Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Family Violence 1/2018

01.08.2017 | Original Article

The Importance of the Caregiver and Adolescent Relationship for Mental Health Outcomes Among Youth in Foster Care

verfasst von: Allison D. Rayburn, Mathew C. Withers, Lenore M. McWey

Erschienen in: Journal of Family Violence | Ausgabe 1/2018

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Youth in foster care have often been exposed to in-home violence and violence exposure is associated with higher mental health concerns. This study used multiple regression mediation analyses with bootstrapping to identify specific current foster caregiver-adolescent relationship factors and their mediating qualities between in-home violence exposure and adolescent internalizing, externalizing, and trauma symptoms. Using a national dataset of adolescents in foster care (n = 175), the results of this study suggested that an adolescent’s perception of feeling emotionally secure in their relationship with their caregiver mediated the relationships between exposure to violence and youth internalizing, externalizing, and trauma symptoms. Additionally, current foster caregiver involvement and structure mediated the associations between exposure to violence and adolescent internalizing and externalizing outcomes, but not trauma symptoms. Further discussion of the results is included. Findings have important implications for mental health interventions aimed towards youth in foster care.
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual for the youth self-report and 1991 profile. Burlington: Department of Psychiatry. Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual for the youth self-report and 1991 profile. Burlington: Department of Psychiatry.
Zurück zum Zitat Bowlby, J. (1977). The making and breaking of affectional bonds: aetiology and psychopathology in the light of attachment theory. British Journal of Psychiatry, 130, 201–210.CrossRefPubMed Bowlby, J. (1977). The making and breaking of affectional bonds: aetiology and psychopathology in the light of attachment theory. British Journal of Psychiatry, 130, 201–210.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment (2nd edn.). New York: Basic Books. Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment (2nd edn.). New York: Basic Books.
Zurück zum Zitat Briere, J. (1996). Trauma symptom checklist for children: Professional manual. Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources. Briere, J. (1996). Trauma symptom checklist for children: Professional manual. Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Zurück zum Zitat Claridge, A. M., Lettenberger-Klein, C. G., Farineau, H. M., Wojciak, A. S., & McWey, L. M. (2014). Maternal history of victimization and adolescent behaviors: protective function of relationship quality among at-risk mother-adolescent dyads. Journal of Family Violence, 29, 473–482.CrossRef Claridge, A. M., Lettenberger-Klein, C. G., Farineau, H. M., Wojciak, A. S., & McWey, L. M. (2014). Maternal history of victimization and adolescent behaviors: protective function of relationship quality among at-risk mother-adolescent dyads. Journal of Family Violence, 29, 473–482.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cooley, M., Wojciak, A. S., Farineau, H., & Mullis, A. (2015). The association between perception of relationship with caregivers and behaviours of youth in foster care: a child and caregiver perspective. Journal of Social Work Practice, 29, 205–221.CrossRef Cooley, M., Wojciak, A. S., Farineau, H., & Mullis, A. (2015). The association between perception of relationship with caregivers and behaviours of youth in foster care: a child and caregiver perspective. Journal of Social Work Practice, 29, 205–221.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dekovic, M., Buist, K. L., & Reitz, E. (2004). Stability and changes in problem behavior during adolescence: latent growth analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33, 1–12.CrossRef Dekovic, M., Buist, K. L., & Reitz, E. (2004). Stability and changes in problem behavior during adolescence: latent growth analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33, 1–12.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dorsey, S., Burns, B. J., Southerland, D., Cox, J. R., Wagner, H. R., & Farmer, E. (2012). Prior trauma exposure for youth in treatment foster care. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21, 816–824.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Dorsey, S., Burns, B. J., Southerland, D., Cox, J. R., Wagner, H. R., & Farmer, E. (2012). Prior trauma exposure for youth in treatment foster care. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21, 816–824.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Dowd, K., Kinsey, S., Wheeless, S., Thissen, R., Richardson, J., & Mierzwa, F. (2002). National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being (NSCAW): Introduction to the wave 1 general and restricted use releases. Ithaca: Cornell University, National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect. Dowd, K., Kinsey, S., Wheeless, S., Thissen, R., Richardson, J., & Mierzwa, F. (2002). National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being (NSCAW): Introduction to the wave 1 general and restricted use releases. Ithaca: Cornell University, National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect.
