b |
Educational level | ||||
% with college/university degree | 33.2% | 36.4% | 30.4% | X2 = 2.88, p = 0.09b |
Sedentary behaviors | ||||
Television time: min/day, median (Q1-Q3) | 180.0 (90.0–240.0) | 180.0 (90.0–240.0) | 180.0 (90.0–240.0) | Z = -1.01, p = 0.31c |
Computer time: min/day, median (Q1-Q3) | 2.6 (0–60.0) | 25.7 (0–90.0) | 0 (0–34.3) | Z = -5.36, p < 0.001c |
Transport-related sitting time: min/day, median (Q1-Q3) | 22.5 (8.6–38.6) | 25.7 (11.8–46.1) | 21.4 (8.6–37.3) | Z = -2.82, p = 0.01c |
Sitting for reading: min/day, median (Q1-Q3) | 57.9 (28.9–90.0) | 60.0 (30.0–90.0) | 45.0 (22.5–90.0) | Z = -2.34, p = 0.02c |
Sitting for hobbies: min/day, median (Q1-Q3) | 5.4 (0–45) | 0.0 (0–32.1) | 16.1 (0–51.4) | Z = -3.88, p < 0.001c |
Sitting for socializing: min/day, median (Q1-Q3) | 30.0 (8.6–60.0) | 30.0 (8.6–64.3) | 30.0 (8.6–60.0) | Z = -0.50, p = 0.62c |
Sitting for meals: min/day, median (Q1-Q3) | 90 (60.0–90.0) | 90.0 (60.0–90.0) | 90 (90–90) | Z = -0.71, p = 0.48c |
Health-related outcomes | ||||
Body mass index: kg/m2, mean (SD) | 24.3 (4.6) | 25.4 (4.1) | 23.9 (4.9) | T = -4.17, p < 0.001a |
Waist circumference: cm, mean (SD) | 95.6 (13.0) | 101.1 (11.0) | 90.9 (12.8) | T = -10.91, p < 0.001a |
Grip strength: kg, mean (SD) | 28.3 (10.8) | 36.0 (9.9) | 21.6 (6.1) | T = -21.79, p < 0.001a |
Physical health-related QOL: mean (SD) | 47.6 (9.1) | 48.8 (8.5) | 46.6 (9.5) | T = -3.09, p = 0.002a |
Mental health-related QOL score: mean (SD) | 49.1 (8.5) | 50.0 (7.5) | 48.2 (9.3) | T = -2.82, p = 0.01a |
Sex-specific typologies of older adults’ sedentary behavior
Men: television time, computer time, transport-related sitting time, sitting for reading, sitting for hobbies, sitting for socializing and sitting for meals | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fit statistics | Profile Membership Distribution | |||||||
SABIC | BLRT | Entropy | Profile 1 | Profile 2 | Profile 3 | Profile 4 | Profile 5 | |
Two-profile | 23,377.451 | P < 0.001 | 0.96 | 0.11 | 0.89 | |||
Three-profile | 23,245.837 | P < 0.001 | 0.94 | 0.11 | 0.78 | 0.11 | ||
Four-profile | 23,227.428 | P < 0.001 | 0.87 | 0.58 | 0.10 | 0.21 | 0.11 | |
Five-profile | 23,219.869 | P < 0.001 | 0.83 | 0.22 | 0.45 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.9 |
Typology 1 (22.0%) – high transport sitting | Typology 2 (44.6%) – low sitting | Typology 3 (13.6%) – high social sitting | Typology 4 (11.1%) – high hobbies sitting | Typology 5 (8.7%) – high computer and transport sitting | Significance of difference^ | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TV time (min/day) | 147.15 (91.69)c,d | 177.63 (98.70) | 213.24 (96.06)a | 211.90 (112.01)a | 148.74 (88.71) | F = 4.92, p = 0.001 |
Computer time (min/day) | 53.98 (53.52)c,e | 35.72 (47.21)e | 21.47 (42.36)a,d,e | 55.22 (74.29)c,e | 269.08 (45.51)a,b,c,d | F = 129.54, p < 0.001 |
Transport-related sitting time (min/day) | 54.26 (7.77)b,c,d,e | 19.57 (11.31)a,c,e | 12.45 (10.24)a,b,d,e | 22.42 (17.58)a,c,e | 43.89 (19.87)a,b,c,d | F = 127.62, p < 0.001 |
Sitting for reading (min/day) | 65.92 (43.64) | 58.65 (44.60) | 76.30 (48.05) | 78.39 (42.96) | 67.42 (48.44) | F = 2.22, p = 0.067 |
Sitting for hobbies (min/day) | 13.61 (60.95)d | 11.31 (17.86)d | 8.23 (15.71)d | 110.73 (30.12)a,b,c,e | 9.95 (19.11)d | F = 196.16, p < 0.001 |
Sitting for socializing (min/day) | 48.86 (33.66)b,c | 18.73 (17.86) a,c,d,e | 89.63 (13.30) a,b,d,e | 42.79 (39.06)b,c | 44.89 (32.11)b,c | F = 66.98, p < 0.001 |
Sitting for meals (min/day) | 92.61 (32.88)b | 75.13 (31.24)a | 87.89 (29.79) | 81.53 (32.60) | 79.64 (36.49) | F = 4.01, p = 0.003 |
Total sitting time (min/day) | 479.39 (131.49)b,d,e | 396.75 (123.44)a,c,d,e | 509.21 (124.43)b,d,e | 602.98 (168.91)a,b,c | 663.61 (123.56)a,b,c | F = 36.64, p < 0.001 |
Women:: television time, transport-related sitting time, sitting for reading, sitting for hobbies, sitting for socializing and sitting for meals | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fit statistics | Profile membership distribution | |||||||
