nach oben

Sports Medicine

Erschienen in:

01.08.2008 | Review Article

Autonomic Control of Heart Rate during and after Exercise

Measurements and Implications for Monitoring Training Status

verfasst von: Jill Borresen, Prof Michael I. Lambert

Erschienen in: Sports Medicine | Ausgabe 8/2008

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Endurance training decreases resting and submaximal heart rate, while maximum heart rate may decrease slightly or remain unchanged after training. The effect of endurance training on various indices of heart rate variability remains inconclusive. This may be due to the use of inconsistent analysis methodologies and different training programmes that make it difficult to compare the results of various studies and thus reach a consensus on the specific training effects on heart rate variability. Heart rate recovery after exercise involves a coordinated interaction of parasympathetic re-activation and sympathetic withdrawal. It has been shown that a delayed heart rate recovery is a strong predictor of mortality. Conversely, endurance-trained athletes have an accelerated heart rate recovery after exercise. Since the autonomic nervous system is interlinked with many other physiological systems, the responsiveness of the autonomic nervous system in maintaining homeostasis may provide useful information about the functional adaptations of the body. This review investigates the potential of using heart rate recovery as a measure of training-induced disturbances in autonomic control, which may provide useful information for training prescription.

Williams JG, Eston RG. Determination of the intensity dimension in vigorous exercise programmes with particular reference to the use of the rating of perceived exertion. Sports Med 1989; 8(3): 177–89PubMedCrossRef

Budgett R. Fatigue and underperformance in athletes: the overtraining syndrome. Br J Sports Med 1998; 32(2): 107–10PubMedCrossRef

Uusitalo ALT. Overtraining: making a difficult diagnosis and implementing targeted treatment. Phys Sportsmed 2001; 29(5): 35–50PubMedCrossRef

Angeli A, Minetto M, Dovio A, et al. The overtraining syndrome in athletes: a stress-related disorder. J Endocrinol Invest 2004; 27(6): 603–12PubMed

Beard J, Tobin B. Iron status and exercise. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 72(2 Suppl.): 594S–7SPubMed

Wilkinson JG, Martin DT, Adams AA, et al. Iron status in cyclists during high-intensity interval training and recovery.Int J Sports Med 2002; 23(8): 544–8PubMedCrossRef

Smith DJ, Roberts D. Effects of high volume and/or intense exercise on selected blood chemistry parameters. Clin Biochem 1994; 27(6): 435–40PubMedCrossRef

Dickson DN, Wilkinson RL, Noakes TD. Effects of ultra marathon training and racing on hematologic parameters and serum ferritin levels in well-trained athletes. Int J Sports Med 1982; 3(2): 111–7PubMedCrossRef

Balaban EP, Snell P, Stray-Gundersen J, et al. The effect of running on serum and red cell ferritin: a longitudinal comparison. Int J Sports Med 1995; 16(5): 278–82

10.

Bourque SP, Pate RR, Branch JD. Twelve weeks of endurance exercise training does not affect iron status measures in women. J Am Diet Assoc 1997; 97(10): 1116–21PubMedCrossRef

11.

Meeusen R, Piacentini MF, Busschaert B, et al. Hormonal responses in athletes: the use of a two bout exercise protocol to detect subtle differences in (over)training status. Eur J Appl Physiol 2004; 91(2-3): 140–6PubMedCrossRef

12.

Urhausen A, Gabriel H, Kindermann W. Blood hormones as markers of training stress and overtraining. Sports Med 1995;20(4): 251–76PubMedCrossRef

13.

Hedelin R, Kentta G, Wiklund U, et al. Short-term overtraining:effects on performance, circulatory responses, and heart rate variability. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32(8): 1480–4PubMedCrossRef

14.

Brooks GA, Fahey TD, White TP, et al. Exercise physiology:human bioenergetics and its applications. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

15.

Greiwe JS, Hickner RC, Hansen PA, et al. Effects of endurance exercise training on muscle glycogen accumulation in humans.J Appl Physiol 1999; 87(1): 222–6PubMed

16.

Schmitt B, Fluck M, Decombaz J, et al. Transcriptional adaptations of lipid metabolism in tibialis anterior muscle of endurance-trained athletes. Physiol Genomics 2003; 15(2): 148–57PubMed

17.

