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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 1/2007

01.01.2007 | Übersichten

Neuere Antipsychotika

Unterschiede im Nebenwirkungsprofil bei Frauen und Männern

verfasst von: W. Aichhorn, A. B. Whitworth, E. M. Weiss, H. Hinterhuber, Dr. J. Marksteiner

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 1/2007

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Zusammenfassung

In dieser Übersichtsarbeit diskutieren wir, ob es geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede im Nebenwirkungsprofil von Antipsychotika (AP) der 2. Generation gibt. Die Ergebnisse stützen sich auf eine Medline-Suche für die Jahre 1974 bis Dezember 2005. Obwohl sich Frauen und Männer in ihrer Pharmakokinetik unterscheiden, wurden höhere Plasmaspiegel bei Frauen bisher nur für Clozapin und Olanzapin nachgewiesen. Eine Hyperprolaktinämie, die besonders unter Risperidon und Amisulprid gefunden wird, ist bei Frauen im Vergleich zu Männern stärker ausgeprägt. Die meisten Studien zeigen, dass Clozapin und Olanzapin mit der stärksten Gewichtszunahme einhergehen und dass diese bei Frauen tendenziell stärker ist. Die wenigen Studien, die es gibt, geben weiter eine höhere Prävalenz des metabolischen Syndroms bei Frauen an. Für die neueren AP gibt es sehr wahrscheinlich keine geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede in der Häufigkeit und Schwere von akuten oder chronischen Bewegungsstörungen. Frauen besitzen hingegen ein erhöhtes Risiko einer Störung der kardialen Repolarisation (QT-Verlängerung) mit der Gefahr von Torsades-de-Pointes-Arrhythmien unter antipsychotischer Therapie. Zusammenfassend finden sich zwar deutliche Hinweise auf geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede im Nebenwirkungsprofil der neueren AP, doch gerade in der Beurteilung etwaiger klinischer Konsequenzen bleibt vieles zurzeit noch spekulativ. Wir benötigen prospektive Studien, die geschlechtsspezifische Aspekte als primäre Untersuchungsparameter haben, um die Bedeutung dieser Unterschiede für die Behandlung von Frauen verlässlich abschätzen zu können.
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Metadaten
Titel
Neuere Antipsychotika
Unterschiede im Nebenwirkungsprofil bei Frauen und Männern
verfasst von
W. Aichhorn
A. B. Whitworth
E. M. Weiss
H. Hinterhuber
Dr. J. Marksteiner
Publikationsdatum
01.01.2007
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 1/2007
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-006-2112-0

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