Skip to main content
Hauptrubriken
CME Facharzt-Training Webinare Zeitschriften Bücher e.Medpedia Podcast
Service
Jobbörse Info & Hilfe
Fachgebiete
Anästhesiologie Allgemeinmedizin Arbeitsmedizin Augenheilkunde Chirurgie Dermatologie Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe HNO Innere Medizin Kardiologie Neurologie Onkologie und Hämatologie Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie Pädiatrie Pathologie Psychiatrie Radiologie Rechtsmedizin Urologie Zahnmedizin
Themen
Klimawandel und Gesundheit Neues aus dem Markt COVID-19 Praxis und Beruf Seltene Erkrankungen GOÄ & EBM Panorama
Sammlungen
Kasuistiken Algorithmen & Infografiken Blickdiagnosen Arthropedia FlapFinder (für Dermatochirurgen) Videos Kongressberichterstattung Medizin für Apothekerinnen und Apotheker Für Ärztinnen und Ärzte in Weiterbildung Für Medizinstudierende
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
Erschienen in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 12/2015

01.12.2015 | Original Paper

One-year incidence and prevalence of seclusion: Dutch findings in an international perspective

verfasst von: Eric Noorthoorn, Peter Lepping, Wim Janssen, Adriaan Hoogendoorn, Henk Nijman, Guy Widdershoven, Tilman Steinert

Erschienen in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology | Ausgabe 12/2015

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Background

The Netherlands started a nationwide coercion reduction program in 2007. In 2011, accurate registration of coercive measures became obligatory by law.

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare number and duration of coercive measures in the Netherlands with international data.

Methods

2011 data on coercive measures were collected, using a system developed in Germany. To understand determinants of coercion, multilevel logistic regression was performed.

Results

12.0 % (n = 5169) of patients (n = 42.960) in 2011 experienced at least one coercive measure. Exposure to coercion was comparable to other countries, and duration was higher. Medication use seemed to half average times in seclusion. In the Netherlands, coercion mainly constituted of seclusion and occurred in bipolar and psychotic disorders. In Germany, coercion was mostly mechanical restraint and occurred in organic disorders and schizophrenia.

Conclusions

Gathering comprehensive data allows comparisons between countries, increasing our understanding of the impact of different cultures, legislation and health care systems on coercion. In the Netherlands, seclusion is still the main type of coercion, despite significant improvements in the last few years. It is shorter when applied in combination with enforced medication.
Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
1.
Steinert T, Lepping P, Bernardsgrütter B, Conca A, Hatling T, Janssen W, Keski-Valkama A, Mayoral F, Whittington R (2010) Incidence of seclusion and restraint in psychiatric hospitals: a literature review and survey of international trends. Social Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 45:889–897
2.
Whittington R, Bowers L, Nolan P, Simpson A, Niel L (2006) Approval ratings of inpatient coercive interventions in a national sample of mental health service users and staff in England. Psychiatr Serv 60(6):792–798CrossRef
3.
Steinert T, Lepping P (2009) Legal provisions and practice in the management of violent patients. A case vignette study in 16 European countries. Eur Psychiatry 24(2):135–141CrossRefPubMed
4.
Bowers L, Alexander J, Simpson A, Ryan C, Carr-Walker P (2004) Cultures of psychiatry and the professional socialization process: the case of containment methods for disturbed patients. Nurse Educ Today 24:435–442CrossRefPubMed
5.
Bowers L, Brennan G, Flood C, Lipang M, Oladapo P (2006) Preliminary outcomes of a trial to reduce conflict and containment on acute psychiatric wards: city Nurses. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 13:165–172CrossRefPubMed
6.
Abderhalden C, Needham I, Dassen T, Halfens R, Haug HJ, Fisher JE (2008) Structured risk assessment and violence in acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 193:44–50CrossRefPubMed
7.
Van de Sande R, Nijman HLI, Noorthoorn EO, Wierdsma AI, Hellendoorn E, van der Staak C, Mulder CL (2011) Aggression and seclusion on acute psychiatric wards: effect of short-term risk assessment. Br J Psychiatry 199:473–478CrossRefPubMed
8.
Georgieva I, Mulder CL, Noorthoorn EO (2012) Reducing seclusion through involuntary medication: a randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res 205:48–53CrossRefPubMed
9.
Steinert T, Birk M, Flammer E, Bergk J (2013) Subjective distress after seclusion or mechanical restraint: one year follow—up of a randomized controlled study. Psychiatric Services 64(10):1012–1017CrossRefPubMed
10.
Leitlinie de Duetschen Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie aund Nervenheilkunde (DPGGN). Therapeutische Maßnahmen bei agressivem Verhalten in der Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie [Guideline of the German Association of Psychiatry, psychotherapy and Nerve diseases. Therapeutic measures in Aggressive Behavior in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy]. AWMF-Leitlinien-Register. Nr. 037/022
11.
12.
Eriksson KI, Westrin CG (1995) Coercive measures in psychiatric care. Reports and reactions of patients and other people involved. Acta Psychiatr Scand 92(3):225–230CrossRefPubMed
13.
Swanson JW, Swartz MS, Elbogen EB et al (2006) Facilitated psychiatric advance directives: a randomized trial of an intervention to foster advance treatment planning among persons with severe mental illness. Am J Psychiatry 163(11):1943–1951PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
14.
Veltkamp E, Nijman HLI, Stolker JJ, Dries P, Bowers L (2008) Patients’ preferences for seclusion or forced medication in acute psychiatric emergency in the Netherlands. Psychiatr Serv 59(2):209–211CrossRefPubMed
15.
Campbell LA, Kisely SR (2009) Advance treatment directives for people with severe mental illness. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD005963
16.
Mayers P, Keet N, Winkler G et al (2010) Mental health service users’ perceptions and experiences of sedation, seclusion and restraint. Int J Soc Psychiatry 56(1):60–73CrossRefPubMed
17.
Mielau J, Altunbay J, Gallinat J, Heinz A, Bermpohl F, Lehman A, Montag C (2015) Subjective experience of coercion in psychiatric care: a study comparing the attitudes of patients and healthy volunteers towards coercive methods and their justification. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. doi:10.​1007/​s00406-015-0598-9 (Epub ahead of print) PubMed
18.
19.
Kallert TW, Glockner M, Onchev G et al (2005) The EUNOMIA project on coercion in psychiatry: study design and preliminary data. World Psychiatry 4:168–172PubMedCentralPubMed
20.
Sailas EES, Fenton M (2000) Seclusion and restraint for people with serious mental illnesses (Review). Cochrane Libr Database Syst Rev 2:CD001163
21.
Luciaono M, Samagna G, VecchioV Del, Pugiani L, Palumba C, de Rosa C, Catepano F, Fiorillo A (2014) Use of coercive measures in mental health practice and its impact on outcome: a critical review. Exp Rev Neurother 14(2):131–141CrossRef
22.
Giacco D, Fiorillo A, Del Vecchio V, Kallert T, Onchev G, Raboch J, Matsrogianni A, Nawka A, Hadrys T, Kjellin L, Luciano M, de Rosa C, Maj M, Priebe S (2012) Caregivers’ appraisal of patients’ involuntary hospital treatment: european multicentre study. Br J Psychiatry 201:486–491CrossRefPubMed
23.
Happel B, Koehn S (2010) From numbers to understanding: the impact of demographic factors on seclusion rates. Int J Ment Health Nurs 19:169–176CrossRef
24.
Knutzen M, Bjørkly S, Eidhammer G, Lorentzen S, Mjøsund NH, Opjordsmoen S, Sandvik L, Friis S (2014) Characteristics of patients frequently subjected to pharmacological and mechanical restraint—a register study in three Norwegian acute psychiatric wards. Psychiatry Res 215:127–133
25.
Kalisova L, Raboch J, Nawka A, Sampogna G, Cihal L, Kallert TW, Onchev G, Karestergiou A, del Vacchio V, Kejna A, Adamzowski T, Torres- Gonzales F, Cervilla JA, Priebe S, Giacco D, Kjellin L, Dembiniskas A, Fiorillo A (2014) Do patient and ward related characteristics influence the use of coercive measures? Results from the ENOMIA international study. Social Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. doi:10.​1007/​600127-014-0872-6