Zurück zum Zitat Dube, S. R., Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Chapman, D. P., Williamson, D. F., & Giles, W. H. (2001). Childhood abuse, household dysfunction, and the risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span: findings from the adverse childhood experiences study. JAMA: The journal of the American Medical Association, 286, 3089–3096.CrossRefPubMed Dube, S. R., Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Chapman, D. P., Williamson, D. F., & Giles, W. H. (2001). Childhood abuse, household dysfunction, and the risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span: findings from the adverse childhood experiences study. JAMA: The journal of the American Medical Association, 286, 3089–3096.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Efron, B. (1987). Better bootstrap confidence intervals. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 82, 171–185.CrossRef Efron, B. (1987). Better bootstrap confidence intervals. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 82, 171–185.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Evans, S., Davies, C., & DiLillo, D. (2008). Exposure to domestic violence: a meta-analysis of child and adolescent outcomes. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 13, 131–140.CrossRef Evans, S., Davies, C., & DiLillo, D. (2008). Exposure to domestic violence: a meta-analysis of child and adolescent outcomes. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 13, 131–140.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fanti, K. A., Henrich, C. C., Brookmeyer, K. A., & Kuperminc, G. P. (2008). Toward a transactional model of parent-adolescent relationship quality and adolescent psychological adjustment. Journal of Early Adolescence, 28, 252–276.CrossRef Fanti, K. A., Henrich, C. C., Brookmeyer, K. A., & Kuperminc, G. P. (2008). Toward a transactional model of parent-adolescent relationship quality and adolescent psychological adjustment. Journal of Early Adolescence, 28, 252–276.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175–191.CrossRefPubMed Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175–191.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., Koss, M. P., & Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14, 245–258.CrossRefPubMed Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., Koss, M. P., & Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14, 245–258.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Fox, N. A., & Leavitt, L. A. (1995). The violence exposure scale for children-VEX. College Park: Department of Human Development, University of Maryland. Fox, N. A., & Leavitt, L. A. (1995). The violence exposure scale for children-VEX. College Park: Department of Human Development, University of Maryland.
Zurück zum Zitat Graham-Bermann, S. A., Gruber, G., Howell, K. H., & Girz, L. (2009). Factors discriminating among profiles of resilience and psychopathology in children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV). Child Abuse & Neglect, 33, 648–660.CrossRef Graham-Bermann, S. A., Gruber, G., Howell, K. H., & Girz, L. (2009). Factors discriminating among profiles of resilience and psychopathology in children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV). Child Abuse & Neglect, 33, 648–660.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Greeson, J., Briggs, E. C., Kisiel, C. L., Layne, C. M., Ake, G. S., Ko, S. J., Gerrity, E. T., Steinberg, A. M., Howard, M. L., Pynoos R. S., & Fairbank, J. A. (2011). Complex trauma and mental health in children and adolescents placed in foster care: findings from the national child traumatic stress network. Child Welfare, 90, 91–108.PubMed Greeson, J., Briggs, E. C., Kisiel, C. L., Layne, C. M., Ake, G. S., Ko, S. J., Gerrity, E. T., Steinberg, A. M., Howard, M. L., Pynoos R. S., & Fairbank, J. A. (2011). Complex trauma and mental health in children and adolescents placed in foster care: findings from the national child traumatic stress network. Child Welfare, 90, 91–108.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Guibord, M., Bell, T., Romano, E., & Rouillard, L. (2011). Risk and protective factors for depression and substance use in an adolescent child welfare sample. Children and Youth Services Review, 33, 2127–2137.CrossRef Guibord, M., Bell, T., Romano, E., & Rouillard, L. (2011). Risk and protective factors for depression and substance use in an adolescent child welfare sample. Children and Youth Services Review, 33, 2127–2137.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. New York: The Guilford Press. Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. New York: The Guilford Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson, R. M., Kotch, J. B., Catellier, D. J., Winsor, J. R., Dufort, V., Hunter, W., & Amaya-Jackson, L. (2002). Adverse behavioral and emotional outcomes from child abuse and witnessed violence. Child Maltreatment, 7, 179–186.CrossRefPubMed Johnson, R. M., Kotch, J. B., Catellier, D. J., Winsor, J. R., Dufort, V., Hunter, W., & Amaya-Jackson, L. (2002). Adverse behavioral and emotional outcomes from child abuse and witnessed violence. Child Maltreatment, 7, 179–186.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Jones, D. J., Lewis, T., Litrownik, A., Thompson, R., Proctor, L. J., Isbell, P., Dubowitz, H., English, D., Jones, B., Nagin, D., & Runyan, D. (2013). Linking childhood sexual abuse and early adolescent behavior: the intervening role of internalizing and externalizing problems. Journal Abnormal Child Psychology, 41, 139–150.CrossRef Jones, D. J., Lewis, T., Litrownik, A., Thompson, R., Proctor, L. J., Isbell, P., Dubowitz, H., English, D., Jones, B., Nagin, D., & Runyan, D. (2013). Linking childhood sexual abuse and early adolescent behavior: the intervening role of internalizing and externalizing problems. Journal Abnormal Child Psychology, 41, 139–150.