Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Acta Diabetologica 3/2013

01.06.2013 | Original Article

Systemic exposure to Pseudomonal bacteria: a potential link between type 1 diabetes and chronic inflammation

verfasst von: Lina Peräneva, Christopher L. Fogarty, Pirkko J. Pussinen, Carol Forsblom, Per-Henrik Groop, Markku Lehto

Erschienen in: Acta Diabetologica | Ausgabe 3/2013

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Bacterial endotoxins have been associated with chronic inflammation and the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. We hypothesized that subjects with high serum lipopolysaccharide activity also carry remains of bacterial DNA in their system. Serum-derived bacterial DNA clones were isolated and identified from 10 healthy controls and 14 patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using universal primers targeted to bacterial 16S rDNA. A total of 240 clones representing 35 unique bacterial species were isolated and identified. A significant proportion of the isolated bacteria could be assigned to our living environment. Proteobacteria was by far the most prevalent phylum among the samples. Notably, the patients had significantly higher frequencies of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clones in their sera compared to the healthy controls. Real-time PCR analysis of S. maltophilia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellin gene copy number in the human leukocyte DNA fraction revealed that the overall Pseudomonal bacterial load was higher in older patients with T1D. Serum IgA- and IgG-antibody levels against Pseudomonal bacteria Delftia acidovorans, P. aeruginosa, and S. maltophilia were also determined in 200 healthy controls and 200 patients with T1D. The patients had significantly higher serum levels of IgA antibodies against all three Pseudomonal bacteria. Additionally, the IgA antibodies against Pseudomonal bacteria correlated significantly with serum C-reactive protein. These findings indicate that recurrent or chronic Pseudomonal exposure may increase susceptibility to chronic inflammation in patients with T1D.
Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Llaurado G, Gallart L, Tirado R et al (2012) Insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol 49:33–39PubMedCrossRef Llaurado G, Gallart L, Tirado R et al (2012) Insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol 49:33–39PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Fadini BG, Marcuzzo G, Marescotti MC, Kreutzenberg S, Avogaro A (2012) Elevated white blood cell count is associated with prevalence and development of the metabolic syndrome and its components in the general population. Acta Diabetol [Epub ahead of print] Fadini BG, Marcuzzo G, Marescotti MC, Kreutzenberg S, Avogaro A (2012) Elevated white blood cell count is associated with prevalence and development of the metabolic syndrome and its components in the general population. Acta Diabetol [Epub ahead of print]
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Fornoni A, Ijaz A, Tejada T, Lenz O (2008) Role of inflammation in diabetic nephropathy. Curr Diabetes Rev 4:10–17PubMedCrossRef Fornoni A, Ijaz A, Tejada T, Lenz O (2008) Role of inflammation in diabetic nephropathy. Curr Diabetes Rev 4:10–17PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Saraheimo M, Teppo A-M, Forsblom C et al (2003) Diabetic nephropathy is associated with low-grade inflammation in type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetologia 46:1402–1407PubMedCrossRef Saraheimo M, Teppo A-M, Forsblom C et al (2003) Diabetic nephropathy is associated with low-grade inflammation in type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetologia 46:1402–1407PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Muller LM, Gorter KJ, Hak E et al (2005) Increased risk of common infections in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Infect Dis 41:281–288PubMedCrossRef Muller LM, Gorter KJ, Hak E et al (2005) Increased risk of common infections in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Infect Dis 41:281–288PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Benfield T, Jensen JS, Nordestgaard BG (2007) Influence of diabetes and hyperglycaemia on infectious disease hospitalisation and outcome. Diabetologia 50:549–554PubMedCrossRef Benfield T, Jensen JS, Nordestgaard BG (2007) Influence of diabetes and hyperglycaemia on infectious disease hospitalisation and outcome. Diabetologia 50:549–554PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Gornik I, Gornik O, Gasparovic V (2007) HbA1c is outcome predictor in diabetic patients with sepsis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 77:120–125PubMedCrossRef Gornik I, Gornik O, Gasparovic V (2007) HbA1c is outcome predictor in diabetic patients with sepsis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 77:120–125PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Kornum JB, Thomsen RW, Riis A et al (2008) Diabetes, glycemic control, and risk of hospitalization with pneumonia: a population-based case-control study. Diabetes Care 31:1541–1545PubMedCrossRef Kornum JB, Thomsen RW, Riis A et al (2008) Diabetes, glycemic control, and risk of hospitalization with pneumonia: a population-based case-control study. Diabetes Care 31:1541–1545PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Lassenius MI, Pietiläinen KH, Kaartinen K et al (2011) Bacterial endotoxin activity in human serum is associated with dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, obesity, and chronic inflammation. Diabetes Care 34:1809–1815PubMedCrossRef Lassenius MI, Pietiläinen KH, Kaartinen K et al (2011) Bacterial endotoxin activity in human serum is associated with dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, obesity, and chronic inflammation. Diabetes Care 34:1809–1815PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Nymark M, Pussinen PJ, Tuomainen AM et al (2009) Serum lipopolysaccharide activity is associated with the progression of kidney disease in Finnish patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 32:1689–1693PubMedCrossRef Nymark M, Pussinen PJ, Tuomainen AM et al (2009) Serum lipopolysaccharide activity is associated with the progression of kidney disease in Finnish patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 32:1689–1693PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Pussinen PJ, Havulinna AS, Lehto M et al (2011) Endotoxemia is associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes. Diabetes Care 34:392–397PubMedCrossRef Pussinen PJ, Havulinna AS, Lehto M et al (2011) Endotoxemia is associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes. Diabetes Care 34:392–397PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Cani PD, Amar J, Iglesias MA et al (2007) Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance. Diabetes 56:1761–1772PubMedCrossRef Cani PD, Amar J, Iglesias MA et al (2007) Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance. Diabetes 56:1761–1772PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Amar J, Burcelin R, Ruidavets JB et al (2008) Energy intake is associated with endotoxemia in apparently healthy men. Am J Clin Nutr 87:1219–1223PubMed Amar J, Burcelin R, Ruidavets JB et al (2008) Energy intake is associated with endotoxemia in apparently healthy men. Am J Clin Nutr 87:1219–1223PubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Laugerette F, Vors C, Geloen A et al (2011) Emulsified lipids increase endotoxemia: possible role in early postprandial low-grade inflammation. J Nutr Biochem 22:53–59PubMedCrossRef Laugerette F, Vors C, Geloen A et al (2011) Emulsified lipids increase endotoxemia: possible role in early postprandial low-grade inflammation. J Nutr Biochem 22:53–59PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat McGuckin MA, Eri R, Simms LA et al (2009) Intestinal barrier dysfunction in inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 15:100–113PubMedCrossRef McGuckin MA, Eri R, Simms LA et al (2009) Intestinal barrier dysfunction in inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 15:100–113PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Secondulfo M, Iafusco D, Carratu R et al (2004) Ultrastructural mucosal alterations and increased intestinal permeability in non-celiac, type I diabetic patients. Dig Liver Dis 36:35–45PubMedCrossRef Secondulfo M, Iafusco D, Carratu R et al (2004) Ultrastructural mucosal alterations and increased intestinal permeability in non-celiac, type I diabetic patients. Dig Liver Dis 36:35–45PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Kotilainen P, Jalava J, Meurman O et al (1998) Diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis by broad-range bacterial PCR with cerebrospinal fluid. J Clin Microbiol 36:2205–2209PubMed Kotilainen P, Jalava J, Meurman O et al (1998) Diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis by broad-range bacterial PCR with cerebrospinal fluid. J Clin Microbiol 36:2205–2209PubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Pussinen PJ, Vilkuna-Rautiainen T, Alfthan G et al (2002) Multiserotype enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a diagnostic aid for periodontitis in large-scale studies. J Clin Microbiol 40:512–518PubMedCrossRef Pussinen PJ, Vilkuna-Rautiainen T, Alfthan G et al (2002) Multiserotype enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a diagnostic aid for periodontitis in large-scale studies. J Clin Microbiol 40:512–518PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N et al (2011) MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 28:2731–2739PubMedCrossRef Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N et al (2011) MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 28:2731–2739PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F et al (1997) The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25:4876–4882PubMedCrossRef Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F et al (1997) The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25:4876–4882PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Felsenstein J (2005) PHYLIP (phylogeny interference package) version 3.6. Distributed by the Author, Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle Felsenstein J (2005) PHYLIP (phylogeny interference package) version 3.6. Distributed by the