Hawley JA. Adaptations of skeletal muscle to prolonged, in tense endurance training. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2002 29(3): 218–22PubMedCrossRef

18.

Horowitz JF, Klein S. Lipid metabolism during endurance exercise.Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 72(2 Suppl.): 558S–63SPubMed

19.

Bergman BC, Butterfield GE, Wolfel EE, et al. Evaluation of exercise and training on muscle lipid metabolism. Am J Physiol 1999; 276(1 Pt 1): E106–17PubMed

20.

van Loon LJ, Koopman R, Stegen JH, et al. Intramyocellular lipids form an important substrate source during moderate intensity exercise in endurance-trained males in a fasted state. J Physiol 2003; 553(Pt 2): 611–25PubMedCrossRef

21.

Friedlander AL, Casazza GA, Horning MA, et al. Endurance training increases fatty acid turnover, but not fat oxidation, in young men. J Appl Physiol 1999; 86(6): 2097–105PubMed

22.

Lehmann M, Foster C, Keul J. Overtraining in endurance athletes: a brief review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993; 25(7):854–62PubMedCrossRef

23.

Jacobs I. Blood lactate: implications for training and sport performance. Sports Med 1986; (1): 10–25CrossRef

24.

Mayes R, Hardman AE, Williams C. The influence of training on endurance and blood lactate concentration during submax imal exercise. Br J Sports Med 1987; 21(3): 119–24PubMedCrossRef

25.

Swart J, Jennings CL. Use of blood lactate concentration as a marker of training status. South Afr J Sports Med 2004; 16: 3–7

26.

Pyne DB, Lee H, Swanwick KM. Monitoring the lactate thres hold in world-ranked swimmers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001 33(2): 291–7PubMed

27.

Lambert MI, Borresen J. A theoretical basis of monitoring fatigue: a practical approach for coaches. Int J Sports Sci Coach 2006; 1(4): 371–88CrossRef

28.

Mazzeo RS. Catecholamine responses to acute and chronic exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1991; 23(7): 839–45PubMed

29.

Aubert AE, Seps B, Beckers F. Heart rate variability in athletes. Sports Med 2003; 33(12): 889–919PubMedCrossRef

30.

Laukkanen RMT, Virtanen P. Heart rate monitors: state of the art. J Sports Sci 1998; 16: 53–7

31.

Achten J, Jeukendrup AE. Heart rate monitoring: applications and limitations. Sports Med 2003; 33(7): 517–38PubMedCrossRef

32.

Polanczyk CA, Rohde LE, Moraes RS, et al. Sympathetic nervous system representation in time and frequency domain indices of heart rate variability. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1998; 79(1): 69–73PubMedCrossRef

33.

Kannankeril PJ, Le FK, Kadish AH, et al. Parasympathetic effects on heart rate recovery after exercise. J Investig Med 2004; 52(6): 394–401PubMedCrossRef

34.

Yamamoto Y, Hughson RL, Peterson JC. Autonomic control of heart rate during exercise studied by heart rate variability spectral analysis. J Appl Physiol 1991; 71(3): 1136–42PubMed

35.

Nakamura Y, Yamamoto Y, Muraoka I. Autonomic control of heart rate during physical exercise and fractal dimension of heart rate variability. J Appl Physiol 1993; 74(2): 875–81PubMed

36.

Robinson BF, Epstein SE, Beiser GD, et al. Control of heart rate by the autonomic nervous system: studies in man on the interrelation between baroreceptor mechanisms and exercise.Circ Res 1966; 19(2): 400–11PubMedCrossRef

37.

Short KR, Sedlock DA. Excess postexercise oxygen consumption and recovery rate in trained and untrained subjects. J Appl Physiol 1997; 83(1): 153–9PubMed

38.

Bunc V, Heller J, Leso J. Kinetics of heart rate responses to exercise. J Sports Sci 1988; 6(1): 39–48PubMedCrossRef

39.

Javorka M, Zila I, Balharek T, et al. Heart rate recovery after exercise: relations to heart rate variability and complexity. Braz J Med Biol Res 2002; 35(8): 991–1000PubMedCrossRef

40.

