Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Immunologic Research 1-3/2010

01.07.2010

Mechanisms involved in antibody- and complement-mediated allograft rejection

verfasst von: Barbara A. Wasowska

Erschienen in: Immunologic Research | Ausgabe 1-3/2010

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Antibody-mediated rejection has become critical clinically because this form of rejection is usually unresponsive to conventional anti-rejection therapy, and therefore, it has been recognized as a major cause of allograft loss. Our group developed experimental animal models of vascularized organ transplantation to study pathogenesis of antibody- and complement-mediated endothelial cell injury leading to graft rejection. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of antibody-mediated graft rejection resulting from activation of complement by C1q- and MBL (mannose-binding lectin)-dependent pathways and interactions with a variety of effector cells, including macrophages and monocytes through Fcγ receptors and complement receptors.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Patel R, Terasaki PI. Significance of the positive crossmatch test in kidney transplantation. N Engl J Med. 1969;280:735–9.PubMedCrossRef Patel R, Terasaki PI. Significance of the positive crossmatch test in kidney transplantation. N Engl J Med. 1969;280:735–9.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Feucht HE, Felber E, Gokel MJ, Hillebrand G, Nattermann U, Brockmeyer C, et al. Vascular deposition of complement-split products in kidney allografts with cell-mediated rejection. Clin Exp Immunol. 1991;86:464–70.PubMed Feucht HE, Felber E, Gokel MJ, Hillebrand G, Nattermann U, Brockmeyer C, et al. Vascular deposition of complement-split products in kidney allografts with cell-mediated rejection. Clin Exp Immunol. 1991;86:464–70.PubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Lederer SR, Schneeberger H, Albert E, Johnson JP, Gruber R, Land W, et al. Early renal graft dysfunction. The role of preformed antibodies to DR-typed lymphoblastoid cell lines. Transplantation. 1996;61:213–9. Lederer SR, Schneeberger H, Albert E, Johnson JP, Gruber R, Land W, et al. Early renal graft dysfunction. The role of preformed antibodies to DR-typed lymphoblastoid cell lines. Transplantation. 1996;61:213–9.
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Baldwin WM III, Pruitt SK, Brauer RB, Daha MR, Sanfilippo F. Complement in organ transplantation: contribution to inflammation, injury and rejection. Transplantation. 1995;59:797–808.PubMed Baldwin WM III, Pruitt SK, Brauer RB, Daha MR, Sanfilippo F. Complement in organ transplantation: contribution to inflammation, injury and rejection. Transplantation. 1995;59:797–808.PubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Smith RN, Brousaides N, Grazette L, Saidman S, Semigran M, Disalvo T, et al. C4d deposition in cardiac allografts correlates with alloantibody. J Heart Lung Transpl. 2005;24:1202–10. Smith RN, Brousaides N, Grazette L, Saidman S, Semigran M, Disalvo T, et al. C4d deposition in cardiac allografts correlates with alloantibody. J Heart Lung Transpl. 2005;24:1202–10.
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Smith RN, Kawai T, Boskovic S, Nadazdin O, Sachs DH, Cosimi AB, et al. Chronic antibody mediated rejection of renal allografts: pathological, serological and immunologic features in nonhuman primates. Am J Transpl. 2006;6:1790–8. Smith RN, Kawai T, Boskovic S, Nadazdin O, Sachs DH, Cosimi AB, et al. Chronic antibody mediated rejection of renal allografts: pathological, serological and immunologic features in nonhuman primates. Am J Transpl. 2006;6:1790–8.
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Uehara S, Chase CM, Cornell LD, Madsen JC, Russell PS, Colvin RB. Chronic cardiac transplant arteriopathy in mice: relationship of alloantibody, C4d deposition and neointimal fibrosis. Am J Transpl. 2007;7:57–65. Uehara S, Chase CM, Cornell LD, Madsen JC, Russell PS, Colvin RB. Chronic cardiac transplant arteriopathy in mice: relationship of alloantibody, C4d deposition and neointimal fibrosis. Am J Transpl. 2007;7:57–65.
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Wehner J, Morrell CN, Reynolds T, Rodriguez ER, Baldwin WM 3rd. Antibody and complement in transplant vasculopathy. Circ Res. 2007;100:191–203.PubMed Wehner J, Morrell CN, Reynolds T, Rodriguez ER, Baldwin WM 3rd. Antibody and complement in transplant vasculopathy. Circ Res. 2007;100:191–203.PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Jordan S. IVIG vs. plasmapheresis for desensitization: which is better? Am J Transpl. 2006;6:1510–1. Jordan S. IVIG vs. plasmapheresis for desensitization: which is better? Am J Transpl. 2006;6:1510–1.
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Jordan SC, Vo AA, Peng A, Toyoda M, Tyan D. Intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIG): a novel approach to improve transplant rates and outcomes in highly HLA-sensitized patients. Am J Transpl. 2006;6:459–66. Jordan SC, Vo AA, Peng A, Toyoda M, Tyan D. Intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIG): a novel approach to improve transplant rates and outcomes in highly HLA-sensitized patients. Am J Transpl. 2006;6:459–66.
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Montgomery RA, Cooper M, Kraus E, Rabb H, Samaniego M, Simpkins CE et al. Renal transplantation at the Johns Hopkins Comprehensive Transplant Center. Clin Transpl. 2003:199–213. Montgomery RA, Cooper M, Kraus E, Rabb H, Samaniego M, Simpkins CE et al. Renal transplantation at the Johns Hopkins Comprehensive Transplant Center. Clin Transpl. 2003:199–213.
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Montgomery RA, Zachary AA. Transplanting patients with a positive donor-specific crossmatch: a single center’s perspective. Pediatr Transpl. 2004;8:535–42. Montgomery RA, Zachary AA. Transplanting patients with a positive donor-specific crossmatch: a single center’s perspective. Pediatr Transpl. 2004;8:535–42.
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Montgomery RA, Zachary AA, Racusen LC, Leffell MS, King KE, Burdick JF, et al. Plasmapheresis and intravenous immune globulin provides effective rescue therapy for refractory humoral rejection and allows kidneys to be successfully transplanted into cross-match-positive recipients. Transplantation. 2000;70:887–95.PubMed Montgomery RA, Zachary AA, Racusen LC, Leffell MS, King KE, Burdick JF, et al. Plasmapheresis and intravenous immune globulin provides effective rescue therapy for refractory humoral rejection and allows kidneys to be successfully transplanted into cross-match-positive recipients. Transplantation. 2000;70:887–95.PubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Haas M, Montgomery RA, Segev DL, Rahman MH, Racusen LC, Bagnasco SM, et al. Subclinical acute antibody-mediated rejection in positive crossmatch renal allografts. Am J Transpl. 2007;7:576–85. Haas M, Montgomery RA, Segev DL, Rahman MH, Racusen LC, Bagnasco SM, et al. Subclinical acute antibody-mediated rejection in positive crossmatch renal allografts. Am J Transpl. 2007;7:576–85.
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Warren DS, Zachary AA, Sonnenday CJ, King KE, Cooper M, Ratner LE, et al. Successful renal transplantation across simultaneous ABO incompatible and positive crossmatch barriers. Am J Transpl. 2004;4:561–8. Warren DS, Zachary AA, Sonnenday CJ, King KE, Cooper M, Ratner LE, et al. Successful renal transplantation across simultaneous ABO incompatible and positive crossmatch barriers. Am J Transpl. 2004;4:561–8.
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Haas M, Rahman MH, Racusen LC, Kraus ES, Bagnasco SM, Segev DL, et al. C4d and C3d staining in biopsies of ABO- and HLA-incompatible renal allografts: correlation with histologic findings. Am J Transpl. 2006;6:1829–40. Haas M, Rahman MH, Racusen LC, Kraus ES, Bagnasco SM, Segev DL, et al. C4d and C3d staining in biopsies of ABO- and HLA-incompatible renal allografts: correlation with histologic findings. Am J Transpl. 2006;6:1829–40.
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Tang AH, Platt JL. Accommodation of grafts: implications for health and disease. Hum Immunol. 2007;68:645–51.PubMed Tang AH, Platt JL. Accommodation of grafts: implications for health and disease. Hum Immunol. 2007;68:645–51.PubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Platt JL. C4d and the fate of organ allografts. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13:2417–9.PubMed Platt JL. C4d and the fate of organ allografts. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13:2417–9.PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Lynch RJ, Platt JL. Accommodation in organ transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transpl. 2008;13:165–70. Lynch RJ, Platt JL. Accommodation in organ transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transpl. 2008;13:165–70.
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Feucht HE, Opelz G. The humoral immune response towards HLA class II determinants in renal transplantation. Kidney Int. 1996;50:1464–75.PubMed Feucht HE, Opelz G. The humoral immune response towards HLA class II determinants in renal transplantation. Kidney Int. 1996;50:1464–75.PubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Collins AB, Schneeberger EE, Pascual MA, Saidman SL, Williams WW, Tolkoff N, et al. Complement activation in acute humoral renal allograft rejection: diagnostic significance of C4d deposits in peritubular capillaries. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999;10:2208–14.PubMed Collins AB, Schneeberger EE, Pascual MA, Saidman SL, Williams WW, Tolkoff N, et al. Complement activation in acute humoral renal allograft rejection: diagnostic significance of C4d deposits in peritubular capillaries. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999;10:2208–14.PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Racusen LC, Colvin RB, Solez K, Mihatsch MJ, Halloran PF, Campbell PM, et al. Antibody-mediated rejection criteria—an addition to the banff 97 classification of renal allograft rejection. Am J Transpl. 2003;3:708–14. Racusen LC, Colvin RB, Solez K, Mihatsch MJ, Halloran PF, Campbell PM, et al. Antibody-mediated rejection criteria—an addition to the banff 97 classification of renal allograft rejection. Am J Transpl. 2003;3:708–14.
