Migraine without aura is the most known and widespread primary headache, more than one person out of 10 suffers from this form. The management of the migraine patient is complex and can not be separated from a pharmacological approach, considering that alternative and complementary therapies are increasingly present in patient management [1, 2]. This study aimed to verify the efficacy of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) in patients with migraine without aura.
Methods
Eight subjects, three males and five females with migraine without aura (IHS: 1.1-ICD10:G43.0), selected at a private medical office, were included in a single treatment group. Four treatments were carried out in 8 weeks. Outcome measures were frequency of attacks, drug taking, MIDAS, HIT-6, SF-36 and BAQ (Body Awareness Questionnaire). Outcomes were measured at baseline (t0), 1 month after the last treatment (t1), and 3 months after the last treatment (t2), all subjects filled in a headache diary from three months before t0 and for the duration of the study and continued drug therapy prescribed.
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Results
In the first session there was a prevalence of 100% of somatic dysfunctions (SD) in C1-occipital joint and in the other session a prevalence of 37% in the same joint (Table 1) was detected. Between sessions of OMT a reduction of SD was observed showing a significant reduction of total dysfunction at third (p = 0.01) and fourth (p = 0.001) treatment (Figure 1), the SD Musculoskeletal at fourth treatment (p = 0.02) (Figure 2) and those of the craniosacral system at the second (p = 0.04), the third (p = 0.02) and fourth (p = 0.001) treatment (Figure 3). Significant results were observed on the HIT-6 scale at t2 (p = 0.05) (Figure 4), MIDAS b scale score at t1 (p = 0.01) and t2 (p = 0.03) (Figure 5) and SF-36 scale at t1 (p = 0.02) and t2 (p = 0.01) (Figure 6). BAQ, the other item of MIDAS and the results of the headache diary, despite the reduction in the scores, did not produce significant results in the days of migraine attacks and medication taking (Figure 7).
Table 1
Prevalence (%) of somatic dysfunction per OMT session. Other dysfunctions have reported lower prevalences.
Absolute frequency of total SD detected in the four OMT sessions. at = 2.71 p = 0.01 CI = 0.61-5.62; bt = 3.96 p = 0.001 CI = 2.21-7.52
Figure 2
Absolute frequency of Musculoskeletal SD detected in the four OMT sessions.at = 2.64 p = 0.02 CI = 0.59-5.90
Figure 3
Absolute frequency DS craniosacral system detected in the four OMT sessions. at = 2.18 p = 0.04 CI = 0.02-1.97; bt = 2.62 p = 0.02 CI = 0.22-2.27; ct = 3.93 p = 0.001 CI = 0.61-2.12
Figure 4
Average scores of the HIT-6. at = 2.13 p = 0.05 CI = 0.03-12.53
Figure 5
Average scores of the MIDAS b. at = 2.68 p = 0.01 CI = 0.41-3.84; bt = 2.33 p = 0.03 CI = 0.15-3.6
Figure 6
Average scores of the SF-36. at = 2.43 p = 0.02 CI = 1.6-25.39; bt = 3.01 p = 0.01 CI = 4.26-26.47
Figure 7
Absolute frequency in days of migraine attacks and taking drugs.
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Conclusions
This study suggests that OMT has a positive effect on pain reduction and quality of life improvement in patients with migraine without aura. Future studies, contemplate including assessment of anxiety and depression, the use of a control group and follow-up in the long term.
Written informed consent to publish was obtained from the patient(s).
Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
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