Sugawara J, Murakami H, Maeda S, et al. Change in postexercise vagal reactivation with exercise training and detraining in young men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2001; 85(3-4):259–63PubMedCrossRef

41.

Yamamoto K, Miyachi M, Saitoh T, et al. Effects of endurance training on resting and post-exercise cardiac autonomic control. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001; 33(9): 1496–502PubMedCrossRef

42.

Darr KC, Bassett DR, Morgan BJ, et al. Effects of age and training status on heart rate recovery after peak exercise. Am J Physiol 1988; 254(2 Pt 2): H340–3PubMed

43.

Perini R, Tironi A, Cautero M, et al. Seasonal training and heart rate and blood pressure variabilities in young swimmers. Eur J Appl Physiol 2006; 97(4): 395–403PubMedCrossRef

44.

Shetler K, Marcus R, Froelicher VF, et al. Heart rate recovery: validation and methodologic issues. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38(7): 1980–7PubMedCrossRef

45.

Cole CR, Blackstone EH, Pashkow FJ, et al. Heart-rate recovery immediately after exercise as a predictor of mortality. N Engl J Med 1999; 341(18): 1351–7PubMedCrossRef

46.

Lipinski MJ, Vetrovec GW, Froelicher VF. Importance of the first two minutes of heart rate recovery after exercise treadmill testing in predicting mortality and the presence of coronary artery disease in men. Am J Cardiol 2004; 93(4): 445–9PubMedCrossRef

47.

Morshedi-Meibodi A, Larson MG, Levy D, et al. Heart rate recovery after treadmill exercise testing and risk of cardio vascular disease events (The Framingham Heart Study). Am J Cardiol 2002; 90(8): 848–52PubMedCrossRef

48.

Desai MY, Pena-Almaguer E, Mannting F. Abnormal heart rate recovery after exercise as a reflection of an abnormal chronotropic response. Am J Cardiol 2001; 87(10): 1164–9PubMedCrossRef

49.

Kannankeril PJ, Goldberger JJ. Parasympathetic effects on cardiac electrophysiology during exercise and recovery. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2002; 282(6): H2091–8PubMed

50.

Seshadri N, Gildea TR, McCarthy K, et al. Association of an abnormal exercise heart rate recovery with pulmonary function abnormalities. Chest 2004; 125(4): 1286–91PubMedCrossRef

51.

Jose AD, Taylor RR. Autonomic blockade by propranolol and atropine to study intrinsic myocardial function in man. J Clin Invest 1969; 48(11): 2019–31PubMedCrossRef

52.

Smith ML, Hudson DL, Graitzer HM, et al.Exercise training bradycardia: the role of autonomic balance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1989; 21(1): 40–4PubMedCrossRef

53.

Portier H, Louisy F, Laude D, et al. Intense endurance training on heart rate and blood pressure variability in runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001; 33(7): 1120–5PubMed

54.

Bonaduce D, Petretta M, Cavallaro V, et al. Intensive training and cardiac autonomic control in high level athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998; 30(5): 691–6PubMedCrossRef

55.

Uusitalo AL, Uusitalo AJ, Rusko HK. Exhaustive endurance training for 6-9 weeks did not induce changes in intrinsic heart rate and cardiac autonomic modulation in female athletes. Int J Sports Med 1998; 19(8): 532–40PubMedCrossRef

56.

Wilmore JH, Stanforth PR, Gagnon J, et al. Heart rate and blood pressure changes with endurance training: the HERITAGE Family Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001; 33(1): 107–16PubMed

57.

Levy WC, Cerqueira MD, Harp GD, et al. Effect of endurance exercise training on heart rate variability at rest in healthy young and older men. Am J Cardiol 1998; 82(10): 1236–41PubMedCrossRef

58.

Pollock ML. The quantification of endurance training programs.Exerc Sport Sci Rev 1973; 1: 155–88PubMedCrossRef

59.

Wilmore JH, Stanforth PR, Gagnon J, et al. Endurance exercise training has a minimal effect on resting heart rate: the HERITAGE Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996; 28(7): 829–35PubMedCrossRef

60.