Author, Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Marques da Silva R, Da Caugant, Eribe ERK et al (2006) Bacterial diversity in aortic aneurysms determined by 16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis. J Vasc Surg 44:1055–1060PubMedCrossRef Marques da Silva R, Da Caugant, Eribe ERK et al (2006) Bacterial diversity in aortic aneurysms determined by 16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis. J Vasc Surg 44:1055–1060PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Moriyama K, Ando C, Tashiro K et al (2008) Polymerase chain reaction detection of bacterial 16S rRNA gene in human blood. Microbiol Immunol 52:375–382PubMedCrossRef Moriyama K, Ando C, Tashiro K et al (2008) Polymerase chain reaction detection of bacterial 16S rRNA gene in human blood. Microbiol Immunol 52:375–382PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Nelson DE, Van Der Pol B, Dong Q et al (2010) Characteristic male urine microbiomes associate with asymptomatic sexually transmitted infection. PLoS ONE 5:E14116PubMedCrossRef Nelson DE, Van Der Pol B, Dong Q et al (2010) Characteristic male urine microbiomes associate with asymptomatic sexually transmitted infection. PLoS ONE 5:E14116PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Renko J, Lepp PW, Oksala N et al (2008) Bacterial signatures in atherosclerotic lesions represent human commensals and pathogens. Atherosclerosis 201:192–197PubMedCrossRef Renko J, Lepp PW, Oksala N et al (2008) Bacterial signatures in atherosclerotic lesions represent human commensals and pathogens. Atherosclerosis 201:192–197PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Siala M, Gdoura R, Fourati H et al (2009) Broad-range PCR, cloning and sequencing of the full 16S rRNA gene for detection of bacterial DNA in synovial fluid samples of Tunisian patients with reactive and undifferentiated arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 11:R102PubMedCrossRef Siala M, Gdoura R, Fourati H et al (2009) Broad-range PCR, cloning and sequencing of the full 16S rRNA gene for detection of bacterial DNA in synovial fluid samples of Tunisian patients with reactive and undifferentiated arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 11:R102PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Mariat D, Firmesse O, Levenez F et al (2009) The firmicutes/bacteroides ratio of the human microbiota changes with age. BMC Microbiol 9:123PubMedCrossRef Mariat D, Firmesse O, Levenez F et al (2009) The firmicutes/bacteroides ratio of the human microbiota changes with age. BMC Microbiol 9:123PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Burcelin R, Serino M, Chabo C, Blasco-Baque V, Amar J (2011) Gut microbiota and diabetes: from pathogenesis to therapeutic perspective. Acta Diabetol 48:257–273PubMedCrossRef Burcelin R, Serino M, Chabo C, Blasco-Baque V, Amar J (2011) Gut microbiota and diabetes: from pathogenesis to therapeutic perspective. Acta Diabetol 48:257–273PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Qin J, Li R, Raes J et al (2010) A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequecing. Nature 464:59–65PubMedCrossRef Qin J, Li R, Raes J et al (2010) A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequecing. Nature 464:59–65PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Cani PD, Bibiloni R, Knauf C et al (2008) Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Diabetes 57:1470–1481PubMedCrossRef Cani PD, Bibiloni R, Knauf C et al (2008) Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Diabetes 57:1470–1481PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Amar J, Chabo C, Waget A et al (2011) Intestinal mucosal adherence and translocation of commensal bacteria at the early onset of type 2 diabetes: molecular mechanisms and probiotic treatment. EMBO Mol Med 3:559–572PubMedCrossRef Amar J, Chabo C, Waget A et al (2011) Intestinal mucosal adherence and translocation of commensal bacteria at the early onset of type 2 diabetes: molecular mechanisms and probiotic treatment. EMBO Mol Med 3:559–572PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Bahrani-Mougeot FK, Paster BJ, Coleman S et al (2008) Diverse and novel oral bacterial species in blood following dental procedures. J Clin Microbiol 46:2129–2132PubMedCrossRef Bahrani-Mougeot FK, Paster BJ, Coleman S et al (2008) Diverse and novel oral bacterial species in blood following dental procedures. J Clin Microbiol 46:2129–2132PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Geerts SO, Nys M, De Mol P et al (2002) Systemic release of endotoxins induced by gentle mastication: association with periodontitis severity. J Periodontol 73:73–78PubMedCrossRef Geerts SO, Nys M, De Mol P et al (2002) Systemic release of endotoxins induced by gentle mastication: association with periodontitis severity. J Periodontol 73:73–78PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Lockhart PB, Brennan MT, Sasser HC et al (2008) Bacteremia associated with toothbrushing and dental extraction. Circulation 117:3118–3125PubMedCrossRef Lockhart PB, Brennan MT, Sasser HC et al (2008) Bacteremia associated with toothbrushing and dental extraction. Circulation 