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Feucht HE. Complement C4d in graft capillaries—the missing link in the recognition of humoral alloreactivity. Am J Transpl. 2003;3:646–52. Feucht HE. Complement C4d in graft capillaries—the missing link in the recognition of humoral alloreactivity. Am J Transpl. 2003;3:646–52.
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Mauiyyedi S, Colvin RB. Humoral rejection in kidney transplantation: new concepts in diagnosis and treatment. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2002;11:609–18.PubMed Mauiyyedi S, Colvin RB. Humoral rejection in kidney transplantation: new concepts in diagnosis and treatment. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2002;11:609–18.PubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Herzenberg AM, Gill JS, Djurdjev O, Magil AB. C4d deposition in acute rejection: an independent long-term prognostic factor. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13:234–41.PubMed Herzenberg AM, Gill JS, Djurdjev O, Magil AB. C4d deposition in acute rejection: an independent long-term prognostic factor. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13:234–41.PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Lederer SR, Kluth-Pepper B, Schneeberger H, Albert E, Land W, Feucht HE. Impact of humoral alloreactivity early after transplantation on the long-term survival of renal allografts. Kidney Int. 2001;59:334–41.PubMed Lederer SR, Kluth-Pepper B, Schneeberger H, Albert E, Land W, Feucht HE. Impact of humoral alloreactivity early after transplantation on the long-term survival of renal allografts. Kidney Int. 2001;59:334–41.PubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Michaels PJ, Espejo ML, Kobashigawa J, Alejos JC, Burch C, Takemoto S, et al. Humoral rejection in cardiac transplantation: risk factors, hemodynamic consequences and relationship to transplant coronary artery disease. J Heart Lung Transpl. 2003;22:58–69. Michaels PJ, Espejo ML, Kobashigawa J, Alejos JC, Burch C, Takemoto S, et al. Humoral rejection in cardiac transplantation: risk factors, hemodynamic consequences and relationship to transplant coronary artery disease. J Heart Lung Transpl. 2003;22:58–69.
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Mengel M, Bogers J, Bosmans JL, Seron D, Moreso F, Carrera M, et al. Incidence of C4d stain in protocol biopsies from renal allografts: results from a multicenter trial. Am J Transpl. 2005;5:1050–6. Mengel M, Bogers J, Bosmans JL, Seron D, Moreso F, Carrera M, et al. Incidence of C4d stain in protocol biopsies from renal allografts: results from a multicenter trial. Am J Transpl. 2005;5:1050–6.
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Rodriguez ER, Skojec DV, Tan CD, Zachary AA, Kasper EK, Conte JV, et al. Antibody-mediated rejection in human cardiac allografts: evaluation of immunoglobulins and complement activation products C4d and C3d as markers. Am J Transpl. 2005;5:2778–85. Rodriguez ER, Skojec DV, Tan CD, Zachary AA, Kasper EK, Conte JV, et al. Antibody-mediated rejection in human cardiac allografts: evaluation of immunoglobulins and complement activation products C4d and C3d as markers. Am J Transpl. 2005;5:2778–85.
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Baldwin WM III, Flavahan NA, Fairchild RL. Integration of complement and leukocytes in response to allotransplantation. Curr Opin Transpl. 2002;7:92–9. Baldwin WM III, Flavahan NA, Fairchild RL. Integration of complement and leukocytes in response to allotransplantation. Curr Opin Transpl. 2002;7:92–9.
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Baldwin WM III, Larsen CP, Fairchild RL. Innate immune responses to transplants: a significant variable with cadaver donors. Immunity. 2001;14:369–76.PubMed Baldwin WM III, Larsen CP, Fairchild RL. Innate immune responses to transplants: a significant variable with cadaver donors. Immunity. 2001;14:369–76.PubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Sacks SH, Chowdhury P, Zhou W. Role of the complement system in rejection. Curr Opin Immunol. 2003;15:487–92.PubMed Sacks SH, Chowdhury P, Zhou W. Role of the complement system in rejection. Curr Opin Immunol. 2003;15:487–92.PubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Sacks SH, Zhou W. Locally produced complement and its role in renal allograft rejection. Am J Transpl. 2003;3:927–32. Sacks SH, Zhou W. Locally produced complement and its role in renal allograft rejection. Am J Transpl. 2003;3:927–32.
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Qian Z, Wasowska BA, Behrens E, Brody JR, Kadkol SS, Cangello DL, et al. C6 produced by macrophages contributes to cardiac allograft rejection. Am J Pathol. 1999;155:1293–302.PubMed Qian Z, Wasowska BA, Behrens E, Brody JR, Kadkol SS, Cangello DL, et al. C6 produced by macrophages contributes to cardiac allograft rejection. Am J Pathol. 1999;155:1293–302.PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Nakashima S, Qian Z, Rahimi S, Wasowska BA, Baldwin WM 3rd. Membrane attack complex contributes to destruction of vascular integrity in acute lung allograft rejection. J Immunol. 2002;169:4620–7.PubMed Nakashima S, Qian Z, Rahimi S, Wasowska BA, Baldwin WM 3rd. Membrane attack complex contributes to destruction of vascular integrity in acute lung allograft rejection. J Immunol. 2002;169:4620–7.PubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Nakashima S, Soong TR, Fox-Talbot K, Qian Z, Rahimi S, Wasowska BA, et al. Impact of MHC class II incompatibility on localization of mononuclear cell infiltrates to the bronchiolar compartment of orthotopic lung allografts. Am J Transpl. 2005;5:694–701. Nakashima S, Soong TR, Fox-Talbot K, Qian Z, Rahimi S, Wasowska BA, et al. Impact of MHC class II incompatibility on localization of mononuclear cell infiltrates to the bronchiolar compartment of orthotopic lung allografts. Am J Transpl. 2005;5:694–701.
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Marsh JE, Farmer CK, Jurcevic S, Wang Y, Carroll MC, Sacks SH. The allogeneic T and B cell response is strongly dependent on complement components C3 and C4. Transplantation. 2001;72:1310–8.PubMed Marsh JE, Farmer CK, Jurcevic S, Wang Y, Carroll MC, Sacks SH. The allogeneic T and B cell response is strongly dependent on complement components C3 and C4. Transplantation. 2001;72:1310–8.PubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Pratt JR, Basheer SA, Sacks SH. Local synthesis of complement component C3 regulates acute renal transplant rejection. Nat Med. 2002;8:582–7.PubMed Pratt JR, Basheer SA, Sacks SH. Local synthesis of complement component C3 regulates acute renal transplant rejection. Nat Med. 2002;8:582–7.PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Li K, Patel H, Farrar CA, Hargreaves RE, Sacks SH, Zhou W. Complement regulates the capacity of proximal tubular epithelial cell to stimulate alloreactive T cell response. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15:2414–22.PubMed Li K, Patel H, Farrar CA, Hargreaves RE, Sacks SH, Zhou W. Complement regulates the capacity of proximal tubular epithelial cell to stimulate alloreactive T cell response. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15:2414–22.PubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Wasowska BA, Qian Z, Cangello DL, Behrens E, Van Tran K, Layton J, et al. Passive transfer of alloantibodies restores acute cardiac rejection in IgKO mice. Transplantation. 2001;71:727–36.PubMed Wasowska BA, Qian Z, Cangello DL, Behrens E, Van Tran K, Layton J, et al. Passive transfer of alloantibodies restores acute cardiac rejection in IgKO mice. Transplantation. 2001;71:727–36.PubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Rahimi S, Qian Z, Layton J, Fox-Talbot K, Baldwin WM, Wasowska BA. Non-complement and complement activating antibodies synergize to cause rejection of cardiac allografts. Am J Transpl. 2004;4:326–34. Rahimi S, Qian Z, Layton J, Fox-Talbot K, Baldwin WM, Wasowska BA. Non-complement and complement activating antibodies synergize to cause rejection of cardiac allografts. Am J Transpl. 2004;4:326–34.
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Murata K, Fox-Talbot K, Qian Z, Takahashi K, Stahl GL, Baldwin WM, Wasowska BA. Synergistic deposition of C4d by complement-activating and non-activating antibodies in cardiac transplants. Am J Transpl. 2007;7:2605–14. Murata K, Fox-Talbot K, Qian Z, Takahashi K, Stahl GL, Baldwin WM, Wasowska BA. Synergistic deposition of C4d by complement-activating and non-activating antibodies in cardiac transplants. Am J Transpl. 2007;7:2605–14.