Melanson EL, Freedson PS. The effect of endurance training on resting heart rate variability in sedentary adult males. Eur J Appl Physiol 2001; 85(5): 442–9PubMedCrossRef

61.

Lambert MI, Mbamba ZH, St Clair Gibson A. Heart rate during training and competition for long-distance running. J Sports Sci 1998; 16: S85–90PubMedCrossRef

62.

Waldeck M, Lambert MI. Heart rate during sleep: implications for monitoring training status. J Sports Sci Med 2003; 3: 133–8

63.

Pigozzi F, Alabiso A, Parisi A, et al. Effects of aerobic exercise training on 24 hr profile of heart rate variability in female athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2001; 41(1): 101–7PubMed

64.

Skinner JS, Gaskill SE, Rankinen T, et al. Heart rate versuS %V̇O_2max: age, sex, race, initial fitness, and training response — HERITAGE. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35(11): 1908–13PubMedCrossRef

65.

Lake MJ, Cavanagh PR. Six weeks of training does not change running mechanics or improve running economy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996; 28(7): 860–9PubMedCrossRef

66.

Swaine IL, Linden RJ, Mary DA. Loss of exercise training induced bradycardia with continued improvement in fitness. J Sports Sci 1994; 12(5): 477–81PubMedCrossRef

67.

Charlton GA, Crawford MH. Physiologic consequences of training. Cardiol Clin 1997; 15(3): 345–54PubMedCrossRef

68.

Spina RJ, Ogawa T, Kohrt WM, et al. Differences in cardio vascular adaptations to endurance exercise training between older men and women. J Appl Physiol 1993; 75(2): 849–55PubMed

69.

Weir LL, Weir JP, Housh TJ, et al. Effect of an aerobic training program on physical working capacity at heart rate threshold. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1997; 75(4): 351–6PubMedCrossRef

70.

Mier CM, Turner MJ, Ehsani AA, et al. Cardiovascular adaptations to 10 days of cycle exercise. J Appl Physiol 1997; 83(6):1900–6PubMed

71.

Spina RJ, Ogawa T, Martin WH, et al. Exercise training prevents decline in stroke volume during exercise in young healthy subjects. J Appl Physiol 1992; 72(6): 2458–62PubMed

72.

Convertino VA. Heart rate and sweat rate responses associated with exercise-induced hypervolemia. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1983; 15(1): 77–82PubMed

73.

Costill DL, Flynn MG, Kirwan JP, et al. Effects of repeated days of intensified training on muscle glycogen and swimming performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1988; 20(3): 249–54PubMedCrossRef

74.

Houmard JA, Costill DL, Mitchell JB, et al. Reduced training maintains performance in distance runners. Int J Sports Med 1990; 11(1): 46–52PubMedCrossRef

75.

Coyle EF, Martin III WH, et al. Time course of loss of adaptations after stopping prolonged intense endurance training. J Appl Physiol 1984; 57(6): 1857–64PubMed

76.

Zavorsky GS. Evidence and possible mechanisms of altered maximum heart rate with endurance training and tapering. Sports Med 2000; 29(1): 13–263PubMedCrossRef

77.

Kingwell BA, Dart AM, Jennings GL, et al. Exercise training reduces the sympathetic component of the blood pressure heart rate baroreflex in man. Clin Sci (Lond) 1992; 82(4):357–62

78.

Werle EO, Strobel G, Weicker H. Decrease in rat cardiac beta 1 and beta 2-adrenoceptors by training and endurance exercise. Life Sci 1990; 46(1): 9–17PubMedCrossRef

79.

Sylvestre-Gervais L, Nadeau A, Nguyen MH, et al. Effects of physical training on beta-adrenergic receptors in rat myocardial tissue. Cardiovasc Res 1982; 16(9): 530–4PubMedCrossRef

80.

Tulppo MP, Hautala AJ, Makikallio TH, et al. Effects of aerobic training on heart rate dynamics in sedentary subjects. J Appl Physiol 2003; 95(1): 364–72PubMed

81.