26.
27.
Geneeskundige Inspectie voor de Geestelijke Volksgezondheid (1994a) Wet bijzondere opnemingen in psychiatrische ziekenhuizen: BOPZ in de praktijk; GIGV; Rijswijk
28.
29.
Janssen WA, Noorthoorn EO, de Vries WJ, Hutschemaekers GJM, Widdershoven GAM, Lendemeijer HHGM (2008) The use of seclusion in the Netherlands compared to countries in and outside Europe. Int J Law Psychiatry 31:463–470CrossRefPubMed
30.
Vruwink FJ, Mulder CL, Noorthoorn EO, Uitenbroek D, Nijman HLI (2012) The effects of a nationwide program to reduce seclusion in the Netherlands. BMC Psychiatry 12:231–232PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
31.
GIGV (1990) Frame of reference: Emergency by patients in psychiatric hospitals [Referentiekader: Noodtoestanden bij patiënten in psychiatrische ziekenhuizen]. Rijksoverheid Rijswijk
32.
Wyat RJ, Damiani ML, Henter ID (1998) First-episode schizophrenia: early intervention and medication discontinuation in the context of course and treatment. Br J Psychiatry 172(33):77–83
33.
34.
Steinert T, Martin V, Baur M, Bohnet U, Goebel R, Hermelink G, Kronstorfer R, Kuster W, Martinez-Funk B, Roser M, Wolfram Schwink A, Viogtlander W (2007) Diagnosis-related frequency of compulsory measures in German psychiatric hospitals and correlates with hospital characteristics. Social Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 42:140–145CrossRef
35.
Flammer E, Steinert T, Eisele F, Bergk J, Uhlmann C (2013) Who is subjected to coercive measures as a psychiatric inpatient. a multi-level analysis. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 9:110–119PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
36.
Janssen WA, van de Sande R, Noorthoorn EO, Nijman HLI, Bowers L, Mulder CL, Smit A, Widdershoven GAM, Steiner T (2011) Methodological issues in monitoring the use of restrictive measures. Int J Law Psychiatry 34:429–438CrossRefPubMed
37.
Brief Minister Schippers stand van zaken dwang en drang naar aanleiding van Algemeen Overleg (2012) Letter of the Minister of Health to the parliament with respect to coercive measures ref: cz-3121711. http://​www.​rijksoverheid.​nl
38.
Bowers L (2000) The expression and comparison of ward incident rates. Issues Ment Health Nurs 21:365–374CrossRefPubMed
39.
Wale JB, Belkin GS, Moon R (2011) Reducing the use of seclusion and restraint in psychiatric emergency and adult inpatient services improving patient-centered care. Perm J 15(2):57–62PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
40.
Wieman DA, Camacho-Gonsalves T, Huckshorn KA (2014) Multisite study of an evidence based practice tpo reduce seclsuion and restraint in psychiatric inpatient facilitities. Psychiatr Serv 65(3):345–352CrossRefPubMed
41.
Fiorillo A, Giacco D, Deroas C, Kallert T, Tatsakou C, Onchev G, Raboch J, Mastogianni A, Del Vcchio V, Luciano M, Catapiano F, Demibinskas A, Nawka P, Kiejna A, Torres-Gonzales F, Kjelling L, Maj M, Priebe S (2012) Patient characteristics and symptoms associated with coercion during hospital treatment. Acta Psychiatr Scand 125:460–467CrossRefPubMed
42.
Van der Schaaf P, Dusseldorp E, Keuning FM, Janssen WA, Noorthoorn EO (2013) Impact of the physical environment of psychiatric wards on the use of seclusion. Br J Psychiatry 202:142–149CrossRefPubMed
43.
Dulk CJ, van den Stadt H, Vliegen JM (1992). Een nieuwe maatstaf voor stedelijkheid : de omgevingsadressendichtheid. Maandstatistiek voor de bevolking, CBS. A new measure for urbanicity: the neighborhood address density index. Dutch Monthly population statistics, Dutch Central Bureau of Statistics
44.
Emerson RM, Pollner M (1988) On the use of members’ responses to reseachers’ accounts. Human organization 47:189–198CrossRef
45.
Skrondahl A, Rabe- Hesketh S (2003) Some applications of generalized linear latent and mixed models in epidemiology: repeated measures, measurement error and multilevel modeling. Norsk Epidemiologi 13(2):265–278
46.
Baum CF (2008) Modelling proportions. The stata journal 8(2):299–303
47.
Mcfadden D (1974) Conditional logit analysis of qualitative choice behaviour. In: Zarembka (ed) Frontiers in Econometrics, Academic press, Berkley
48.
Snorrason J (2007) Observations in acute psychiatric units in Landspitali University Hospital in Reykjavik. In Violence In clinical psychiatry. In: Callaghan P, Nijman H, Palmstierna T, Oud N (eds) Proceedings of the 5th European congress on violence in clinical psychiatry. Kavanah, Amsterdam, p 277
49.
Healthcare Commission (2005) Count me in. Results of a national census of inpatients in mental health hospitals and facilities in England and Wales. Commission for Healthcare Audit and Inspection, London. ISBN 1-84562-079-8
50.
Bowers L, Van Der Merwe M, Nijman HLI, Hamilton B, Noorthoorn EO, Stewart D, Muir-Cochrane E (2010) The practice of seclusion and time-out on english acute psychiatric wards: the city-128 study. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 24(4):275–286CrossRefPubMed
51.
Keski-Valkama A, Sailas E, Eronen M, Koivisto A-M, Lönnqvist J, Kaltiala- Heino R (2010) Who are the restrained and secluded patients: a 15-year nationwide study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 45(11):1087–1093CrossRefPubMed
52.
Odawara T, Narita H, Yamada Y, Fuyita J, Yamada T, Hitayasu Y (2005) Use of restraint in a general hospital psychiatric unit in Japan. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 59:605–609CrossRefPubMed
53.
The Mental Health Commission Wellington (2004) Seclusions in New Zealand. ISBN:0-478-11393-5
54.
El-Badri SM, Mellsop G (2002) A study of the use of seclusion in an acute psychiatric service. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 36:399–403CrossRefPubMed
55.
Husum TL, Bjørngaard JH, Finset A, Ruud T (2010) A cross-sectional prospective study of seclusion, restraint and involuntary medication in acute psychiatric wards: patient, staff and ward characteristics. BMC Health Serv Res 10:89–90PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
56.
Needham I, Abderbalden C, Dassen T, Haug HJ, Fischer E (2002) Coercive procedures and facilities in swiss psychiatry. Swiss Med Week 132:253–258
57.
Bilanakis N, Kalampokis G, Christou K, Peritogiannis V (2010) Use of coercive physical measures in a Psychiatric Unit of a University General Hospital in Greece. Int J Soc Psychiatry 56(4):402–411CrossRefPubMed
58.
Huf G, Coutinho ESF, Ferreira MAV, Ferreira S, Mello F, Adams CE (2011) TREC-SAVE: a randomised trial comparing mechanical restraints with use of seclusion for aggressive or violent seriously mentally ill people: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 12:180PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
59.
Larue C, Dumais A, Drapeau A, Menard G, Goulet MH (2010) Nursing practices recorded in reports of episodes of seclusion. Issues Ment Health Nurs 31:785–792CrossRefPubMed
60.
Happell B, Gaskin CJ (2011) Exploring patterns of seclusion use in Australian mental health services. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 25(5):1–8CrossRef
61.
Chan CC, Chung CH (2005) A retrospective study of seclusion in an emergency department. Hong Kong J Emerg Med 12(1):6–12
62.
Sullivan AM, Bezmen J, Barron CT, Rivera J, Curley-Casey L, Marino D (2005) Reducing restraints: alternatives to restraints on an inpatient psychiatric service—utilizing safe and effective methods to evaluate and treat the violent patient. Psychiatr Q 76(1):51–65
63.
Downey VA, Zun LS, Gonzales SJ (2007) Frequency of alternative to restraints and seclusion and uses of agitation reduction techniques in the emergency department. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 29:470–474CrossRefPubMed
64.
Steinert T, Noorthoorn EO, Mulder CL (2014) The use of coercive interventions in mental health care in Germany and the Netherlands. A comparison of the developments in two neighbouring countries. Front Public Health 2(141):1–5. doi:10.​3389/​fpubh.​2014.​00141
65.
Noorthoorn EO (2014) National key figures on seclusion and restraint 2013. Dutch Ministry of Health [Landelijke kerncijfers vrijheidsbeperkende interventies Ministerie VWS] December
66.
Dutch Health Care Inspectorate. Reduction of seclusion slowing down, criteria needed on seclusion of psychiatric patients. (2011) (in Dutch) [Terugdringen separeren stagneert, normen vereist rondom insluiting psychiatrische patiënten Uitkomsten inspectieonderzoek naar de preventie van separeren 2008–2011] Utrecht December
67.
Di Lorenzo R, Miani F, Formicola V, Ferri P (2014) Clinical and organizational factors related to the reduction of mechanical restraint application in an acute Ward: an 8-year retrospective analysis. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 10:94–102PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
68.
Pollard R, Yanasak V, Rogers SA, Tapp A (2007) Organizational and unit factors contributing to reduction in the use of seclusion and restraint. procedures on an acute psychiatric inpatient unit. Psychiatr Q 78:73–81CrossRefPubMed
69.
Huckshorn KA (2005) Six core strategies for reducing seclusion and restraint use. National association of State Mental health Program Directors (NATC). Alexandria
70.
Huckshorn KA (2014) Reducing seclusion and restraint use in inpatient setting. A phenomenological study of state psychiatric hospital leader and staff experiences. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 52(11):40–47CrossRefPubMed
71.
Lay B, Nordt C, Rössler W (2011) Variation in use of coercive measures in psychiatric hospitals. Eur Psychiatry 26:244–251CrossRefPubMed
72.
73.
Raboch J, Kališová L, Nawka A, Kitzlerová Onchev G, Karasrastergiuo A, Magliano L, Dembinskas A, Kiejna A, Torres- Gonzales F, Kjelline L, Priebe S, Kallert T (2010) Use of coercive measures during involuntary hospitalization: findings from Ten European Countries. Psychiatric Serv 61:1012–1017CrossRef
74.
75.
Verlinde AA, Snelleman W, Van den Berg H, Noorthoorn EO (2014) Involuntary medication as the intervention of choice: can this be regarded as ‘substitution’ or as a preventive measure? A prospective cohort study. Tijdschrift voor psychiatrie [Dutch J Pscyhiatry] 5610:640–648
76.
Richlijn dwang. Nederlandse vereniging voor psychiatrie. Concept. 2014 [Guideline coercion Dutch Association of Psychiatry, draft] Trimbos December
77.
Voskes Y, Noorthoorn EO, theunissen J, Abma TA, Widdershoven GAM (2015) Reduction of seclusion in Dutch mental health care: interventions and conditions. Rev J Adv Nurs (submitted)
78.
Georgieva I, de Haan G, Smith W, Mulder CL (2009) Successful reduction of seclusion in a newly developed psychiatric intensive care unit. J Psychiatr Intensive Care 1:1–8. doi:10.​1017/​S174264640999008​2
79.
Mierlo T, Bovenberg F, Voskes Y, Mulder CL (2013) Werkboek HIC. High en intensive care in de psychiatrie. [Working book intensive care: High and intensive care in psychiatry]. De Tijdstroom, Utrecht
80.
Bowers L (2014) Safe wards: a new model of conflict and containment on psychiatric wards. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 21:499–508CrossRefPubMed
81.
Stewart D, Van der Merwe M, Bowers L, Simpson A, Jones (2010) A review of interventions to reduce mechanical restraint and seclusion among adult psychiatric inpatients. Issues Ment Health Nurs 31:413–424CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
One-year incidence and prevalence of seclusion: Dutch findings in an international perspective
verfasst von
Eric Noorthoorn
Peter Lepping
Wim Janssen
Adriaan Hoogendoorn
Henk Nijman
Guy Widdershoven
Tilman Steinert
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology / Ausgabe 12/2015
Print ISSN: 0933-7954
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-9285
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-015-1094-2