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Joseph, M. A., O’Connor, T. G., Briskman, J. A., Maughan, B., & Scott, S. (2014). The formation of secure new attachments by children who were maltreated: an observational study of adolescents in foster care. Development and Psychopathology, 26, 67–80.CrossRefPubMed Joseph, M. A., O’Connor, T. G., Briskman, J. A., Maughan, B., & Scott, S. (2014). The formation of secure new attachments by children who were maltreated: an observational study of adolescents in foster care. Development and Psychopathology, 26, 67–80.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Kisiel, C. L., Fehrenbach, T., Torgersen, E., Stolbach, B., McClelland, G., Griffin, G., & Burkman, K. (2014). Constellations of interpersonal trauma and symptoms in child welfare: implications for a developmental trauma framework. Journal of Family Violence, 29, 1–14.CrossRef Kisiel, C. L., Fehrenbach, T., Torgersen, E., Stolbach, B., McClelland, G., Griffin, G., & Burkman, K. (2014). Constellations of interpersonal trauma and symptoms in child welfare: implications for a developmental trauma framework. Journal of Family Violence, 29, 1–14.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kitzmann, K. M., Gaylord, N. K., Holt, A. R., & Kenny, E. D. (2003). Child witnesses to domestic violence: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 339–352.CrossRef Kitzmann, K. M., Gaylord, N. K., Holt, A. R., & Kenny, E. D. (2003). Child witnesses to domestic violence: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 339–352.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kolko, D. J., Hurlburt, M. S., Zhang, J., Barth, R. P., Leslie, L. K., & Burns, B. J. (2010). Posttraumatic stress symptoms of children and adolescents referred for Child Welfare investigation. Child Maltreatment, 15, 48–63.CrossRefPubMed Kolko, D. J., Hurlburt, M. S., Zhang, J., Barth, R. P., Leslie, L. K., & Burns, B. J. (2010). Posttraumatic stress symptoms of children and adolescents referred for Child Welfare investigation. Child Maltreatment, 15, 48–63.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Larkin, H., Felitti, V. J., & Anda, R. F. (2014). Social work and adverse childhood experiences research: implications for practice and health policy. Social Work in Public Health, 29, 1–16.CrossRefPubMed Larkin, H., Felitti, V. J., & Anda, R. F. (2014). Social work and adverse childhood experiences research: implications for practice and health policy. Social Work in Public Health, 29, 1–16.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat McCrae, J. S. (2009). Emotional and behavioral problems reported in child welfare over 3 years. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 17, 17–28.CrossRef McCrae, J. S. (2009). Emotional and behavioral problems reported in child welfare over 3 years. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 17, 17–28.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mrug, S., & Windle, M. (2010). Prospective effects of violence exposure across multiple contexts on early adolescents’ internalizing and externalizing problems. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 953–961.CrossRefPubMed Mrug, S., & Windle, M. (2010). Prospective effects of violence exposure across multiple contexts on early adolescents’ internalizing and externalizing problems. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 953–961.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Murray, K. Q., Bair-Merritt, M. H., Roche, K., & Cheng, T. L. (2012). The impact of intimate partner violence on mothers’ parenting practices for urban, low-income adolescents. Journal of Family Violence, 27, 573–583.CrossRef Murray, K. Q., Bair-Merritt, M. H., Roche, K., & Cheng, T. L. (2012). The impact of intimate partner violence on mothers’ parenting practices for urban, low-income adolescents. Journal of Family Violence, 27, 573–583.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Preacher, K. K., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879–891.CrossRefPubMed Preacher, K. K., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879–891.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Saigh, P. A., Yasik, A. E., Oberfield, R. A., Halamandaris, P. V., & McHugh, M. (2002). An analysis of the internalizing and externalizing behaviors of traumatized urban youth with and without PTSD. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 462–470.CrossRefPubMed Saigh, P. A., Yasik, A. E., Oberfield, R. A., Halamandaris, P. V., & McHugh, M. (2002). An analysis of the internalizing and externalizing behaviors of traumatized urban youth with and without PTSD. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 462–470.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Salazar, A. M., Keller, T. E., Gowen, L. K., & Courtney, M. E. (2013). Trauma exposure and PTSD among older adolescents in foster care. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 48, 545–551.CrossRefPubMed Salazar, A. M., Keller, T. E., Gowen, L. K., & Courtney, M. E. (2013). Trauma exposure and PTSD among older adolescents in foster care. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 48, 545–551.