SABIC | BLRT | Entropy | Profile 1 | Profile 2 | Profile 3 | Profile 4 | Profile 5 | |
Two-profile | 26,587.681 | P < 0.001 | 0.98 | 0.92 | 0.08 | |||
Three-profile | 26,524.772 | P < 0.001 | 0.88 | 0.69 | 0.08 | 0.24 | ||
Four-profile | 26,378.155 | P < 0.001 | 0.94 | 0.13 | 0.73 | 0.10 | 0.04 | |
Five-profile | 26,383.319 | P < 0.001 | 0.89 | 0.15 | 0.62 | 0.15 | 0.06 | 0.02 |
Typology 1 (63.5%) – low sitting | Typology 2 (10.7%) – high hobbies sitting | Typology 3 (25.7%) – high transport sitting | Significance of difference^ | |
---|---|---|---|---|
TV time (min/day) | 191.8 (101.45)c | 222.6 (105.7)c | 154.7 (95.1)a,b | F = 7.72, p = 0.001 |
Transport-related sitting time (min/day) | 15.0 (10.0)c | 16.2 (11.5)c | 50.4 (9.5)a,b | F = 438.16, p < 0.001 |
Sitting for reading (min/day) | 57.2 (44.3) | 59.5 (52.5) | 60.4 (42.6) | F = 0.20, p = 0.823 |
Sitting for hobbies (min/day) | 17.8 (21.9)b | 126.0 (32.5)a,c | 24.8 (29.9)b | F = 314.21, p < 0.001 |
Sitting for socializing (min/day) | 34.0 (31.9) | 46.7 (39.1) | 43.1 (31.7) | F = 4.36, P = 0.013 |
Sitting for meals (min/day) | 80.1 (31.8) | 82.2 (39.9) | 80.0 (29.4) | F = 0.08, p = 0.923 |
Total sitting time (min/day) | 395.84 (122.67)b | 553.29 (135.34)a,c | 413.33 (112.84)b | F = 28.73, p < 0.001 |
Differences in health-related outcomes and socio-demographic characteristics between typologies in men
Typology 1 (22.0%) – high transport sitting | Typology 2 (44.6%) – low sitting | Typology 3 (13.6%) – high social sitting | Typology 4 (11.1%) – high hobbies sitting | Typology 5 (8.7%) – high computer and transport sitting | Significance of difference^ | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Health-related outcomes | ||||||
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.2 (4.0) | 25.0 (4.2)c | 26.3 (4.5)b | 26.0 (4.4) | 25.3 (3.3) | F = 1.10, p = 0.358 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 100.7 (10.4) | 100.9 (11.1) | 102.0 (11.2) | 100.3 (12.1) | 102.7 (11.4) | F = 0.25, p = 0.909 |
Grip strength (kg) | 38.6 (9.4)d | 35.8 (10.2) | 33.5 (10.4) | 33.8 (7.9)a,e | 40.4 (9.3)d | F = 1.52, p = 0.196 |
Physical health-related QOL | 51.2 (8.2)d | 48.8 (8.4) | 48.2 (8.0) | 46.0 (8.3)a | 48.9 (9.9) | F = 1.80, p = 0.129 |
Mental health-related QOL | 51.2 (8.3)b | 48.9 (7.9)a,e | 50.0 (6.3) | 50.8 (4.8) | 52.1 (7.5)b | F = 1.30, p = 0.270 |
Socio-demographic characteristics | ||||||
Age: years, mean (SD) | 72.5 (5.2)c | 74.3 (6.3)e | 76.1 (5.5)a,e | 73.8 (5.3) | 70.4 (3.8)b,c | F = 5.33, p < 0.001 |
Family situation | ||||||
% having a partner | 87.3% | 79.2% | 74.4% | 75.0% | 92.9% | X2 = 6.78, p = 0.15 |
% having children | 91.5% | 84.7% | 83.7% | 91.7% | 100.0% | X2 = 7.43, p = 0.12 |
Educational level | ||||||
% with college/university degree | 14.1% | 10.6% | 7.1% | 27.8% | 17.9% | X2 = 15.69, p = 0.04 |
Differences in health-related outcomes and socio-demographic characteristics between typologies in women
Typology 1 (63.5%) – low sitting | Typology 2 (10.7%) – high hobbies sitting | Typology 3 (25.7%) – high transport sitting | Significance of difference^ | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Health-related outcomes | ||||
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.5 (5.1)b | 26.3 (4.0)a,c | 23.4 (4.3)b | F = 5.22, p = 0.006 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 89.9 (12.7)b | 95.3 (14.5)a | 90.5 (12.2) | F = 2.71, p = 0.068 |
Grip strength (kg) | 21.3 (6.2)c | 20.7 (4.4)c | 23.4 (6.3)a,b | F = 2.15, p = 0.118 |
Physical health-related QOL | 46.1 (9.9)c | 44.1 (8.3)c | 49.3 (8.3)a,b | F = 3.54, p = 0.030 |
Mental health-related QOL | 48.0 (9.5) | 46.2 (8.9)c | 49.1 (8.7)b | F = 1.50, p = 0.225 |
Socio-demographic characteristics | ||||
Age: years, mean (SD) | 75.1 (6.7)c | 75.1 (6.1) | 73.1 (5.9)a | F = 3.67, p = 0.027 |
Family situation | ||||
% having a partner | 55.9% | 51.3% | 56.2% | X2 = 0.32, p = 0.85 |
% having children | 89.9% | 89.7% | 85.4% | X2 = 1.40, p = 0.50 |
Educational level | ||||
% with college/university degree | 22.9% | 11.4% | 16.5% | X2 = 3.48, p = 0.18 |