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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 4/2018

05.02.2018 | Tremor | Leitthema

Pathophysiologie des Tremors

verfasst von: Jun-Prof. Dr. Ing M. Muthuraman, Prof. Dr. med A. Schnitzler, Prof. Dr. S. Groppa

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 4/2018

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Zusammenfassung

Tremor ist klinisch als rhythmische, oszillierende Bewegung von Körperpartien definiert, die funktionell zu einer Beeinträchtigung der Koordination und Ausführung zielgerichteter Bewegungen führen kann. Er kann Symptom einer Grunderkrankung sein, wie beispielweise der Ruhetremor bei Morbus Parkinson, oder als eigenständige Krankheit auftreten, wie z. B. der essenzielle oder der orthostatische Tremor. Bei der Entstehung von Tremor spielen sowohl zerebrale als auch spinale und muskuläre Mechanismen eine wichtige Rolle. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt die Ergebnisse neuer bildgebender und elektrophysiologischer Untersuchungen dar, die zu wichtigen Fortschritten in unserem Verständnis der Pathophysiologie von Tremorerkrankungen geführt haben. Wir diskutieren Modelle für die Entstehung des Ruhetremors bei M. Parkinson, des essenziellen und des orthostatischen Tremors. Dabei schildern wir die aktuellen Weiterentwicklungen vom klassischen Generator-Modell mit einer Beteiligung einzelner zerebraler Regionen hin zu einer Netzwerkperspektive, in der pathologische Oszillationen durch Interaktionen in den neuronalen Netzwerken entstehen und sich ausbreiten. Dabei werden insbesondere neue translationale Ansätze vorgestellt, die als Grundlage für die Entwicklung neuer Therapiestrategien dienen könnten.
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Metadaten
Titel
Pathophysiologie des Tremors
verfasst von
Jun-Prof. Dr. Ing M. Muthuraman
Prof. Dr. med A. Schnitzler
Prof. Dr. S. Groppa
Publikationsdatum
05.02.2018
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 4/2018
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-018-0490-8

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