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Brandle D, Joergensen J, Zenke G, Burki K, Hof RP. Contribution of donor-specific antibodies to acute allograft rejection: evidence from B cell-deficient mice. Transplantation. 1998;65:1489–93.PubMed Brandle D, Joergensen J, Zenke G, Burki K, Hof RP. Contribution of donor-specific antibodies to acute allograft rejection: evidence from B cell-deficient mice. Transplantation. 1998;65:1489–93.PubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Jindra PT, Hsueh A, Hong L, Gjertson D, Shen XD, Gao F, et al. Anti-MHC class I antibody activation of proliferation and survival signaling in murine cardiac allografts. J Immunol. 2008;180:2214–24.PubMed Jindra PT, Hsueh A, Hong L, Gjertson D, Shen XD, Gao F, et al. Anti-MHC class I antibody activation of proliferation and survival signaling in murine cardiac allografts. J Immunol. 2008;180:2214–24.PubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Wasowska BA, Qian Z, Behrens E, Cangello D, Sanfilippo F, Baldwin WM III. Inhibition of acute cardiac allograft rejection in immunoglobulin-deficient mice. Transpl Proc. 1999;31:136. Wasowska BA, Qian Z, Behrens E, Cangello D, Sanfilippo F, Baldwin WM III. Inhibition of acute cardiac allograft rejection in immunoglobulin-deficient mice. Transpl Proc. 1999;31:136.
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Salomon B, Bluestone JA. Complexities of CD28/B7: CTLA-4 costimulatory pathways in autoimmunity and transplantation. Annu Rev Immunol. 2001;19:225–52.PubMed Salomon B, Bluestone JA. Complexities of CD28/B7: CTLA-4 costimulatory pathways in autoimmunity and transplantation. Annu Rev Immunol. 2001;19:225–52.PubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Reed EF, Demetris AJ, Hammond E, Itescu S, Kobashigawa JA, Reinsmoen NL, et al. Acute antibody-mediated rejection of cardiac transplants. J Heart Lung Transpl. 2006;25:153–9. Reed EF, Demetris AJ, Hammond E, Itescu S, Kobashigawa JA, Reinsmoen NL, et al. Acute antibody-mediated rejection of cardiac transplants. J Heart Lung Transpl. 2006;25:153–9.
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Meehan SM, Limsrichamrern S, Manaligod JR, Junsanto T, Josephson MA, Thistlethwaite JR. Platelets and capillary injury in acute humoral rejection of renal allografts. Hum Pathol. 2003;34:533–40.PubMed Meehan SM, Limsrichamrern S, Manaligod JR, Junsanto T, Josephson MA, Thistlethwaite JR. Platelets and capillary injury in acute humoral rejection of renal allografts. Hum Pathol. 2003;34:533–40.PubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Morrell CN, Murata K, Swaim AM, Mason E, Martin TV, Thompson LE, et al. In vivo platelet-endothelial cell interactions in response to major histocompatibility complex alloantibody. Circ Res. 2008;102:777–85.PubMed Morrell CN, Murata K, Swaim AM, Mason E, Martin TV, Thompson LE, et al. In vivo platelet-endothelial cell interactions in response to major histocompatibility complex alloantibody. Circ Res. 2008;102:777–85.PubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Ota H, Fox-Talbot K, Hu W, Qian Z, Sanfilippo F, Hruban RH, et al. Terminal complement components mediate release of von Willebrand factor and adhesion of platelets in arteries of allografts. Transplantation. 2005;79:276–81.PubMed Ota H, Fox-Talbot K, Hu W, Qian Z, Sanfilippo F, Hruban RH, et al. Terminal complement components mediate release of von Willebrand factor and adhesion of platelets in arteries of allografts. Transplantation. 2005;79:276–81.PubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Morrell CN, Sun H, Swaim AM, Baldwin WM 3rd. Platelets an inflammatory force in transplantation. Am J Transpl. 2007;7:2447–54. Morrell CN, Sun H, Swaim AM, Baldwin WM 3rd. Platelets an inflammatory force in transplantation. Am J Transpl. 2007;7:2447–54.
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Kirk AD, Morrell CN, Baldwin WM 3rd. Platelets influence vascularized organ transplants from start to finish. Am J Transpl. 2009;9:14–22. Kirk AD, Morrell CN, Baldwin WM 3rd. Platelets influence vascularized organ transplants from start to finish. Am J Transpl. 2009;9:14–22.
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Saadi S, Holzknecht RA, Patte CP, Platt JL. Endothelial cell activation by pore-forming structures: pivotal role for interleukin-1alpha. Circulation. 2000;101:1867–73.PubMed Saadi S, Holzknecht RA, Patte CP, Platt JL. Endothelial cell activation by pore-forming structures: pivotal role for interleukin-1alpha. Circulation. 2000;101:1867–73.PubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Saadi S, Holzknecht RA, Patte CP, Stern DM, Platt JL. Complement-mediated regulation of tissue factor activity in endothelium. J Exp Med. 1995;182:1807–14.PubMed Saadi S, Holzknecht RA, Patte CP, Stern DM, Platt JL. Complement-mediated regulation of tissue factor activity in endothelium. J Exp Med. 1995;182:1807–14.PubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Tedesco F, Pausa M, Nardon E, Introna M, Mantovani A, Dobrina A. The cytolytically inactive terminal complement complex activates endothelial cells to express adhesion molecules and tissue factor procoagulant activity. J Exp Med. 1997;185:1619–27.PubMed Tedesco F, Pausa M, Nardon E, Introna M, Mantovani A, Dobrina A. The cytolytically inactive terminal complement complex activates endothelial cells to express adhesion molecules and tissue factor procoagulant activity. J Exp Med. 1997;185:1619–27.PubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Schulte am Esch J II, Cruz MA, Siegel JB, Anrather J, Robson SC. Activation of human platelets by the membrane-expressed A1 domain of von Willebrand factor. Blood. 1997;90:4425–37.PubMed Schulte am Esch J II, Cruz MA, Siegel JB, Anrather J, Robson SC. Activation of human platelets by the membrane-expressed A1 domain of von Willebrand factor. Blood. 1997;90:4425–37.PubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Bombeli T, Schwartz BR, Harlan JM. Adhesion of activated platelets to endothelial cells: evidence for a GPIIbIIIa-dependent bridging mechanism and novel roles for endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), alphavbeta3 integrin, and GPIbalpha. J Exp Med. 1998;187:329–39.PubMed Bombeli T, Schwartz BR, Harlan JM. Adhesion of activated platelets to endothelial cells: evidence for a GPIIbIIIa-dependent bridging mechanism and novel roles for endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), alphavbeta3 integrin, and GPIbalpha. J Exp Med. 1998;187:329–39.PubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Yamakuchi M, Kirkiles-Smith NC, Ferlito M, Cameron SJ, Bao C, Fox-Talbot K, et al. Antibody to human leukocyte antigen triggers endothelial exocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007;104:1301–6.PubMed Yamakuchi M, Kirkiles-Smith NC, Ferlito M, Cameron SJ, Bao C, Fox-Talbot K, et al. Antibody to human leukocyte antigen triggers endothelial exocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007;104:1301–6.PubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Lowenstein CJ, Morrell CN, Yamakuchi M. Regulation of Weibel-Palade body exocytosis. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2005;15:302–8.PubMed Lowenstein CJ, Morrell CN, Yamakuchi M. Regulation of Weibel-Palade body exocytosis. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2005;15:302–8.PubMed
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Celi A, Pellegrini G, Lorenzet R, De Blasi A, Ready N, Furie BC, et al. P-selectin induces the expression of tissue factor on monocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994;91:8767–71.PubMed Celi A, Pellegrini G, Lorenzet R, De Blasi A, Ready N, Furie BC, et al. P-selectin induces the expression of tissue factor on monocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994;91:8767–71.PubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Weyrich AS, McIntyre TM, McEver RP, Prescott SM, Zimmerman GA. Monocyte tethering by P-selectin regulates monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion. Signal integration and NF-kappa B translocation. J Clin Investig. 1995;95:2297–303.PubMed Weyrich AS, McIntyre TM, McEver RP, Prescott SM, Zimmerman GA. Monocyte tethering by P-selectin regulates monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion. Signal integration and NF-kappa B translocation. J Clin Investig. 1995;95:2297–303.PubMed
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Weyrich AS, Elstad MR, McEver RP, McIntyre TM, Moore KL, Morrissey JH, et al. Activated platelets signal chemokine synthesis by human monocytes. J Clin Investig. 1996;97:1525–34.PubMed Weyrich AS, Elstad MR, McEver RP, McIntyre TM, Moore KL, Morrissey JH, et al. Activated platelets signal chemokine synthesis by human monocytes. J Clin Investig. 1996;97:1525–34.PubMed
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Kilgore KS, Schmid E, Shanley TP, Flory CM, Maheswari V, Tramontini NL, et al. Sublytic concentrations of the membrane attack complex of complement induce endothelial interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 through nuclear factor-kappa B activation. Am J Pathol. 1997;150:2019–31.PubMed Kilgore KS, Schmid E, Shanley TP, Flory CM, Maheswari V, Tramontini NL, et al. Sublytic concentrations of the membrane attack complex of complement induce endothelial interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 through nuclear factor-kappa B activation. Am J Pathol. 1997;150:2019–31.PubMed
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Torzewski J, Oldroyd R, Lachmann P, Fitzsimmons C, Proudfoot D, Bowyer D. Complement-induced release of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 from human smooth muscle cells. A possible initiating event in atherosclerotic lesion formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1996;16:673–7.PubMed Torzewski J, Oldroyd R, Lachmann P, Fitzsimmons C, Proudfoot D, Bowyer D. Complement-induced release of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 from human smooth muscle cells. A possible initiating event in atherosclerotic lesion formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1996;16:673–7.PubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee C-Y, Lotfi-Emran S, Erdinc M, Murata K, Velidedeoglu E, Fox-Talbot K, et al. The involvement of FcR mechanisms in antibody-mediated rejection. Transplantation. 2007;9:33–43. Lee C-Y, Lotfi-Emran S, Erdinc M, Murata K, Velidedeoglu E, Fox-Talbot K, et al. The involvement of FcR mechanisms in antibody-mediated rejection. Transplantation. 2007;9:33–43.