117:3118–3125PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Lucas VS, Gafan G, Dewhurst S, Roberts GJ (2008) Prevalence, intensity and nature of bacteraemia after toothbrushing. J Dent 36:481–487PubMedCrossRef Lucas VS, Gafan G, Dewhurst S, Roberts GJ (2008) Prevalence, intensity and nature of bacteraemia after toothbrushing. J Dent 36:481–487PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Knuuttila M, Suominen-Taipale L (2008) Periodontal status. In: Suominen-Taipale L, Nordblad A, Vehkalahti M, Aromaa A (eds) Oral health in the Finnish adult population. Publications of the National Public Health Institute B25, Helsinki, pp 49–53 Knuuttila M, Suominen-Taipale L (2008) Periodontal status. In: Suominen-Taipale L, Nordblad A, Vehkalahti M, Aromaa A (eds) Oral health in the Finnish adult population. Publications of the National Public Health Institute B25, Helsinki, pp 49–53
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Aspriello SD, Zizzi A, Tirabassi G et al (2011) Diabetes mellitus-associated periodontitis: differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Periodontal Res 46:164–169PubMedCrossRef Aspriello SD, Zizzi A, Tirabassi G et al (2011) Diabetes mellitus-associated periodontitis: differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Periodontal Res 46:164–169PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Choi YH, McKeown RE, Mayer-Davis EJ et al (2011) Association between periodontitis and impaired fasting glucose and diabetes. Diabetes Care 34:381–386PubMedCrossRef Choi YH, McKeown RE, Mayer-Davis EJ et al (2011) Association between periodontitis and impaired fasting glucose and diabetes. Diabetes Care 34:381–386PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Kshirsagar AV, Offenbacher S, Moss KL et al (2007) Antibodies to periodontal organisms are associated with decreased kidney function. The dental atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Blood Purif 25:125–132PubMedCrossRef Kshirsagar AV, Offenbacher S, Moss KL et al (2007) Antibodies to periodontal organisms are associated with decreased kidney function. The dental atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Blood Purif 25:125–132PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Shultis WA, Weil EJ, Looker HC et al (2007) Effect of periodontitis on overt nephropathy and end-stage renal disease in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 30:306–311PubMedCrossRef Shultis WA, Weil EJ, Looker HC et al (2007) Effect of periodontitis on overt nephropathy and end-stage renal disease in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 30:306–311PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Larsen N, Vogensen FK, van den Berg FWJ et al (2010) Gut microbiota in human adults with type 2 diabetes differs from non-diabetic adults. PLoS ONE 5:e9085PubMedCrossRef Larsen N, Vogensen FK, van den Berg FWJ et al (2010) Gut microbiota in human adults with type 2 diabetes differs from non-diabetic adults. PLoS ONE 5:e9085PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Qureshi A, Mooney L, Denton M, Kerr KG (2005) Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in salad. Emerg Infect Dis 11:1157–1158PubMedCrossRef Qureshi A, Mooney L, Denton M, Kerr KG (2005) Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in salad. Emerg Infect Dis 11:1157–1158PubMedCrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Brooke JS (2012) Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: an emerging global opportunistic pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev 25:2–41PubMedCrossRef Brooke JS (2012) Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: an emerging global opportunistic pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev 25:2–41PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Driscoll JA, Brody SL, Kollef MH (2007) The epidemiology, pathogenesis and treament of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Drugs 67:351368CrossRef Driscoll JA, Brody SL, Kollef MH (2007) The epidemiology, pathogenesis and treament of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Drugs 67:351368CrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Talon D, Bailly P, Leprat R et al (1994) Typing of hospital strains of Xanthomonas maltophilia by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J Hosp Infect 27:209–217PubMedCrossRef Talon D, Bailly P, Leprat R et al (1994) Typing of hospital strains of Xanthomonas maltophilia by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J Hosp Infect 27:209–217PubMedCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Spicuzza L, Sciuto C, Vitaliti G et al (2009) Emerging pathogens in cystic fibrosis: ten years of follow-up in a cohort of patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 28:191–195PubMedCrossRef Spicuzza L, Sciuto C, Vitaliti G et al (2009) Emerging pathogens in cystic fibrosis: ten years of follow-up in a cohort of patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 28:191–195PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Conti S, dos Santos SSF, Koga-Ito CY, Jorge AOC (2009) Enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonadaceae on the dorsum of the human tongue. J Appl Oral Sci 17:375–380PubMed Conti S, dos Santos SSF, Koga-Ito CY, Jorge AOC (2009) Enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonadaceae on the dorsum of the human tongue. J Appl Oral Sci 17:375–380PubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Leung WK, Yau JYY, Cheung BPK et al (2003) Oral colonisation by aerobic and facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods and yeast in Tibetans living in Lhasa. Arch Oral Biol 48:117–123PubMedCrossRef Leung WK, Yau JYY, Cheung BPK et al (2003) Oral colonisation by aerobic and facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods and yeast in Tibetans living in Lhasa. Arch Oral Biol 48:117–123PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Senpuku H, Sogame A, Inoshita E et al (2003) Systemic diseases in association with microbial species in oral biofilm from elderly requiring care. Gerontology 49:301–309PubMedCrossRef Senpuku H, Sogame A, Inoshita E et al (2003) Systemic diseases in association with microbial species in oral biofilm from elderly requiring care. Gerontology 49:301–309PubMedCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Tada A, Senpuku H, Motozawa Y et al (2006) Association between commensal bacteria and opportunistic pathogens in the dental plaque of elderly individuals. Clin Microbiol Infect 12:776–781PubMed Tada A, Senpuku H, Motozawa Y et al (2006) Association between commensal bacteria and opportunistic pathogens in the dental plaque of elderly individuals. Clin Microbiol Infect 12:776–781PubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Wendel M, Paul R, Heller AR (2007) Lipoproteins in inflammation and sepsis. II. Clinical aspects. Intensive Care Med 33:25–35PubMedCrossRef Wendel M, Paul R, Heller AR (2007) Lipoproteins in inflammation and sepsis. II. Clinical aspects. Intensive Care Med 33:25–35PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang H-Y, Sun S-H, Guo Y-J et al (2005) Tissue distribution of a plasmid DNA containing epitopes of foot-and-mouth disease virus in mice. Vaccine 23:5632–5640PubMedCrossRef Zhang H-Y, Sun S-H, Guo Y-J et al (2005) Tissue distribution of a plasmid DNA containing epitopes of foot-and-mouth disease virus in mice. Vaccine 23:5632–5640PubMedCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Mercer DK, Scott KP, Bruce-Johnson WA et al (1999) Fate of free DNA and transformation of the oral bacterium Streptococcus gordonii DL1 by plasmid DNA in human saliva. Appl Environ Microbiol 65:6–10PubMed Mercer DK, Scott KP, Bruce-Johnson WA et al (1999) Fate of free DNA and transformation of the oral bacterium Streptococcus gordonii DL1 by plasmid DNA in human saliva. Appl Environ Microbiol 65:6–10PubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Tamkovich SN, Vlasov VV, Laktionov PP (2008) Circulating deoxyribonucleic acids in blood and their using in medical diagnostics. Mol Biol (Mosk) 42:12–23CrossRef Tamkovich SN, Vlasov VV, Laktionov PP (2008) Circulating deoxyribonucleic acids in blood and their using in medical diagnostics. Mol Biol (Mosk) 42:12–23CrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Koren O, Spor A, Felin J et al (2011) Human oral, gut, and plaque microbiota in patients with atherosclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:4592–4598PubMedCrossRef Koren O, Spor A, Felin J et al (2011) Human oral, gut, and plaque microbiota in patients with atherosclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:4592–4598PubMedCrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Ott SJ, Mokhtari NEE, Musfeldt M et al (2006) Detection of diverse bacterial signatures in atherosclerotic lesions of patients with coronary heart disease. Circulation 113:929–937PubMedCrossRef Ott SJ, Mokhtari NEE, Musfeldt M et al (2006) Detection of diverse bacterial signatures in atherosclerotic lesions of patients with coronary heart disease. Circulation 113:929–937PubMedCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Watt S, Aesch B, Lanotte P et al (2003) Viral and bacterial DNA in carotid atherosclerotic lesions. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 22:99–105PubMed Watt S, Aesch B, Lanotte P et al (2003) Viral and bacterial DNA in carotid atherosclerotic lesions. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 22:99–105PubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Amar J, Serino M, Lange C et al (2011) Involvement of tissue bacteria in the onset of diabetes in humans: evidence for a concept. Diabetologia 54:3055–3061PubMedCrossRef Amar J, Serino M, Lange C et al (2011) Involvement of tissue bacteria in the onset of diabetes in humans: evidence for a concept. Diabetologia 54:3055–3061PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Systemic exposure to Pseudomonal bacteria: a potential link between type 1 diabetes and chronic inflammation
verfasst von
Lina Peräneva
Christopher L. Fogarty
Pirkko J. Pussinen
Carol Forsblom
Per-Henrik Groop
Markku Lehto
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2013
Verlag
Springer Milan
Erschienen in
Acta Diabetologica / Ausgabe 3/2013
Print ISSN: 0940-5429
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-5233
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-012-0421-2