Iwasaki K, Zhang R, Zuckerman JH, et al. Dose-response relationship of the cardiovascular adaptation to endurance training in healthy adults: how much training for what benefit? J Appl Physiol 2003; 95(4): 1575–83PubMed

82.

al Ani M, Munir SM, White M, et al. Changes in R-R variability before and after endurance training measured by power spec-tral analysis and by the effect of isometric muscle contraction.Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1996; 74(5): 397–403

83.

Loimaala A, Huikuri H, Oja P, et al. Controlled 5-mo aerobic training improves heart rate but not heart rate variability or baroreflex sensitivity. J Appl Physiol 2000; 89(5): 1825–9PubMed

84.

Carter JB, Banister EW, Blaber AP. The effect of age and gender on heart rate variability after endurance training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35(8): 1333–40PubMedCrossRef

85.

Buchheit M, Simon C, Piquard F, et al. Effects of increased training load on vagal-related indexes of heart rate variability: a novel sleep approach. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2004;287(6): H2813–8PubMedCrossRef

86.

Buchheit M, Simon C, Viola AU, et al. Heart rate variability in sportive elderly: relationship with daily physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36(4): 601–5PubMedCrossRef

87.

Buchheit M, Simon C, Charloux A, et al. Heart rate variability and intensity of habitual physical activity in middle-aged persons. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005; 37(9): 1530–4PubMedCrossRef

88.

Tulppo MP, Makikallio TH, Seppanen T, et al. Vagal modulation of heart rate during exercise: effects of age and physical fitness. Am J Physiol 1998; 274(2 Pt 2): H424–9PubMed

89.

Ramaekers D, Ector H, Aubert AE, et al. Heart rate variability and heart rate in healthy volunteers: is the female autonomic nervous system cardioprotective? Eur Heart J 1998; 19(9):1334–41PubMedCrossRef

90.

Savin WM, Davidson DM, Haskell WL. Autonomic contribution to heart rate recovery from exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol 1982; 53(6): 1572–5PubMed

91.

Pierpont GL, Voth EJ. Assessing autonomic function by analysis of heart rate recovery from exercise in healthy subjects.Am J Cardiol 2004; 94(1): 64–8PubMedCrossRef

92.

Pierpont GL, Stolpman DR, Gornick CC. Heart rate recovery post-exercise as an index of parasympathetic activity. J Auton Nerv Syst 2000; 80(3): 169–74PubMedCrossRef

93.

Mahon AD, Anderson CS, Hipp MJ, et al. Heart rate recovery from submaximal exercise in boys and girls. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35(12): 2093–7PubMedCrossRef

94.

Desai MY, Pena-Almaguer E, Mannting F. Abnormal heart rate recovery after exercise: a comparison with known indicators of increased mortality. Cardiology 2001; 96(1): 38–44PubMedCrossRef

95.

Gaibazzi N, Petrucci N, Ziacchi V. One-minute heart rate recovery after cycloergometer exercise testing as a predictor of mortality in a large cohort of exercise test candidates: substantial differences with the treadmill-derived parameter. Ital Heart J 2004; 5(3): 183–8PubMed

96.

Kizilbash MA, Carnethon MR, Chan C, et al. The temporal relationship between heart rate recovery immediately after exercise and the metabolic syndrome: the CARDIA study. Eur Heart J 2006; 27(13): 1592–6PubMedCrossRef

97.

Tiukinhoy S, Beohar N, Hsie M. Improvement in heart rate recovery after cardiac rehabilitation. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 2003; 23(2): 84–7PubMedCrossRef

98.

Giallauria F, Lucci R, Pietrosante M, et al. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation improves heart rate recovery in elderly patients after acute myocardial infarction. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006; 61(7): 713–7PubMedCrossRef

99.

Giallauria F, De Lorenzo A, Pilerci F, et al. Long-term effects of cardiac rehabilitation on end-exercise heart rate recovery after myocardial infarction. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2006; 13(4): 544–50PubMedCrossRef

100.

Giallauria F, Del Forno D, Pilerci F, et al. Improvement of heart rate recovery after exercise training in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005; 53(11): 2037–8PubMedCrossRef

101.

MacMillan JS, Davis LL, Durham CF, et al. Exercise and heart rate recovery. Heart Lung 2006; 35(6): 383–90PubMedCrossRef

102.