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 12/2015

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 12/2015 Zur Ausgabe

Original Paper

‘Post-deployment appraisal’ and the relationship with stress and psychological health in Australian veterans

Original Paper

Stigmatisation, perceived barriers to care, help seeking and the mental health of British Military personnel

Invited Reviews

How to support patients with severe mental illness in their parenting role with children aged over 1 year? A systematic review of interventions

Original Paper

Changing trends in hospitalization rates associated with psychosis: Spain, 1980–2009

Study Protocols and Samples

Study of resilience and environmental adversity in midlife health (STREAM)

Original Paper

Social and psychological contributions to the co-occurrence of sub-threshold psychotic experiences and suicidal behavior

Neu im Fachgebiet Psychiatrie

Demenzkranke durch Antipsychotika vielfach gefährdet

23.04.2024 Demenz Nachrichten

Wenn Demenzkranke aufgrund von Symptomen wie Agitation oder Aggressivität mit Antipsychotika behandelt werden, sind damit offenbar noch mehr Risiken verbunden als bislang angenommen.

Weniger postpartale Depressionen nach Esketamin-Einmalgabe

23.04.2024 Depression antepartal oder postpartal Nachrichten

Bislang gibt es kein Medikament zur Prävention von Wochenbettdepressionen. Das Injektionsanästhetikum Esketamin könnte womöglich diese Lücke füllen.

„Psychotherapie ist auch bei sehr alten Menschen hochwirksam!“

22.04.2024 DGIM 2024 Kongressbericht

Die Kombination aus Medikamenten und Psychotherapie gilt als effektivster Ansatz bei Depressionen. Das ist bei betagten Menschen nicht anders, trotz Besonderheiten.

Auf diese Krankheiten bei Geflüchteten sollten Sie vorbereitet sein

22.04.2024 DGIM 2024 Nachrichten

Um Menschen nach der Flucht aus einem Krisengebiet bestmöglich medizinisch betreuen zu können, ist es gut zu wissen, welche Erkrankungen im jeweiligen Herkunftsland häufig sind. Dabei hilft eine Internetseite der CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).

Update Psychiatrie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen
Bildnachweise