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Qian Z, Jakobs FM, Pfaff-Amesse T, Sanfilippo F, Baldwin WM 3rd. Complement contributes to the rejection of complete and class I major histocompatibility complex–incompatible cardiac allografts. J Heart Lung Transpl. 1998;17:470–8. Qian Z, Jakobs FM, Pfaff-Amesse T, Sanfilippo F, Baldwin WM 3rd. Complement contributes to the rejection of complete and class I major histocompatibility complex–incompatible cardiac allografts. J Heart Lung Transpl. 1998;17:470–8.
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Hattori R, Hamilton KK, McEver RP, Sims PJ. Complement proteins C5b–C9 induce secretion of high molecular weight multimers of endothelial von Willebrand factor and translocation of granule membrane protein GMP-140 to the cell surface. J Biol Chem. 1989;264:9053–60.PubMed Hattori R, Hamilton KK, McEver RP, Sims PJ. Complement proteins C5b–C9 induce secretion of high molecular weight multimers of endothelial von Willebrand factor and translocation of granule membrane protein GMP-140 to the cell surface. J Biol Chem. 1989;264:9053–60.PubMed
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Kilgore KS, Shen JP, Miller BF, Ward PA, Warren JS. Enhancement by the complement membrane attack complex of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced endothelial cell expression of E-selectin and ICAM-1. J Immunol. 1995;155:1434–41.PubMed Kilgore KS, Shen JP, Miller BF, Ward PA, Warren JS. Enhancement by the complement membrane attack complex of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced endothelial cell expression of E-selectin and ICAM-1. J Immunol. 1995;155:1434–41.PubMed
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Selvan RS, Kapadia HB, Platt JL. Complement-induced expression of chemokine genes in endothelium: regulation by IL-1-dependent and -independent mechanisms. J Immunol. 1998;161:4388–95.PubMed Selvan RS, Kapadia HB, Platt JL. Complement-induced expression of chemokine genes in endothelium: regulation by IL-1-dependent and -independent mechanisms. J Immunol. 1998;161:4388–95.PubMed
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Hawrylowicz CM, Howells GL, Feldmann M. Platelet-derived interleukin 1 induces human endothelial adhesion molecule expression and cytokine production. J Exp Med. 1991;174:785–90.PubMed Hawrylowicz CM, Howells GL, Feldmann M. Platelet-derived interleukin 1 induces human endothelial adhesion molecule expression and cytokine production. J Exp Med. 1991;174:785–90.PubMed
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Soslau G, Morgan DA, Jaffe JS, Brodsky I, Wang Y. Cytokine mRNA expression in human platelets and a megakaryocytic cell line and cytokine modulation of platelet function. Cytokine. 1997;9:405–11.PubMed Soslau G, Morgan DA, Jaffe JS, Brodsky I, Wang Y. Cytokine mRNA expression in human platelets and a megakaryocytic cell line and cytokine modulation of platelet function. Cytokine. 1997;9:405–11.PubMed
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Ey PL, Prowse SJ, Jenkin CR. Complement-fixing IgG1 constitutes a new subclass of mouse IgG. Nature. 1979;281:492–3.PubMed Ey PL, Prowse SJ, Jenkin CR. Complement-fixing IgG1 constitutes a new subclass of mouse IgG. Nature. 1979;281:492–3.PubMed
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Ey PL, Russell-Jones GJ, Jenkin CR. Isotypes of mouse IgG–I. Evidence for ‘non-complement-fixing’ IgG1 antibodies and characterization of their capacity to interfere with IgG2 sensitization of target red blood cells for lysis by complement. Mol Immunol. 1980;17:699–710.PubMed Ey PL, Russell-Jones GJ, Jenkin CR. Isotypes of mouse IgG–I. Evidence for ‘non-complement-fixing’ IgG1 antibodies and characterization of their capacity to interfere with IgG2 sensitization of target red blood cells for lysis by complement. Mol Immunol. 1980;17:699–710.PubMed
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Neuberger MS, Rajewsky K. Activation of mouse complement by monoclonal mouse antibodies. Eur J Immunol. 1981;11:1012–6.PubMed Neuberger MS, Rajewsky K. Activation of mouse complement by monoclonal mouse antibodies. Eur J Immunol. 1981;11:1012–6.PubMed
75.
Zurück zum Zitat White KD, Frank MB, Foundling S, Waxman FJ. Effect of immunoglobulin variable region structure on C3b and C4b deposition. Mol Immunol. 1996;33:759–68.PubMed White KD, Frank MB, Foundling S, Waxman FJ. Effect of immunoglobulin variable region structure on C3b and C4b deposition. Mol Immunol. 1996;33:759–68.PubMed
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Yokoyama I, Waxman F. Differential susceptibility of immune complexes to release from the erythrocyte CR1 receptor by factor I. Mol Immunol. 1994;31:227–40. Yokoyama I, Waxman F. Differential susceptibility of immune complexes to release from the erythrocyte CR1 receptor by factor I. Mol Immunol. 1994;31:227–40.
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Bindon CI, Hale G, Waldmann H. Importance of antigen specificity for complement-mediated lysis by monoclonal antibodies. Eur J Immunol. 1988;18:1507–14.PubMed Bindon CI, Hale G, Waldmann H. Importance of antigen specificity for complement-mediated lysis by monoclonal antibodies. Eur J Immunol. 1988;18:1507–14.PubMed
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Dommett RM, Klein N, Turner MW. Mannose-binding lectin in innate immunity: past, present and future. Tissue Antigens. 2006;68:193–209.PubMed Dommett RM, Klein N, Turner MW. Mannose-binding lectin in innate immunity: past, present and future. Tissue Antigens. 2006;68:193–209.PubMed
79.
Zurück zum Zitat McMullen ME, Hart ML, Walsh MC, Buras J, Takahashi K, Stahl GL. Mannose-binding lectin binds IgM to activate the lectin complement pathway in vitro and in vivo. Immunobiology. 2006;211:759–66.PubMed McMullen ME, Hart ML, Walsh MC, Buras J, Takahashi K, Stahl GL. Mannose-binding lectin binds IgM to activate the lectin complement pathway in vitro and in vivo. Immunobiology. 2006;211:759–66.PubMed
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Chan RK, Ibrahim SI, Takahashi K, Kwon E, McCormack M, Ezekowitz A, et al. The differing roles of the classical and mannose-binding lectin complement pathways in the events following skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion. J Immunol. 2006;177:8080–5.PubMed Chan RK, Ibrahim SI, Takahashi K, Kwon E, McCormack M, Ezekowitz A, et al. The differing roles of the classical and mannose-binding lectin complement pathways in the events following skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion. J Immunol. 2006;177:8080–5.PubMed
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Malhotra R, Wormald MR, Rudd PM, Fischer PB, Dwek RA, Sim RB. Glycosylation changes of IgG associated with rheumatoid arthritis can activate complement via the mannose-binding protein. Nat Med. 1995;1:237–43.PubMed Malhotra R, Wormald MR, Rudd PM, Fischer PB, Dwek RA, Sim RB. Glycosylation changes of IgG associated with rheumatoid arthritis can activate complement via the mannose-binding protein. Nat Med. 1995;1:237–43.PubMed
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Berger SP, Roos A, Mallat MJ, Fujita T, de Fijter JW, Daha MR. Association between mannose-binding lectin levels and graft survival in kidney transplantation. Am J Transpl. 2005;5:1361–6. Berger SP, Roos A, Mallat MJ, Fujita T, de Fijter JW, Daha MR. Association between mannose-binding lectin levels and graft survival in kidney transplantation. Am J Transpl. 2005;5:1361–6.
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Berger SP, Roos A, Mallat MJ, Schaapherder AF, Doxiadis II, van Kooten C, et al. Low pretransplantation mannose-binding lectin levels predict superior patient and graft survival after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;18:2416–22.PubMed Berger SP, Roos A, Mallat MJ, Schaapherder AF, Doxiadis II, van Kooten C, et al. Low pretransplantation mannose-binding lectin levels predict superior patient and graft survival after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;18:2416–22.PubMed
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Imai N, Nishi S, Alchi B, Ueno M, Fukase S, Arakawa M, et al. Immunohistochemical evidence of activated lectin pathway in kidney allografts with peritubular capillary C4d deposition. Nephrol Dial Transpl. 2006;21:2589–95. Imai N, Nishi S, Alchi B, Ueno M, Fukase S, Arakawa M, et al. Immunohistochemical evidence of activated lectin pathway in kidney allografts with peritubular capillary C4d deposition. Nephrol Dial Transpl. 2006;21:2589–95.
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Sund S, Hovig T, Reisaeter AV, Scott H, Bentdal O, Mollnes TE. Complement activation in early protocol kidney graft biopsies after living-donor transplantation. Transplantation. 2003;75:1204–13.PubMed Sund S, Hovig T, Reisaeter AV, Scott H, Bentdal O, Mollnes TE. Complement activation in early protocol kidney graft biopsies after living-donor transplantation. Transplantation. 2003;75:1204–13.PubMed
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Erdinc M, Mcgregor A, Lucas DP, Leffell MS, Montgomery RA, Zachary AA, et al. IVIg inhibits C1q- and mannose binding lectin (MBL)-dependent deposition of C4d by human alloantibodies. Am J Transpl. 2008;8(s2):568. Erdinc M, Mcgregor A, Lucas DP, Leffell MS, Montgomery RA, Zachary AA, et al. IVIg inhibits C1q- and mannose binding lectin (MBL)-dependent deposition of C4d by human alloantibodies. Am J Transpl. 2008;8(s2):568.