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2013

Acta Diabetologica 3/2013 Zur Ausgabe

CONSENSUS PAPER

Trialogue

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Notfall-TEP der Hüfte ist auch bei 90-Jährigen machbar

26.04.2024 Hüft-TEP Nachrichten

Ob bei einer Notfalloperation nach Schenkelhalsfraktur eine Hemiarthroplastik oder eine totale Endoprothese (TEP) eingebaut wird, sollte nicht allein vom Alter der Patientinnen und Patienten abhängen. Auch über 90-Jährige können von der TEP profitieren.

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

25.04.2024 Hypotonie Nachrichten

Wenn unter einer medikamentösen Hochdrucktherapie der diastolische Blutdruck in den Keller geht, steigt das Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse: Darauf deutet eine Sekundäranalyse der SPRINT-Studie hin.

Bei schweren Reaktionen auf Insektenstiche empfiehlt sich eine spezifische Immuntherapie

Insektenstiche sind bei Erwachsenen die häufigsten Auslöser einer Anaphylaxie. Einen wirksamen Schutz vor schweren anaphylaktischen Reaktionen bietet die allergenspezifische Immuntherapie. Jedoch kommt sie noch viel zu selten zum Einsatz.

Therapiestart mit Blutdrucksenkern erhöht Frakturrisiko

25.04.2024 Hypertonie Nachrichten

Beginnen ältere Männer im Pflegeheim eine Antihypertensiva-Therapie, dann ist die Frakturrate in den folgenden 30 Tagen mehr als verdoppelt. Besonders häufig stürzen Demenzkranke und Männer, die erstmals Blutdrucksenker nehmen. Dafür spricht eine Analyse unter US-Veteranen.

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.