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Erschienen in: Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports 6/2016

04.10.2016 | T-Cell and Other Lymphoproliferative Malignancies (P Porcu, Section Editor)

Sézary Syndrome: Clinical and Biological Aspects

verfasst von: Rebecca Kohnken, Stephanie Fabbro, Justin Hastings, Pierluigi Porcu, Anjali Mishra

Erschienen in: Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports | Ausgabe 6/2016

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Abstract

Sézary syndrome (SS) is a rare and aggressive type of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) characterized by an intensely pruritic, exfoliative rash, known as erythroderma, with cutaneous and systemic dissemination of clonal CD4+ T cells into the blood and lymph nodes. This review aims to present recent advancements in the biological and clinical aspects of SS. We begin by providing an overview of the diagnostic criteria for SS and reviewing some of its epidemiological and clinical aspects. We then discuss updates in the etiology of this elusive disease and the genetic and molecular landscapes that define it. Finally, we provide a short overview of the current therapeutic strategies for SS as well as recent advances in the prognosis of this disease. A brief set of recommendations is provided regarding future directions in research and therapy.
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Zurück zum Zitat De Silva Almeida AC, Abate F, Khiabanian H, et al. The mutational landscape of cutaneous T cell lymphoma and Sézary syndrome. Nat Gen. 2015;47:1465–70. This broad-scope genome sequencing study reveals recurrent mutations that may impact disease progression. De Silva Almeida AC, Abate F, Khiabanian H, et al. The mutational landscape of cutaneous T cell lymphoma and Sézary syndrome. Nat Gen. 2015;47:1465–70. This broad-scope genome sequencing study reveals recurrent mutations that may impact disease progression.
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Zurück zum Zitat Cristofoletti C, Picchio MC, Russo G. MicroRNA-mediated gene expression in Sezary syndrome: an overview. Intl Trends Immunol. 2013;3:53–60. This paper describes alterations to the microRNA landscape occurring in Sézary syndrome patients. Cristofoletti C, Picchio MC, Russo G. MicroRNA-mediated gene expression in Sezary syndrome: an overview. Intl Trends Immunol. 2013;3:53–60. This paper describes alterations to the microRNA landscape occurring in Sézary syndrome patients.
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Zurück zum Zitat Cristofoletti C, Picchio MC, Lazzxeri C, et al. Comprehensive analysis of PTEN status in Sezary syndrome. Blood. 2013;122:3511–20. This study evaluated PTEN expression in Sézary syndrome patient cells. Cristofoletti C, Picchio MC, Lazzxeri C, et al. Comprehensive analysis of PTEN status in Sezary syndrome. Blood. 2013;122:3511–20. This study evaluated PTEN expression in Sézary syndrome patient cells.
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Zurück zum Zitat Wang L, Ni X, Covington KR, et al. Genomic profiling of Sézary syndrome identifies alterations of key T cell signaling and differentiation genes. Nat Genet. 2015;47:1426–34. This broad-scope genomic sequencing study reveals recurrent mutations involved in T cell signaling in Sézary syndrome. Wang L, Ni X, Covington KR, et al. Genomic profiling of Sézary syndrome identifies alterations of key T cell signaling and differentiation genes. Nat Genet. 2015;47:1426–34. This broad-scope genomic sequencing study reveals recurrent mutations involved in T cell signaling in Sézary syndrome.
65.••
Zurück zum Zitat Mishra A, La Perle K, Kwiatkowski S, et al. Mechanism, consequences, and therapeutic targeting of abnormal IL15 signaling in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Cancer Discovery. 2016;6:1–20. This study describes the epigenetic regulation of IL15 signaling in the oncogenesis of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Mishra A, La Perle K, Kwiatkowski S, et al. Mechanism, consequences, and therapeutic targeting of abnormal IL15 signaling in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Cancer Discovery. 2016;6:1–20. This study describes the epigenetic regulation of IL15 signaling in the oncogenesis of cutaneous T cell lymphoma.
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67.••
Zurück zum Zitat Ungewickell A, Bhaduri A, Rios E, et al. Genomic analysis of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome identifies recurrent alterations in TNFR2. Nat Genet. 2015;47:1056–60. This genomic sequencing study describes frequent mutations in tumor-necrosis factor receptor and describes the implication for disease progression. Ungewickell A, Bhaduri A, Rios E, et al. Genomic analysis of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome identifies recurrent alterations in TNFR2. Nat Genet. 2015;47:1056–60. This genomic sequencing study describes frequent mutations in tumor-necrosis factor receptor and describes the implication for disease progression.
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Zurück zum Zitat Qin JZ, Dummer R, Burg G, Döbbeling U. Constitutive and interleukin-7/interleukin-15 stimulated DNA binding of Myc, Jun, and novel Myc-like proteins in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells. Blood. 1999;93:260–7.PubMed Qin JZ, Dummer R, Burg G, Döbbeling U. Constitutive and interleukin-7/interleukin-15 stimulated DNA binding of Myc, Jun, and novel Myc-like proteins in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells. Blood. 1999;93:260–7.PubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Kiessling MK, Oberholzer PA, Mondal C, et al. High-throughput mutation profiling of CTCL samples reveals KRAS and NRAS mutations sensitizing tumors toward inhibition of the RAS/RAF/MEK signaling cascade. Blood. 2011;117:2433–40.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kiessling MK, Oberholzer PA, Mondal C, et al. High-throughput mutation profiling of CTCL samples reveals KRAS and NRAS mutations sensitizing tumors toward inhibition of the RAS/RAF/MEK signaling cascade. Blood. 2011;117:2433–40.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