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Fiane AE, Ueland T, Simonsen S, Scott H, Endresen K, Gullestad L, et al. Low mannose-binding lectin and increased complement activation correlate to allograft vasculopathy, ischaemia, and rejection after human heart transplantation. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:1660–5.PubMed Fiane AE, Ueland T, Simonsen S, Scott H, Endresen K, Gullestad L, et al. Low mannose-binding lectin and increased complement activation correlate to allograft vasculopathy, ischaemia, and rejection after human heart transplantation. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:1660–5.PubMed
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Arnold JN, Wormald MR, Sim RB, Rudd PM, Dwek RA. The impact of glycosylation on the biological function and structure of human immunoglobulins. Annu Rev Immunol. 2007;25:21–50.PubMed Arnold JN, Wormald MR, Sim RB, Rudd PM, Dwek RA. The impact of glycosylation on the biological function and structure of human immunoglobulins. Annu Rev Immunol. 2007;25:21–50.PubMed
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Garred P, Madsen HO, Marquart H, Hansen TM, Sorensen SF, Petersen J, et al. Two edged role of mannose binding lectin in rheumatoid arthritis: a cross sectional study. J Rheumatol. 2000;27:26–34.PubMed Garred P, Madsen HO, Marquart H, Hansen TM, Sorensen SF, Petersen J, et al. Two edged role of mannose binding lectin in rheumatoid arthritis: a cross sectional study. J Rheumatol. 2000;27:26–34.PubMed
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Rademacher TW, Williams P, Dwek RA. Agalactosyl glycoforms of IgG autoantibodies are pathogenic. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994;91:6123–7.PubMed Rademacher TW, Williams P, Dwek RA. Agalactosyl glycoforms of IgG autoantibodies are pathogenic. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994;91:6123–7.PubMed
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Bond A, Alavi A, Axford JS, Bourke BE, Bruckner FE, Kerr MA, et al. A detailed lectin analysis of IgG glycosylation, demonstrating disease specific changes in terminal galactose and N-acetylglucosamine. J Autoimmun. 1997;10:77–85.PubMed Bond A, Alavi A, Axford JS, Bourke BE, Bruckner FE, Kerr MA, et al. A detailed lectin analysis of IgG glycosylation, demonstrating disease specific changes in terminal galactose and N-acetylglucosamine. J Autoimmun. 1997;10:77–85.PubMed
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Rook GA, Steele J, Brealey R, Whyte A, Isenberg D, Sumar N, et al. Changes in IgG glycoform levels are associated with remission of arthritis during pregnancy. J Autoimmun. 1991;4:779–94.PubMed Rook GA, Steele J, Brealey R, Whyte A, Isenberg D, Sumar N, et al. Changes in IgG glycoform levels are associated with remission of arthritis during pregnancy. J Autoimmun. 1991;4:779–94.PubMed
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Parekh RB, Dwek RA, Sutton BJ, Fernandes DL, Leung A, Stanworth D, et al. Association of rheumatoid arthritis and primary osteoarthritis with changes in the glycosylation pattern of total serum IgG. Nature. 1985;316:452–7.PubMed Parekh RB, Dwek RA, Sutton BJ, Fernandes DL, Leung A, Stanworth D, et al. Association of rheumatoid arthritis and primary osteoarthritis with changes in the glycosylation pattern of total serum IgG. Nature. 1985;316:452–7.PubMed
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Collins C, Tsui FW, Shulman MJ. Differential activation of human and guinea pig complement by pentameric and hexameric IgM. Eur J Immunol. 2002;32:1802–10.PubMed Collins C, Tsui FW, Shulman MJ. Differential activation of human and guinea pig complement by pentameric and hexameric IgM. Eur J Immunol. 2002;32:1802–10.PubMed
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Arnold JN, Wormald MR, Suter DM, Radcliffe CM, Harvey DJ, Dwek RA, et al. Human serum IgM glycosylation: identification of glycoforms that can bind to mannan-binding lectin. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:29080–7.PubMed Arnold JN, Wormald MR, Suter DM, Radcliffe CM, Harvey DJ, Dwek RA, et al. Human serum IgM glycosylation: identification of glycoforms that can bind to mannan-binding lectin. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:29080–7.PubMed
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Walsh MC, Bourcier T, Takahashi K, Shi L, Busche MN, Rother RP, et al. Mannose-binding lectin is a regulator of inflammation that accompanies myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. J Immunol. 2005;175:541–6.PubMed Walsh MC, Bourcier T, Takahashi K, Shi L, Busche MN, Rother RP, et al. Mannose-binding lectin is a regulator of inflammation that accompanies myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. J Immunol. 2005;175:541–6.PubMed
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Scornik JC, Clapp W, Patton PR, Van der Werf WJ, Hemming AW, Reed AI, et al. Outcome of kidney transplants in patients known to be flow cytometry crossmatch positive. Transplantation. 2001;71:1098–102.PubMed Scornik JC, Clapp W, Patton PR, Van der Werf WJ, Hemming AW, Reed AI, et al. Outcome of kidney transplants in patients known to be flow cytometry crossmatch positive. Transplantation. 2001;71:1098–102.PubMed
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Arnold ML, Zacher T, Dechant M, Kalden JR, Doxiadis II, Spriewald BM. Detection and specification of noncomplement binding anti-HLA alloantibodies. Hum Immunol. 2004;65:1288–96.PubMed Arnold ML, Zacher T, Dechant M, Kalden JR, Doxiadis II, Spriewald BM. Detection and specification of noncomplement binding anti-HLA alloantibodies. Hum Immunol. 2004;65:1288–96.PubMed
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Kushihata F, Watanabe J, Mulder A, Claas F, Scornik JC. Human leukocyte antigen antibodies and human complement activation: role of IgG subclass, specificity, and cytotoxic potential. Transplantation. 2004;78:995–1001.PubMed Kushihata F, Watanabe J, Mulder A, Claas F, Scornik JC. Human leukocyte antigen antibodies and human complement activation: role of IgG subclass, specificity, and cytotoxic potential. Transplantation. 2004;78:995–1001.PubMed
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Karuppan SS, Ohlman S, Moller E. The occurrence of cytotoxic and non-complement-fixing antibodies in the crossmatch serum of patients with early acute rejection episodes. Transplantation. 1992;54:839–44.PubMed Karuppan SS, Ohlman S, Moller E. The occurrence of cytotoxic and non-complement-fixing antibodies in the crossmatch serum of patients with early acute rejection episodes. Transplantation. 1992;54:839–44.PubMed
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Qian Z, Lee C, Murata K, Liu J, Fox-Talbot K, Wasowska B, et al. Antibody and complement mediated injury in transplants following sensitization by allogeneic blood transfusion. Transplantation. 2006;2006:857–64. Qian Z, Lee C, Murata K, Liu J, Fox-Talbot K, Wasowska B, et al. Antibody and complement mediated injury in transplants following sensitization by allogeneic blood transfusion. Transplantation. 2006;2006:857–64.
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Benzaquen LR, Nicholson-Weller A, Halperin JA. Terminal complement proteins C5b-9 release basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor from endothelial cells. J Exp Med. 1994;179:985–92.PubMed Benzaquen LR, Nicholson-Weller A, Halperin JA. Terminal complement proteins C5b-9 release basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor from endothelial cells. J Exp Med. 1994;179:985–92.PubMed
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Kilgore KS, Flory CM, Miller BF, Evans VM, Warren JS. The membrane attack complex of complement induces interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion from human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Am J Pathol. 1996;149:953–61.PubMed Kilgore KS, Flory CM, Miller BF, Evans VM, Warren JS. The membrane attack complex of complement induces interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion from human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Am J Pathol. 1996;149:953–61.PubMed
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Rus HG, Niculescu FI, Shin M. Role of the C5b-9 complement complex in cell cycle and apoptosis. Immunol Rev. 2001;180:49–55.PubMed Rus HG, Niculescu FI, Shin M. Role of the C5b-9 complement complex in cell cycle and apoptosis. Immunol Rev. 2001;180:49–55.PubMed
105.
Zurück zum Zitat DiScipio RG, Daffern PJ, Jagels MA, Broide DH, Sriramarao P. A comparison of C3a and C5a-mediated stable adhesion of rolling eosinophils in postcapillary venules and transendothelial migration in vitro and in vivo. J Immunol. 1999;162:1127–36.PubMed DiScipio RG, Daffern PJ, Jagels MA, Broide DH, Sriramarao P. A comparison of C3a and C5a-mediated stable adhesion of rolling eosinophils in postcapillary venules and transendothelial migration in vitro and in vivo. J Immunol. 1999;162:1127–36.PubMed
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Nataf S, Davoust N, Ames RS, Barnum SR. Human T cells express the C5a receptor and are chemoattracted to C5a. J Immunol. 1999;162:4018–23.PubMed Nataf S, Davoust N, Ames RS, Barnum SR. Human T cells express the C5a receptor and are chemoattracted to C5a. J Immunol. 1999;162:4018–23.PubMed
107.
Zurück zum Zitat Schraufstatter IU, Trieu K, Sikora L, Sriramarao P, DiScipio R. Complement c3a and c5a induce different signal transduction cascades in endothelial cells. J Immunol. 2002;169:2102–10.PubMed Schraufstatter IU, Trieu K, Sikora L, Sriramarao P, DiScipio R. Complement c3a and c5a induce different signal transduction cascades in endothelial cells. J Immunol. 2002;169:2102–10.PubMed