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Shahinfar, A., Fox, N. A., & Leavitt, L. A. (2000). Preschool children’s exposure to violence: relation of behavior problems to parent and child reports. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 70, 115–125.CrossRefPubMed Shahinfar, A., Fox, N. A., & Leavitt, L. A. (2000). Preschool children’s exposure to violence: relation of behavior problems to parent and child reports. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 70, 115–125.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Sroufe, L. A., & Waters, E. (1977). Attachment as an organizational perspective. Child Development, 48, 1184–1199.CrossRef Sroufe, L. A., & Waters, E. (1977). Attachment as an organizational perspective. Child Development, 48, 1184–1199.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Stein, B. D., Zima, B. T., Elliott, M. N., Burnam, M. A., Shahinfar, A., Fox, N. A., & Leavitt, L. A. (2001). Violence exposure among school-age children in foster care: relationship to distress symptoms. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 588–594.CrossRef Stein, B. D., Zima, B. T., Elliott, M. N., Burnam, M. A., Shahinfar, A., Fox, N. A., & Leavitt, L. A. (2001). Violence exposure among school-age children in foster care: relationship to distress symptoms. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 588–594.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sternberg, K. J., Baradaran, L. P., Abbot, C. B., Lamb, M. E., & Guterman, E. (2006). Type of violence, age, and gender differences in the effects of family violence on children’s behavior problems: a mega analysis. Developmental Review, 26, 898–112.CrossRef Sternberg, K. J., Baradaran, L. P., Abbot, C. B., Lamb, M. E., & Guterman, E. (2006). Type of violence, age, and gender differences in the effects of family violence on children’s behavior problems: a mega analysis. Developmental Review, 26, 898–112.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Storer, H. L., Barkan, S. E., Stenhouse, L. L., Eichenlaub, C., Mallillin, A., & Haggerty, K. P. (2014). In search of connection: the foster youth and caregiver relationship. Children and Youth Services Review, 42, 110–117.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Storer, H. L., Barkan, S. E., Stenhouse, L. L., Eichenlaub, C., Mallillin, A., & Haggerty, K. P. (2014). In search of connection: the foster youth and caregiver relationship. Children and Youth Services Review, 42, 110–117.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Valentino, K., Berkowitz, S., & Stover, C. S. (2010). Parenting behaviors and posttraumatic symptoms in relation to children’s symptomatology following a traumatic event. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 23, 403–407.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Valentino, K., Berkowitz, S., & Stover, C. S. (2010). Parenting behaviors and posttraumatic symptoms in relation to children’s symptomatology following a traumatic event. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 23, 403–407.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat van der Kolk, B. A. (2005). Developmental trauma disorder: towards a rational diagnosis for children with complex trauma histories. Psychiatric Annals, 35, 401–408.CrossRef van der Kolk, B. A. (2005). Developmental trauma disorder: towards a rational diagnosis for children with complex trauma histories. Psychiatric Annals, 35, 401–408.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wolfe, D. A., Crooks, C. V., Lee, V., McIntyre-Smith, A., & Jaffe, P. G. The effects of children’s exposure to domestic violence: a meta-analysis and critique. Clinical and Child Family Psychology Review, 6, 171–187. Wolfe, D. A., Crooks, C. V., Lee, V., McIntyre-Smith, A., & Jaffe, P. G. The effects of children’s exposure to domestic violence: a meta-analysis and critique. Clinical and Child Family Psychology Review, 6, 171–187.
Zurück zum Zitat Yoon, S., Kobulsky, J. M., Voith, L. A., Steigerwald, S., & Holmes, M. R. (2015). Gender differences in caregiver-child relationship mediation of the association between violence exposure severity and adolescent behavior problems. Child Abuse & Neglect, 50, 104–115.CrossRef Yoon, S., Kobulsky, J. M., Voith, L. A., Steigerwald, S., & Holmes, M. R. (2015). Gender differences in caregiver-child relationship mediation of the association between violence exposure severity and adolescent behavior problems. Child Abuse & Neglect, 50, 104–115.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang, Z., Wang, L., & Tong, X. (2015). Mediation analysis with missing data through multiple imputation and bootstrap. Quantitative Psychology Research, 140, 341–355. Zhang, Z., Wang, L., & Tong, X. (2015). Mediation analysis with missing data through multiple imputation and bootstrap. Quantitative Psychology Research, 140, 341–355.
Metadaten
Titel
The Importance of the Caregiver and Adolescent Relationship for Mental Health Outcomes Among Youth in Foster Care
verfasst von
Allison D. Rayburn
Mathew C. Withers
Lenore M. McWey
Publikationsdatum
01.08.2017
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Family Violence / Ausgabe 1/2018
Print ISSN: 0885-7482
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-2851
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-017-9933-4

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2018

Journal of Family Violence 1/2018 Zur Ausgabe

Update Psychiatrie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.