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Zurück zum Zitat Wu J, Wood GS. Reduction of Fas/CD95 promoter methylation, upregulation of Fas protein, and enhancement of sensitivity to apoptosis in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Arch Dermatol. 2011;147:443–9.CrossRefPubMed Wu J, Wood GS. Reduction of Fas/CD95 promoter methylation, upregulation of Fas protein, and enhancement of sensitivity to apoptosis in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Arch Dermatol. 2011;147:443–9.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Esmailzadeh S, Huang Y, Su MW, Zhou Y, Jiang X. BIN1 tumor suppressor regulates Fas/Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis through c-FLIP in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Leukemia. 2015;29:1402–13. This paper reveals a new tumor suppressor for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and describes the molecular mechanism. Esmailzadeh S, Huang Y, Su MW, Zhou Y, Jiang X. BIN1 tumor suppressor regulates Fas/Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis through c-FLIP in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Leukemia. 2015;29:1402–13. This paper reveals a new tumor suppressor for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and describes the molecular mechanism.
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Zurück zum Zitat Jain S, Stroopinsky D, Yin L, et al. Mucin 1 is a potential therapeutic target in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2015;126:354–62. This study reveals a factor involved in reactive oxygen species-mediated damage as novel target for treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Jain S, Stroopinsky D, Yin L, et al. Mucin 1 is a potential therapeutic target in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2015;126:354–62. This study reveals a factor involved in reactive oxygen species-mediated damage as novel target for treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma.
90.••
Zurück zum Zitat Mishra A, Sullivan L, Caligiuri MA. Molecular pathways: interleukin-15 signaling in health and in cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2014;20:2044–50. This comprehensive review discusses the role of IL-15 in cutaneous hemostasis and hematologic malignancy. Mishra A, Sullivan L, Caligiuri MA. Molecular pathways: interleukin-15 signaling in health and in cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2014;20:2044–50. This comprehensive review discusses the role of IL-15 in cutaneous hemostasis and hematologic malignancy.
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Zurück zum Zitat Benton EC, Crichton S, Talpur R, et al. A cutaneous lymphoma international prognostic index (CLIPi) for mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome. Euro J Cancer. 2013;49:2859–68. This paper provides recommendations for prognostic markers in the use of management of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients.CrossRef Benton EC, Crichton S, Talpur R, et al. A cutaneous lymphoma international prognostic index (CLIPi) for mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome. Euro J Cancer. 2013;49:2859–68. This paper provides recommendations for prognostic markers in the use of management of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients.CrossRef
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102.•
Zurück zum Zitat Väkevä L, Mäkinen-Kiljunen S, Ranki A. Allergen-specific IgE responses are found in pre-Sézary syndrome patients and in erythrodermic atopic patients but not in true Sézary syndrome patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;72:352–3. This study describes differential IgE responses in a subset of patients with early-stage disease. Väkevä L, Mäkinen-Kiljunen S, Ranki A. Allergen-specific IgE responses are found in pre-Sézary syndrome patients and in erythrodermic atopic patients but not in true Sézary syndrome patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;72:352–3. This study describes differential IgE responses in a subset of patients with early-stage disease.
103.•
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Zurück zum Zitat Wong HK. Novel biomarkers, dysregulated epigenetics, and therapy in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Discov Med. 2013;87:71–8. This thorough review provides discussion of recently recognized biomarkers and novel targets for therapy in cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Wong HK. Novel biomarkers, dysregulated epigenetics, and therapy in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Discov Med. 2013;87:71–8. This thorough review provides discussion of recently recognized biomarkers and novel targets for therapy in cutaneous T cell lymphoma.
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Zurück zum Zitat Bernengo MG, Quaglino P, Comessatti A, et al. Low-dose intermittent alemtuzumab in the treatment of Sézary syndrome: clinical and immunologic findings in 14 patients. Haematologica. 2007;92:784–94.CrossRefPubMed Bernengo MG, Quaglino P, Comessatti A, et al. Low-dose intermittent alemtuzumab in the treatment of Sézary syndrome: clinical and immunologic findings in 14 patients. Haematologica. 2007;92:784–94.CrossRefPubMed
117.•
Zurück zum Zitat Lechowicz MJ, Lazarus HM, Carreras J, et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2014;49:1360–65. This paper summarizes results of clinical use of allogeneic transplant in cutaneous T cell lymphoma patients. Lechowicz MJ, Lazarus HM, Carreras J, et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2014;49:1360–65. This paper summarizes results of clinical use of allogeneic transplant in cutaneous T cell lymphoma patients.
Metadaten
Titel
Sézary Syndrome: Clinical and Biological Aspects
verfasst von
Rebecca Kohnken
Stephanie Fabbro
Justin Hastings
Pierluigi Porcu
Anjali Mishra
Publikationsdatum
04.10.2016
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports / Ausgabe 6/2016
Print ISSN: 1558-8211
Elektronische ISSN: 1558-822X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11899-016-0351-0

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