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Laudes IJ, Chu JC, Huber-Lang M, Guo RF, Riedemann NC, Sarma JV, et al. Expression and function of C5a receptor in mouse microvascular endothelial cells. J Immunol. 2002;169:5962–70.PubMed Laudes IJ, Chu JC, Huber-Lang M, Guo RF, Riedemann NC, Sarma JV, et al. Expression and function of C5a receptor in mouse microvascular endothelial cells. J Immunol. 2002;169:5962–70.PubMed
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Bian H, Reed EF. Alloantibody-mediated class I signal transduction in endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells: enhancement by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. J Immunol. 1999;163:1010–8.PubMed Bian H, Reed EF. Alloantibody-mediated class I signal transduction in endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells: enhancement by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. J Immunol. 1999;163:1010–8.PubMed
110.
Zurück zum Zitat Reznik SI, Jaramillo A, Zhang L, Patterson GA, Cooper JD, Mohanakumar T. Anti-HLA antibody binding to hla class I molecules induces proliferation of airway epithelial cells: a potential mechanism for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000;119:39–45.PubMed Reznik SI, Jaramillo A, Zhang L, Patterson GA, Cooper JD, Mohanakumar T. Anti-HLA antibody binding to hla class I molecules induces proliferation of airway epithelial cells: a potential mechanism for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000;119:39–45.PubMed
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Millan MT, Geczy C, Stuhlmeier KM, Goodman DJ, Ferran C, Bach FH. Human monocytes activate porcine endothelial cells, resulting in increased E-selectin, interleukin-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-type-1 expression. Transplantation. 1997;63:421–9.PubMed Millan MT, Geczy C, Stuhlmeier KM, Goodman DJ, Ferran C, Bach FH. Human monocytes activate porcine endothelial cells, resulting in increased E-selectin, interleukin-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-type-1 expression. Transplantation. 1997;63:421–9.PubMed
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Vos IH, Briscoe DM. Endothelial injury: cause and effect of alloimmune inflammation. Transpl Infect Dis. 2002;4:152–9.PubMed Vos IH, Briscoe DM. Endothelial injury: cause and effect of alloimmune inflammation. Transpl Infect Dis. 2002;4:152–9.PubMed
113.
Zurück zum Zitat Pidwell DJ, Heller MJ, Gabler D, Orosz CG. In vitro stimulation of human endothelial cells by sera from a subpopulation of high-percentage panel-reactive antibody patients. Transplantation. 1995;60:563–9.PubMed Pidwell DJ, Heller MJ, Gabler D, Orosz CG. In vitro stimulation of human endothelial cells by sera from a subpopulation of high-percentage panel-reactive antibody patients. Transplantation. 1995;60:563–9.PubMed
114.
Zurück zum Zitat Fredrich R, Toyoda M, Czer LS, Galfayan K, Galera O, Trento A, et al. The clinical significance of antibodies to human vascular endothelial cells after cardiac transplantation. Transplantation. 1999;67:385–91.PubMed Fredrich R, Toyoda M, Czer LS, Galfayan K, Galera O, Trento A, et al. The clinical significance of antibodies to human vascular endothelial cells after cardiac transplantation. Transplantation. 1999;67:385–91.PubMed
115.
Zurück zum Zitat Harris PE, Bian H, Reed EF. Induction of high affinity fibroblast growth factor receptor expression and proliferation in human endothelial cells by anti-HLA antibodies: a possible mechanism for transplant atherosclerosis. J Immunol. 1997;159:5697–704.PubMed Harris PE, Bian H, Reed EF. Induction of high affinity fibroblast growth factor receptor expression and proliferation in human endothelial cells by anti-HLA antibodies: a possible mechanism for transplant atherosclerosis. J Immunol. 1997;159:5697–704.PubMed
116.
Zurück zum Zitat Narayanan K, Jendrisak MD, Phelan DL, Mohanakumar T. HLA class I antibody mediated accommodation of endothelial cells via the activation of PI3K/cAMP dependent PKA pathway. Transpl Immunol. 2006;15:187–97.PubMed Narayanan K, Jendrisak MD, Phelan DL, Mohanakumar T. HLA class I antibody mediated accommodation of endothelial cells via the activation of PI3K/cAMP dependent PKA pathway. Transpl Immunol. 2006;15:187–97.PubMed
117.
Zurück zum Zitat Narayanan K, Naziruddin B, Phelan D, Mohanakumar T. Mechanism for in vitro “accommodation” of human aortic endothelial cells by alloantibodies specific for HLA molecules: down regulation of adhesion molecules and over expression of protective genes. Hum Immunol. 2002;63(10 Suppl):S19. Narayanan K, Naziruddin B, Phelan D, Mohanakumar T. Mechanism for in vitro “accommodation” of human aortic endothelial cells by alloantibodies specific for HLA molecules: down regulation of adhesion molecules and over expression of protective genes. Hum Immunol. 2002;63(10 Suppl):S19.
118.
Zurück zum Zitat Soares MP, Lin Y, Anrather J, Csizmadia E, Takigami K, Sato K, et al. Expression of heme oxygenase-1 can determine cardiac xenograft survival. Nat Med. 1998;4:1073–7.PubMed Soares MP, Lin Y, Anrather J, Csizmadia E, Takigami K, Sato K, et al. Expression of heme oxygenase-1 can determine cardiac xenograft survival. Nat Med. 1998;4:1073–7.PubMed
119.
Zurück zum Zitat Soares MP, Seldon MP, Gregoire IP, Vassilevskaia T, Berberat PO, Yu J, et al. Heme oxygenase-1 modulates the expression of adhesion molecules associated with endothelial cell activation. J Immunol. 2004;172:3553–63.PubMed Soares MP, Seldon MP, Gregoire IP, Vassilevskaia T, Berberat PO, Yu J, et al. Heme oxygenase-1 modulates the expression of adhesion molecules associated with endothelial cell activation. J Immunol. 2004;172:3553–63.PubMed
120.
Zurück zum Zitat Abdullah N, Greenman J, Pimendiou A, Topping KP, Monson JR. The role of monocytes and natural killer cells in mediating antibody-dependent lysis of colorectal tumor cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 1999;48:517–24.PubMed Abdullah N, Greenman J, Pimendiou A, Topping KP, Monson JR. The role of monocytes and natural killer cells in mediating antibody-dependent lysis of colorectal tumor cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 1999;48:517–24.PubMed
121.
Zurück zum Zitat Macdermott RP, Nash GS, Merkle NS, Weinrieb IJ, Bertovich MJ, Formeister JF. Further evidence that antibody-dependent and spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity are mediated by different processes or cell types. Immunology. 1980;41:439–47.PubMed Macdermott RP, Nash GS, Merkle NS, Weinrieb IJ, Bertovich MJ, Formeister JF. Further evidence that antibody-dependent and spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity are mediated by different processes or cell types. Immunology. 1980;41:439–47.PubMed
122.
Zurück zum Zitat Miltenburg AMM, Meijer-Paape ME, Weening JJ, Daha MR, van Es LA, van der Woude FJ. Induction of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against endothelial cells by renal transplantation. Transplantation. 1989;48:681.PubMed Miltenburg AMM, Meijer-Paape ME, Weening JJ, Daha MR, van Es LA, van der Woude FJ. Induction of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against endothelial cells by renal transplantation. Transplantation. 1989;48:681.PubMed
123.
Zurück zum Zitat van de Winkel JG, Capel PJ. Human IgG Fc receptor heterogeneity: molecular aspects and clinical implications. Immunol Today. 1993;14:215–21.PubMed van de Winkel JG, Capel PJ. Human IgG Fc receptor heterogeneity: molecular aspects and clinical implications. Immunol Today. 1993;14:215–21.PubMed
124.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmidt RE, Gessner JE. Fc receptors and their interaction with complement in autoimmunity. Immunol Lett. 2005;100:56–67.PubMed Schmidt RE, Gessner JE. Fc receptors and their interaction with complement in autoimmunity. Immunol Lett. 2005;100:56–67.PubMed
125.
Zurück zum Zitat Ravetch JV, Bolland S. IgG Fc receptors. Annu Rev Immunol. 2001;19:275–90.PubMed Ravetch JV, Bolland S. IgG Fc receptors. Annu Rev Immunol. 2001;19:275–90.PubMed
126.
Zurück zum Zitat Daeron M. Fc receptor biology. Annu Rev Immunol. 1997;15:203–34.PubMed Daeron M. Fc receptor biology. Annu Rev Immunol. 1997;15:203–34.PubMed
127.
Zurück zum Zitat Bolland S, Ravetch JV. Inhibitory pathways triggered by ITIM-containing receptors. Adv Immunol. 1999;72:149–77.PubMed Bolland S, Ravetch JV. Inhibitory pathways triggered by ITIM-containing receptors. Adv Immunol. 1999;72:149–77.PubMed
128.
Zurück zum Zitat Nimmerjahn F, Ravetch JV. Fc-receptors as regulators of immunity. Adv Immunol. 2007;96:179–204.PubMed Nimmerjahn F, Ravetch JV. Fc-receptors as regulators of immunity. Adv Immunol. 2007;96:179–204.PubMed
129.
Zurück zum Zitat Nimmerjahn F, Bruhns P, Horiuchi K, Ravetch JV. FcgammaRIV: a novel FcR with distinct IgG subclass specificity. Immunity. 2005;23:41–51.PubMed Nimmerjahn F, Bruhns P, Horiuchi K, Ravetch JV. FcgammaRIV: a novel FcR with distinct IgG subclass specificity. Immunity. 2005;23:41–51.PubMed
130.
Zurück zum Zitat Nimmerjahn F, Ravetch JV. Fcgamma receptors as regulators of immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008;8:34–47. Nimmerjahn F, Ravetch JV. Fcgamma receptors as regulators of immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008;8:34–47.
131.
Zurück zum Zitat Boot JHA, Geerts MEJ, Aarden LA. Functional polymorphisms of Fc receptor in human monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity towards erythrocytes induced by murine isotype switch variants. J Immunol. 1989;142:1217.PubMed Boot JHA, Geerts MEJ, Aarden LA. Functional polymorphisms of Fc receptor in human monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity towards erythrocytes induced by murine isotype switch variants. J Immunol. 1989;142:1217.PubMed
132.
Zurück zum Zitat Ravetch JV, Kinet JP. Fc receptors. Annu Rev Immunol. 1991;9:457–92.PubMed Ravetch JV, Kinet JP. Fc receptors. Annu Rev Immunol. 1991;9:457–92.PubMed
133.
Zurück zum Zitat Dijstelbloem HM, van de Winkel JG, Kallenberg CG. Inflammation in immunity: receptors for IgG revisited. Trends Immunol. 2001;22:510–6.PubMed Dijstelbloem HM, van de Winkel JG, Kallenberg CG. Inflammation in immunity: receptors for IgG revisited. Trends Immunol. 2001;22:510–6.PubMed
134.
Zurück zum Zitat Kirby JA, Givan AL, Shenton BK, Talbot D, Forsythe JL, Lennard TW, et al. Renal allograft rejection. Possible involvement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Transplantation. 1990;50:225–9.PubMed Kirby JA, Givan AL, Shenton BK, Talbot D, Forsythe JL, Lennard TW, et al. Renal allograft rejection. Possible involvement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Transplantation. 1990;50:225–9.PubMed
135.
Zurück zum Zitat Marsh CB, Wewers MD, Tan LC, Rovin BH. Fc(gamma) receptor cross-linking induces peripheral blood mononuclear cell monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression: role of lymphocyte Fc(gamma)RIII. J Immunol. 1997;158:1078–84.PubMed Marsh CB, Wewers MD, Tan LC, Rovin BH. Fc(gamma) receptor cross-linking induces peripheral blood mononuclear cell monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression: role of lymphocyte Fc(gamma)RIII. J Immunol. 1997;158:1078–84.PubMed
136.
Zurück zum Zitat Marsh CB, Gadek JE, Kindt GC, Moore SA, Wewers MD. Monocyte Fc gamma receptor cross-linking induces IL-8 production. J Immunol. 1995;155:3161–7.PubMed Marsh CB, Gadek JE, Kindt GC, Moore SA, Wewers MD. Monocyte Fc gamma receptor cross-linking induces IL-8 production. J Immunol. 1995;155:3161–7.PubMed
137.
Zurück zum Zitat Sekine Y, Yasufuku K, Heidler KM, Cummings OW, Van Rooijen N, Fujisawa T, et al. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and RANTES are chemotactic for graft infiltrating lymphocytes during acute lung allograft rejection. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2000;23:719–26.PubMed Sekine Y, Yasufuku K, Heidler KM, Cummings OW, Van Rooijen N, Fujisawa T, et al. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and RANTES are chemotactic for graft infiltrating lymphocytes during acute lung allograft rejection. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2000;23:719–26.PubMed
138.
Zurück zum Zitat Nadeau KC, Azuma H, Tilney NL. Sequential cytokine expression in renal allografts in rats immunosuppressed with maintenance cyclosporine or mycophenolate mofetil. Transplantation. 1996;62:1363–6.PubMed Nadeau KC, Azuma H, Tilney NL. Sequential cytokine expression in renal allografts in rats immunosuppressed with maintenance cyclosporine or mycophenolate mofetil. Transplantation. 1996;62:1363–6.PubMed
139.
Zurück zum Zitat Russell ME, Wallace AF, Hancock WW, Sayegh MH, Adams DH, Sibinga NE, et al. Upregulation of cytokines associated with macrophage activation in the Lewis-to-F344 rat transplantation model of chronic cardiac rejection. Transplantation. 1995;59:572–8.PubMed Russell ME, Wallace AF, Hancock WW, Sayegh MH, Adams DH, Sibinga NE, et al. Upregulation of cytokines associated with macrophage activation in the Lewis-to-F344 rat transplantation model of chronic cardiac rejection. Transplantation. 1995;59:572–8.PubMed
140.
Zurück zum Zitat Lones MA, Czer LS, Trento A, Harasty D, Miller JM, Fishbein MC. Clinical-pathologic features of humoral rejection in cardiac allografts: a study in 81 consecutive patients. J Heart Lung Transpl. 1995;14:151–62. Lones MA, Czer LS, Trento A, Harasty D, Miller JM, Fishbein MC. Clinical-pathologic features of humoral rejection in cardiac allografts: a study in 81 consecutive patients. J Heart Lung Transpl. 1995;14:151–62.
141.
Zurück zum Zitat Magil AB, Tinckam K. Monocytes and peritubular capillary C4d deposition in acute renal allograft rejection. Kidney Int. 2003;63:1888–93.PubMed Magil AB, Tinckam K. Monocytes and peritubular capillary C4d deposition in acute renal allograft rejection. Kidney Int. 2003;63:1888–93.PubMed
142.
Zurück zum Zitat Erwig LP, Kluth DC, Walsh GM, Rees AJ. Initial cytokine exposure determines function of macrophages and renders them unresponsive to other cytokines. J Immunol. 1998;161:1983–8.PubMed Erwig LP, Kluth DC, Walsh GM, Rees AJ. Initial cytokine exposure determines function of macrophages and renders them unresponsive to other cytokines. J Immunol. 1998;161:1983–8.PubMed
143.
Zurück zum Zitat Chouchakova N, Skokowa J, Baumann U, Tschernig T, Philippens KM, Nieswandt B, et al. Fc gamma RIII-mediated production of TNF-alpha induces immune complex alveolitis independently of CXC chemokine generation. J Immunol. 2001;166:5193–200.PubMed Chouchakova N, Skokowa J, Baumann U, Tschernig T, Philippens KM, Nieswandt B, et al. Fc gamma RIII-mediated production of TNF-alpha induces immune complex alveolitis independently of CXC chemokine generation. J Immunol. 2001;166:5193–200.PubMed
144.
Zurück zum Zitat Latour S, Bonnerot C, Fridman WH, Daeron M. Induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by mast cells via Fc gamma R. Role of the Fc gamma RIII gamma subunit. J Immunol. 1992;149:2155–62.PubMed Latour S, Bonnerot C, Fridman WH, Daeron M. Induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by mast cells via Fc gamma R. Role of the Fc gamma RIII gamma subunit. J Immunol. 1992;149:2155–62.PubMed
145.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang ZQ, Bapat AS, Rayanade RJ, Dagtas AS, Hoffmann MK. Interleukin-10 induces macrophage apoptosis and expression of CD16 (FcgammaRIII) whose engagement blocks the cell death programme and facilitates differentiation. Immunology. 2001;102:331–7.PubMed Wang ZQ, Bapat AS, Rayanade RJ, Dagtas AS, Hoffmann MK. Interleukin-10 induces macrophage apoptosis and expression of CD16 (FcgammaRIII) whose engagement blocks the cell death programme and facilitates differentiation. Immunology. 2001;102:331–7.PubMed
146.
Zurück zum Zitat Coxon A, Cullere X, Knight S, Sethi S, Wakelin MW, Stavrakis G, et al. Fc gamma RIII mediates neutrophil recruitment to immune complexes. A mechanism for neutrophil accumulation in immune-mediated inflammation. Immunity. 2001;14:693–704.PubMed Coxon A, Cullere X, Knight S, Sethi S, Wakelin MW, Stavrakis G, et al. Fc gamma RIII mediates neutrophil recruitment to immune complexes. A mechanism for neutrophil accumulation in immune-mediated inflammation. Immunity. 2001;14:693–704.PubMed
147.
Zurück zum Zitat Abrahams VM, Cambridge G, Lydyard PM, Edwards JC. Induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha production by adhered human monocytes: a key role for Fcgamma receptor type IIIa in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43:608–16.PubMed Abrahams VM, Cambridge G, Lydyard PM, Edwards JC. Induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha production by adhered human monocytes: a key role for Fcgamma receptor type IIIa in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43:608–16.PubMed
148.
Zurück zum Zitat Shushakova N, Skokowa J, Schulman J, Baumann U, Zwirner J, Schmidt RE, et al. C5a anaphylatoxin is a major regulator of activating versus inhibitory FcgammaRs in immune complex-induced lung disease. J Clin Investig. 2002;110:1823–30.PubMed Shushakova N, Skokowa J, Schulman J, Baumann U, Zwirner J, Schmidt RE, et al. C5a anaphylatoxin is a major regulator of activating versus inhibitory FcgammaRs in immune complex-induced lung disease. J Clin Investig. 2002;110:1823–30.PubMed
149.
Zurück zum Zitat Kumar V, Ali SR, Konrad S, Zwirner J, Verbeek JS, Schmidt RE, et al. Cell-derived anaphylatoxins as key mediators of antibody-dependent type II autoimmunity in mice. J Clin Investig. 2006;116:512–20.PubMed Kumar V, Ali SR, Konrad S, Zwirner J, Verbeek JS, Schmidt RE, et al. Cell-derived anaphylatoxins as key mediators of antibody-dependent type II autoimmunity in mice. J Clin Investig. 2006;116:512–20.PubMed
150.
Zurück zum Zitat Bajtay Z, Jozsi M, Banki Z, Thiel S, Thielens N, Erdei A. Mannan-binding lectin and C1q bind to distinct structures and exert differential effects on macrophages. Eur J Immunol. 2000;30:1706–13.PubMed Bajtay Z, Jozsi M, Banki Z, Thiel S, Thielens N, Erdei A. Mannan-binding lectin and C1q bind to distinct structures and exert differential effects on macrophages. Eur J Immunol. 2000;30:1706–13.PubMed
151.
Zurück zum Zitat Mcgregor A, Fox-Talbot K, Velidedeoglu E, Baldwin WMI, Wasowska BA. The absence of FcgRIII results in increased pro-inflammatory response in FcgRIII KO cardiac allograft recipients. Am J Transpl. 2009;9(s2):481. Mcgregor A, Fox-Talbot K, Velidedeoglu E, Baldwin WMI, Wasowska BA. The absence of FcgRIII results in increased pro-inflammatory response in FcgRIII KO cardiac allograft recipients. Am J Transpl. 2009;9(s2):481.
152.
Zurück zum Zitat Park-Min KH, Serbina NV, Yang W, Ma X, Krystal G, Neel BG, et al. FcgammaRIII-dependent inhibition of interferon-gamma responses mediates suppressive effects of intravenous immune globulin. Immunity. 2007;26:67–78.PubMed Park-Min KH, Serbina NV, Yang W, Ma X, Krystal G, Neel BG, et al. FcgammaRIII-dependent inhibition of interferon-gamma responses mediates suppressive effects of intravenous immune globulin. Immunity. 2007;26:67–78.PubMed
153.
Zurück zum Zitat Clynes R. IVIG therapy: interfering with interferon-gamma. Immunity. 2007;26:4–6. Clynes R. IVIG therapy: interfering with interferon-gamma. Immunity. 2007;26:4–6.
154.
Zurück zum Zitat Clynes R. Protective mechanisms of IVIG. Curr Opin Immunol. 2007;19:646–51. Clynes R. Protective mechanisms of IVIG. Curr Opin Immunol. 2007;19:646–51.
Metadaten
Titel
Mechanisms involved in antibody- and complement-mediated allograft rejection
verfasst von
Barbara A. Wasowska
Publikationsdatum
01.07.2010
Verlag
Humana Press Inc
Erschienen in
Immunologic Research / Ausgabe 1-3/2010
Print ISSN: 0257-277X
Elektronische ISSN: 1559-0755
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-009-8136-3

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1-3/2010

Immunologic Research 1-3/2010 Zur Ausgabe

Akuter Schwindel: Wann lohnt sich eine MRT?

28.04.2024 Schwindel Nachrichten

Akuter Schwindel stellt oft eine diagnostische Herausforderung dar. Wie nützlich dabei eine MRT ist, hat eine Studie aus Finnland untersucht. Immerhin einer von sechs Patienten wurde mit akutem ischämischem Schlaganfall diagnostiziert.

Bei schweren Reaktionen auf Insektenstiche empfiehlt sich eine spezifische Immuntherapie

Insektenstiche sind bei Erwachsenen die häufigsten Auslöser einer Anaphylaxie. Einen wirksamen Schutz vor schweren anaphylaktischen Reaktionen bietet die allergenspezifische Immuntherapie. Jedoch kommt sie noch viel zu selten zum Einsatz.

HNO-Op. auch mit über 90?

16.04.2024 HNO-Chirurgie Nachrichten

Mit Blick auf das Risiko für Komplikationen nach elektiven Eingriffen im HNO-Bereich scheint das Alter der Patienten kein ausschlaggebender Faktor zu sein. Entscheidend ist offenbar, wie fit die Betroffenen tatsächlich sind.

Intrakapsuläre Tonsillektomie gewinnt an Boden

16.04.2024 Tonsillektomie Nachrichten

Gegenüber der vollständigen Entfernung der Gaumenmandeln hat die intrakapsuläre Tonsillektomie einige Vorteile, wie HNO-Fachleute aus den USA hervorheben. Sie haben die aktuelle Literatur zu dem Verfahren gesichtet.

Update HNO

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert – ganz bequem per eMail.