Otsuki T, Maeda S, Iemitsu M, et al. Postexercise heart rate recovery accelerates in strength-trained athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39(2): 365–70PubMedCrossRef

103.

Brown SJ, Brown JA. Resting and postexercise cardiac autonomic control in trained master athletes [abstract]. J Physiol Sci 2007; 57(1): 23–9PubMedCrossRef

104.

Lamberts RP, Lemmink KAPM, Durandt JJ, et al. Variation in heart rate during submaximal exercise: implications for monitoring training. J Strength Cond Res 2004; 18(3): 103–7

Titel: Autonomic Control of Heart Rate during and after Exercise
Measurements and Implications for Monitoring Training Status
verfasst von: Jill Borresen
Prof Michael I. Lambert
Publikationsdatum: 01.08.2008
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in: Sports Medicine / Ausgabe 8/2008
Print ISSN: 0112-1642
Elektronische ISSN: 1179-2035
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200838080-00002

Arthropedia

Grundlagenwissen der Arthroskopie und Gelenkchirurgie. Erweitert durch Fallbeispiele, Videos und Abbildungen.
» Jetzt entdecken

Neu im Fachgebiet Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Knie-TEP: Kein Vorteil durch antibiotikahaltigen Knochenzement

29.05.2024 Periprothetische Infektionen Nachrichten

Zur Zementierung einer Knie-TEP wird in Deutschland zu über 98% Knochenzement verwendet, der mit einem Antibiotikum beladen ist. Ob er wirklich besser ist als Zement ohne Antibiotikum, kann laut Registerdaten bezweifelt werden.

Häusliche Gewalt in der orthopädischen Notaufnahme oft nicht erkannt

28.05.2024 Häusliche Gewalt Nachrichten

In der Notaufnahme wird die Chance, Opfer von häuslicher Gewalt zu identifizieren, von Orthopäden und Orthopädinnen offenbar zu wenig genutzt. Darauf deuten die Ergebnisse einer Fragebogenstudie an der Sahlgrenska-Universität in Schweden hin.

Fehlerkultur in der Medizin – Offenheit zählt!

28.05.2024 Fehlerkultur Podcast

Darüber reden und aus Fehlern lernen, sollte das Motto in der Medizin lauten. Und zwar nicht nur im Sinne der Patientensicherheit. Eine negative Fehlerkultur kann auch die Behandelnden ernsthaft krank machen, warnt Prof. Dr. Reinhard Strametz. Ein Plädoyer und ein Leitfaden für den offenen Umgang mit kritischen Ereignissen in Medizin und Pflege.

Mehr Frauen im OP – weniger postoperative Komplikationen

21.05.2024 Allgemeine Chirurgie Nachrichten

Ein Frauenanteil von mindestens einem Drittel im ärztlichen Op.-Team war in einer großen retrospektiven Studie aus Kanada mit einer signifikanten Reduktion der postoperativen Morbidität assoziiert.

Update Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Live-Webinar "Urologie und Sexualmedizin in der Praxis"

Springer Medizin

Autonomic Control of Heart Rate during and after Exercise

Measurements and Implications for Monitoring Training Status

Abstract

Arthropedia

Neu im Fachgebiet Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Knie-TEP: Kein Vorteil durch antibiotikahaltigen Knochenzement

Häusliche Gewalt in der orthopädischen Notaufnahme oft nicht erkannt

Fehlerkultur in der Medizin – Offenheit zählt!

Mehr Frauen im OP – weniger postoperative Komplikationen

Update Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Live-Webinar "Urologie und Sexualmedizin in der Praxis"

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 8/2008

Influence of Running Velocity on Vertical, Leg and Joint Stiffness

Palpitations in Athletes

Exercise and Primary Dysmenorrhoea

Exercise, Energy Balance and the Shift Worker

A Physiological and Psychological Basis for Anti-Pronation Taping from a Critical Review of the Literature

Arthropedia

Neu im Fachgebiet Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Knie-TEP: Kein Vorteil durch antibiotikahaltigen Knochenzement

Häusliche Gewalt in der orthopädischen Notaufnahme oft nicht erkannt

Fehlerkultur in der Medizin – Offenheit zählt!

Mehr Frauen im OP – weniger postoperative Komplikationen

Update Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie